氣壓系統(tǒng)中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

PAGE中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)PneumaticsystemandvariousvalvebasicintroductionPneumaticsystemsusepressurizedgasestotransmitandcontrolpower.Asthenameimplies,pneumaticsystemtypicallyuseair(ratherthansomeothergas)asthefluidmediumbecauseairisasafe,low-cost,andreadilyavailablefluid.Itisparticularlysafeinenvironmentswhereanelectricalsparkcouldigniteleaksfromsystemcomponents.Inpneumaticsystems,compressorsareusedtocompressandsupplythenecessaryquantitiesofair.Compressorsaretypicallyofthepiston,vaneorscrewtype.Basicallyacompressorincreasesthepressureofagasbyreducingitsvolumeasdescribedbytheperfectgaslaws.Pneumaticsystemsnormallyusealargecentralizedaircompressorwhichisconsideredtobeaninfiniteairsourcesimilartoanelectricalsystemwhereyoumerelyplugintoanelectricaloutletforelectricity.Inthisway,pressurizedaircanbepipedfromonesourcetovariouslocationsthroughoutanentireindustrialplant.Thecompressedairispipedtoeachcircuitthroughanairfiltertoremovecontaminantswhichmightharmthecloselyfittingpartsofpneumaticcomponentsuchasvalvesandcylinders.Theairthenflowsthroughapressureregulatorwhichreducesthepressuretothedesiredlevelfortheparticularcircuitapplication.Becauseairisnotagoodlubricant(containsabout20%oxygen),pneumaticssystemsrequiredalubricatortoinjectaveryfinemistofoiltheairdischargingfromthepressureregulator.Thispreventswearofthecloselyfittingmovingpartsofpneumaticcomponents.Freeairfromtheatmospherecontainsvaryingamountsofmoisture.Thismoisturecanbeharmfulinthanitcanwashawaylubricantsandthuscauseexcessivewearandcorrosion.Hence,incomeapplications,airdriersareneededtoremovethisundesirablemoisture.Sincepneumaticsystemsexhaustdirectlyintotheatmosphere,theyarecapableofgeneratingexcessivenoise.Therefore,mufflersaremountedonexhaustportsofairvalvesandactuatorstoreducenoiseandpreventoperatingpersonnelfrompossibleinjuryresultingnotonlyfromexposuretonoisebutalsofromhigh-speedairborneparticles.Thereareseveralreasonsforconsideringtheuseofpneumaticsystemsinsteadofhydraulicsystems.Liquidsexhibitgreaterinertiathandogases.Therefore,inhydraulicsystemstheweightofoilisapotentialproblemwhenacceleratinganddeceleratinganddeceleratingactuatorsandwhensuddenlyopeningandclosingvalves.DuetoNewton’slawofmotion(forceequalsmassmultipliedbyacceleration),theforcerequiredtoaccelerateoilismanytimesgreaterthanthatrequiredtoaccelerateanequalvolumeofair.Liquidsalsoexhibitgreaterviscositythandogases.Thisresultsinlargerfrictionalpressureandpowerlosses.Also,sincehydraulicsystemsuseafluidforeigntotheatmosphere,theyrequirespecialreservoirsandno-leaksystemsuseairwhichisexhausteddirectlybackintothesurroundingenvironment.Generallyspeaking,pneumaticsystemsarelessexpensivethanlessexpensivethanhydraulicsystems.However,becauseofthecompressibilityofair,itisimpossibletoobtainprecisecontrolledactuatorvelocitieswithpneumaticsystems.Also,precisepositioningcontrolisnotobtainable.Whilepneumaticpressuresarequitelowduetopressurescanbeashighas10,000psi.Thus,hydraulicscanbehigh-powersystems,whereaspneumaticsareconfinedtolow-powerapplications.Industrialapplicationsofpneumaticsystemsaregrowingatarapidpace.Underneathintroductioniswidelyusedinallkindsofpneumaticsystemvalve.Valveisawidelyusedmechanicalproductineachcountry'seconomy.Youcanfindvalvescommonlyusedinthefollowingfieldslikeoil,naturegas,coal,metallurgy,mining,refinery,pipetransportation,petrochemical,chemical,pharmacy,foodproduction,powerplant,watersupply/drainage,heatsupply,airsupply,marine,vehicle,airplane,spacecraft,military,newtech,irrigationandmanyotherflowingsystems.Thereareself-drivenvalvesandoperatedvalves.Self-drivenvalves(likesafetyvalve,reliefvalve,steamtrap,checkvalve)arefunctioningbyutilizingitsmechanicaldesignorthepressure,directionofitsflowmedium.Operatedvalves(likegatevalve,globevalve,ballvalve,butterflyvalve)arefunctioningbyactuator(manual,electric,hydraulic,pneumaticetc.)orthepressure,flowdirectionofitsmedium.Duetothedifferencesofpressure,temperature,flow,andphysical-chemicalcharacterofitsmedium,therearedifferentrequirementsindesigningandapplyingthepipelinesystem.Thereforetherearenumeroustypesofvalve.GASVALVEFromtheairvalveoperatingprinciplesofview,airvalveperformancewilldirectlyaffecttheworkofcompressortanks,airvalveforthefollowingrequirements:resistancelossessmall.Airvalvesizeandairflowresistancelossesofvalvesalwaysspeedandthesizeofthespring-loadededge.Gashigherspeed,thegreatertheenergylosses;Spring-loadededgetoolarge,thelossisgreatresistance,thesizeoftheairvalvemovementdesignguidelinestodeterminethereasonablenessofthelaw.Airvalveclosedtimely,rapid,notleakclosedtoimprovetheefficiencyofmachinesandextendeduseperiod.Longlife,workreliable.Lifeisthemainfactorrestrictingairvalveandspring-loadedvalvesquality,thegenerallong-termcontinuousoperationofthecompressorstolife80hours;Formobile,short-termorintermittentoperationofcompressors,mayrequireslightlymore.Airvalveandpiston-typecompressorsaretotheimportantcomponentsisoneofthecomponentseasilydamaged.Itwillhaveadirectimpactonthedisplacementcompressors,powerconsumptionandreliabilityofoperation,thecurrentcompressorisfastdirection,androtationalspeedlimitisoneofthekeyissuesinimprovingairvalve.Piston-typecompressorstypicallyusethe"automaticvalve"thattheairvalveisopenedandclosedvalvesonthepressureonbothsidestoachievepoor,andthereisnootherdrive.PNEUMATICVALVEPneumaticvalvesregulatethetemperatureinthecontextnominalpressureandmayadjustvariousfluids,gasesandsteam,pneumatic-valveclosed,leakagesmall.Pneumatic-valveattheroleoftheimplementingagenciescouldreachagasopenorgasshutpurposes.Pneumaticvalvesregulatethepneumaticenforcementagenciesandregulatoryvalvestwo.Enforcementagenciestopromotetheimplementationofdevicesinstalled,itcompressedair-driven,exportthrust;Regulationvalvesarepartoftheimplementationofdevicestoregulatedirectcontactwiththemedia,regulatorymediumflow.Thepneumatic-valvestructurewithsimple,reliableoperation,exportthrustlargemaintenanceconvenientandinexpensive,suchasfireblastmeritspneumatic-valvewidelyusedforchemical,oil,metallurgical,electrical,textileandotherindustrialproductionprocessesautopilotandremotecontrol.PRESSUREREGULATINGVALVEpressureregulatingvalveisarelianceonexternalenergytransfermediumitselfwaspressurechangespressure-typeautomaticadjustmentofproduct,youcanadjustthevalveinthepressureequipmentdebuggingprocessinaccordancewiththeirownprocessespressureregulatingvalvesfortheguidecommandsystemsetpressureafterpressureregulatingvalvesvalue,pressureregulatingvalveswillbenaturalgaspressureregulatingvalves,thepressureforyoutosetandautomaticallymaintainitsconstant,pressureregulatingvalvesinthecontrolroomforyourremotecontroloxygenflowdownstream.Flowwillbeusedforon-siteoxygenpressureregulationandfeedbacktocontroltheactualprocessparameterstocontrolthedistance.Youcaneasilyadjusttheoxygenpressure.氣壓系統(tǒng)及各種閥門(mén)的基本介紹氣壓系統(tǒng)是用壓力氣體傳遞和控制動(dòng)力，正如名稱所表明的那樣，氣壓系統(tǒng)通常用空氣（不用其他氣體）作為流體介質(zhì)，因?yàn)榭諝馐前踩?、成本低而又隨處可得的流體，在系統(tǒng)部件中產(chǎn)生電弧有可能點(diǎn)燃泄漏物的場(chǎng)合下（使用空氣作為介質(zhì)）尤其安全。在氣壓系統(tǒng)中，壓縮機(jī)用來(lái)壓縮并供應(yīng)所需的空氣。壓縮機(jī)一般有活塞式、葉片式和螺旋式等類型。壓縮機(jī)基本上是根據(jù)理想氣體法則，通過(guò)減小氣體體積來(lái)增加氣體壓力的。氣壓系統(tǒng)通常考慮采用大的中央空氣壓縮機(jī)作為一個(gè)無(wú)限量的氣源，這類似于電力系統(tǒng)中只要將插頭插入插座便可獲得電能。用這種方法，壓力氣體可以從氣源輸送到整個(gè)工廠的各個(gè)角落，壓力氣體可通過(guò)空氣濾清器除去污物，這些污物可能會(huì)損壞氣動(dòng)組件的精密配合部件如閥和氣缸等，隨后輸送到各個(gè)回路中，接著空氣流經(jīng)減壓閥以減小氣壓值適合某一回路使用。因?yàn)榭諝獠皇呛玫臐?rùn)滑劑（包括20%的氧氣），氣壓系統(tǒng)需要一個(gè)油霧器將細(xì)小的油霧注射到經(jīng)過(guò)減壓閥的空氣中，這有助于減少氣動(dòng)組件精密配合運(yùn)動(dòng)件的磨損。由于來(lái)自大氣中的空氣含不同數(shù)量的水分，這些水分是有害的，它可以帶走潤(rùn)滑劑引起過(guò)分磨損和腐蝕，因此，在一些使用場(chǎng)合中，要用空氣干燥器來(lái)除去這些有害的水分。由于氣壓系統(tǒng)直接向大氣排氣，會(huì)產(chǎn)生過(guò)大噪聲，因此可在氣閥和執(zhí)行組件排氣口安裝消聲器來(lái)降低噪聲，以防止操作人員因接觸噪聲及高速空氣粒子有可能引發(fā)的傷害。用氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)代替液壓系統(tǒng)有以下幾條理由：液體的慣性遠(yuǎn)比氣體大，因此，在液壓系統(tǒng)中，當(dāng)執(zhí)行組件加速減速和閥突然開(kāi)啟關(guān)閉時(shí)，油液的質(zhì)量便是一個(gè)潛在的問(wèn)題，根據(jù)牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律（力等于質(zhì)量乘以加速度），產(chǎn)生加速運(yùn)動(dòng)油液所需力要比加速同等體積空氣所需的力高出許多倍。液體比氣體具有更大的粘性，這會(huì)因?yàn)閮?nèi)摩擦而引起更大的壓力和功率損失；另外，由于液壓系統(tǒng)使用的液體要與大氣隔絕，故它們需要特殊的油箱和無(wú)泄漏系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。氣壓系統(tǒng)使用可以直接排到周圍環(huán)境中的空氣，一般來(lái)說(shuō)氣壓系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有液體系統(tǒng)昂貴。然而，由于空氣的可壓縮性，使得氣壓系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行組件不可能得到精確的速度控制和位置控制。氣壓系統(tǒng)由于壓縮機(jī)局限，其系統(tǒng)壓力相當(dāng)?shù)停ǖ陀?50psi），而液壓力可達(dá)10000psi之高，因此液壓系統(tǒng)可以是大功率系統(tǒng)，而氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)僅用于小功率系統(tǒng)。下面介紹廣泛應(yīng)用于氣壓系統(tǒng)的各種閥門(mén)。閥門(mén)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中使用極為廣泛的一種機(jī)械產(chǎn)品。閥門(mén)在石油、天然氣、煤炭、冶金、和礦石的開(kāi)采、提煉加工和管道輸送系統(tǒng)中；在石油化工、化工產(chǎn)品，醫(yī)藥和食品生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中；在水電、火電和核電的電力生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中；在城建的給排水、供熱和供氣系統(tǒng)中；在冶金生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中；在船舶、車輛、飛機(jī)、航天以及各種運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械的使用流體系統(tǒng)中；在國(guó)防生產(chǎn)以及新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域里；在農(nóng)業(yè)排灌系統(tǒng)中都有大量的需求。閥門(mén)分