給水排水中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：Optimumcombinationofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionincoal-accumulatedbasinofNorthChinaAbstractTheconflictamongwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousduetotheirrationaldrainageandexploitationofgroundwaterresourcesincoal-accumulatedbasinsofNorthChina.Efficientsolutionstotheconflictaretomaintainlong-termdynamicbalancebetweeninputandoutputofthegroundwaterbasins,andtotrytoimproveresourcificationoftheminewater.Allsolutionsmustguaranteetheeco-environmentquality.Thispaperpresentsanewideaofoptimumcombinationofwaterdrainage，watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionsoastosolvetheproblemofunstableminewatersupply,whichiscausedbythechangeablewaterdrainageforthewholecombinationsystem.Boththemanagementofhydraulictechniquesandconstraintsineconomy,society,ecology,environment,insustuialstructuraladjustmentsandsustainabledevelopmentshavebeentakenintoaccount.Sincethetraditionalandseparatemanagementofdifferentdepartmentsofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisbrokenupthesedepartmentsworktogethertoavoidrepeatedgeologicalsurveyandspecificevaluationcalculationssothatlargeamountofnationalinvestmentcanbesavedandprecisecalculationforthewholesystemcanbeobtained.Inthelightoftheconflictofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectioninatypicalsectorinJiaozuocoalmine,acasestudyputsforwardanoptimumcombinationscheme,inwhichamaximumeconomicbenefitobjectiveisconstrainedbymultiplefactors.Theschemeprovidesaveryimportantscientificbaseforfindingasustainabledevelopmentstrategy.Keywordscombinationsystemofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotection,optimalcombination,resourcificationofminewater.AnalysesofnecessityforthecombinationTherearethreerelatedproblemsinthebasin.Itiswellknownthatthemajormine-hydrogeologicalcharacteristicsofthecoalaccumulatedbasininNorthChinadisplayastereowater-fillingstructure,whichisformedbymulti-layeraquifersconnectedhydraulicallytogetherwithvariouskindsofinnerorouterboundaries.MinewaterhazardshaveseriouslyrestrictedthehealthydevelopmentofcoalindustryinChinabecauseofmorewater-fillingsourcesandstrongerwater-fillingcapacityincoalminesofthebasin.Coalreservesinthebasinarethreatenedbythewaterhazards.InFengfeng,Xingtai,Jiaozuo,Zibao,HuaibeiandHuainancoalminedistricts,forexample,itisestimatedthatcoalreservesarethreatenedbythewaterhazardsupto52％,71.％40,％,60％,48％and90％oftotalprospectingreservesrespectively.Itisobviousthatun-miningphenomenoncausedbythewaterhazardsisserious.Water-burstingaccidentsundercoallayershaveseriouslyinfluencedsafeproduction.Somestatisticaldatashowthattherewere17water-burstingaccidentswithover1m3/sinflowfrom1985.Waterdrainageisanincreasingburdenoncoalminesthreatenedbywaterhazards:highcostofwaterdrainageraisescoalpricesandreducesprofitsoftheenterprise.Ontheotherhand,itismoreandmoredifficulttomeetthedemandofwatersupplyincoalminedistrictsinthebasin.Thereasonsarenotonlyaridandsemi-aridweatherconditions,butalsoalargeamountofwaterdrainagewithdeepdrawdownincoalminesandirrationalwaterexploitation.Thedeteriorationofeco-environmentisanotherproblem.Phenomenaoflandsurfacekarstcollapsecanbefound.Manyfamouskarstsprings,whicharedischargepointsforthewholekarstgroundwatersyatem,stopflowingortheirdischargeratesdecreaseonalargescale.DesertcremophytesinlargeareasinwestChinadiebecauseoffallinggroundwaterlevel.Thesethreeproblemsarerelatedandcontradictory.Inordertosolvetheproblemswhileensuringsafemining,meetingwaterresourcedemandsandslowingdownthepaceofeco-environmentdeterioration,itisnecessarytostudytheoptimumcombinationofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectioninthebasin.ThestateoftheartofresearchandtheproblemsAlthoughresearchintothecombinationofwaterdrainageandwatersupplystartedmuchearlierinsomecountries,theirconceptionissimpleandsomeshortcomingsremainintheirstudyonthetheoryandpatternofcombination.China’sresearchhistoryonthecombinationcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageistheutilizationofminewater.Acenturyagominewaterstartedtobeusedaswatersupplyformines.Buttheutilizationscaleandefficiencywerequitelimitedatthattime.Thesecondstageisacomprehensiveone:minewaterwasusedwhilewaterhazardswereharnessed.Greatprogresswasmadebothintheoryandpracticeofthecombination.Forexample,thecombinationofwaterdrainageandwatersupplynotonlymeanstheutilizationofminewater,butalsomeansthatitisatechniqueofpreventingwaterhazards.Itisunfortunate,however,thatthecombinationresearchinthisstageofferedlesssenseofeco-environmentprotection.Optimumcombinationmanagementofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisthethirdstage.Mainfeaturesinthisstagearetowidentraditionalresearch,andtoestablishaneconomic-hydraulicmanagementmodel,inwhichsafemining,eco-environmentprotectionandsustainabledevelopmentdemands,etc.aresimultaneouslyconsideredasconstraintconditions.TrinitysystemThetrinitysystemcombineswaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentqualityprotection.Thewater-collectingstructuresofthesystemconsistoflandsurfacepumpingwellsinthemines,shallowlandsurfacewellingroundwaterrechargeareasandartificialreliefwellsunderthemines.Bothintegrationandcoordinationforthetrinitysystemaredistinguishedaccordingtothecombination.Theintegrationforthesystemmeanstoutilizedrainagewaterundertheminesandpumpwaterontothelandsurfaceaswatersupplyfordifferentpurposeswithoutharmingtheeco-environmentalquality.Thecoalminesarenotonlydrainagesites,butalsowatersupplysources.Thepurposeofdrillingpumpingwellsonthelandsurfaceistoeliminatespecialinfluencesondifferentconsumers,whicharecausedbyterminatingdrainageprocessesundertheminesduetounexpectedaccidentsinmining.Thecoordinationforthesystemmeanstobulidsomewatersupplysourcesfordifferentconsumerswhileensuringeco-environmentalqualityingroundwaterrechargepositions,wherepumpinggroundwaterisquiteeffectiveonloweringgroundwaterheadsinthemineareas.Itinterceptsinadvancetherecharginggroundwaterflowtowardsthemines,whichmaynotonlyprovideconsumerswithgoodqualitygroundwater,achievethegoalofdroppingdowngroundwaterheadsinthemines,butalsoeffectivelyreducethehighcostsofdrainageandwatertreatment,whichareneededbytraditionaldewateringmeasureswithlargedrainageflowratesunderthemines.Thecoordinationchangesthetraditionalpassivepatternofpreventingandcontrollinggroundwaterhazardsundertheminesintothatofactivesurfaceinterception.Bothverydevelopedkarstflowbeltsandaccumulatedgroundwaterrechargeonesunderthegroundarerelativelyidealinterceptivecoordinationpositionsinthesystem.Fortheintegrationofthetrinitysystem,artificialreliefwellsundertheminesandthelandsurfacepumpingwellsmainlypenetrateintodirectthinbeddedkarstaquifersinterbeddedwiththeminingcoallayers,whileforthecoordinationofthesystem,theshallowlandsurfacewellsmainlypenetrateintoverythickkarstaquifer.Therefore,hydrogeologicalconceptualmodelforthesysteminvolvesthemulti-layeraquifersconnectedhydraulicallybydifferentinnerboundaries.Settingupstereohydrogeologicalconceptualmodelsandcorrespondingmathematicalmodelsisaprerequisiteforsolvingthemanagementalproblemsforthesystem.Managementofthetrinitysystemnotonlyconsiderstheeffectsofloweringgroundwaterheadsandsafeoperationforwaterdrainagesubsystem,butalsopaysattentiontothewaterdemandsforwatersupplysubsystemandqualitychangesforeco-environmentprotectionsubsystem.Theyplaythesameimportantroleinthewholecombinationsystem.Itcontrolsthegroundwaterheadsineachaquifertosatisfytheconditionsofsafeminingwithcertainwaterheadpressuresinthemines,andtoguaranteeacertainamountofwatersupplyfortheminesandnearareas,butthemaximumdrawdownofgroundwatermustnotbeexceded,whichmayresultinloweringeco-environmentalquality.Economic-hydraulicmanagementmodelInthetrinitysystemmanagement,groundwaterresourcesintheminesandnearbyareas,whichareassessedonthepremiseofeco-environmentqualitiesandsafeoperationinthemines,maybeprovidedaswatersupplyprices,drainagecosts,transportationcosts(includingpipelineandpurchasingthelandcosts)andgroundwaterqualitytreatmentcostsforthethreedifferentwaterconsumers,theoptimummanagementmodelsmayautomaticallyallocatetoeachconsumeracertainamountofgroundwaterresourcesandaconcretewatersupplyscenariobasedoncomparisonsofeachconsumer’seconomiccontributiontothewholesysteminobjectivefunction.Thereforethemanagementstudiesontheoptimalcombinationamongwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectioninvolveboththemanagementofgroundwaterhydraulictechniquesandtheeconomicevaluations,eco-environmentqualityprotectionandindustrialstructureprograms.Inadditiontorealizinganeconomicoperation,theyalsoguaranteeasafeoperationwhichisakeypointforthecombinationofthewholesystem.Themanagementmodelforthetrinitysystemcanreachwatersupplygoalswithdrainagewaterundertheminesandthelandsurfacepumpingwateronthepremiseofensuringeco-environmentalquality.Anditcanmakeuseofonemodeltolaydowncomprehensivelyoptimummanagementscenariosforeachsubsystembymeansofselectingproperconstraintsandmaximumeconomicbenefitobjectiveproducedbymultiplewaterconsumers.Themodelcanraisethesecurityandreliabilityofoperationforthewholetrinitysystem,andthedrainagewatercanbeforecastfortheminesandthemanagementofwatersupplyresourceandtheevaluationofeco-environmentqualitycanbeperformedatthesametimesoastorespectivelystoptheseparateorclosedmanagement,ofdepartmentsofdrainagewater,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionfromgeologicalsurveystagetomanagementevaluation.This,ineconomicaspect,cannotonlyavoidmuchgeologicalsurveryandspecialassessmentworkwhichareoftenrepeatedbythethreedepartments,andsavealotoffunds,butalso,intechnicalaspect,makeuseofonemodeltosimultaneouslyconsiderinterferenceandinfluenceoneachotherfordifferentgroundwaterseepagefieldssoastoguaranteecalculatingprecisionoftheforecast,themanagementandtheevaluationwork.Theeconomic-hydraulicmanagementmodelcanbeexpressedasfollows.AcasestudyAtypicalsectorischosen.ItislocatedintheeastofJiaozuocoalmine,HenanProvince,China.Itconsistsofthreemines:HanwangMine,YanmazhuangMineandJiulishanMine.Thelandsurfaceisflat,andthewholeareaisabout30km2.AnintermittentriverShanmenflowsthroughthesectorfromthenorthtothesouth.Averageannualprecipitationinthesectorisabout662.3mm.TheprecipitationmainlyconcentratesinJune,July,AugustandSeptembereachyear.StratainthesectorconsistofverythicklimestoneinMiddleOrdovician,coal-bearingrockseriesinPermoCarboniferousandloosedepositsinQuaternary.Therearefourgroupsoffaultedstructures.Thefirstisinnortheast-southwestdirectionsuchasF3andF1..Thesecondisinthenorthwest-southeastdirectionsuchasFangzhuangfault.Thethirdisintheeast-westdirectionsuchasFenghuanglingfault.Thelastisalmostinnorth-south.Thesefaultsareallfoundtobenormalfaultswithahighdegreeofdipangle.Fourmajoraquifershavebeenfoundinthesector.Thetoponeisasemi-confinedporousaquifer.Thenextoneisaverythinbeddedlimestonaquifer.Thethirdisathinbeddedlimestoneaquifer.Thelastoneatthebottomisaverythicklimestoneaquifer.Objectivefunctionofthemanagementmodelisdesignedtobemaximumeconomicbenefitproducedbydomestic,industrialandagriculturalwatersupply.Policymakingvariablesofthemodelareconsideredasthedomestic,industrialandagriculturalgroundwatersupplyratesineverymanagementtimestep,andtheyaresuppliedbyartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines,thelandsurfacepumpingwellsintheminesandtheshallowlandsurfacewellsinthegroundwaterrechargeareas.Allthe135policymakingvariablesarechoseninthemodel,27fordrainagewellsundertheminesinaquifer,27forthelandsurfacepumpingwellsintheminedistrictsinaquifer27inaquifer27inaquiferO227fortheshallowlandsurfacewellsinaquiferO2 Basedontheproblems,thefollowingconstraintconditionsshouldbeconsidered:SafeminingconstraintwithgroundwaterpressureinaquiferL8.Therearealtogetherthreecoalminesinthetypicalsector,i.e.HanwangMine,YanmazhuangMineandJiulishanMine.Elevationsofmininglevelfortheseminesaredifferentbecauseitisabout88-150minthesecondmininglevelforHanwangMine,and-200minthesecondmininglevelforYanmazhuangMine,and-225minthefirstmininglevelforJiulishanMine.Accordingtominingexperiences,pressure-loadedheightsforgroundwaterheadsinsafeminingstateareconsideredasabout100-130m.Therefore,thegroundwaterleveldrawdownsinthethreemanagementtimestepsforaquiferL8atthreemineshavetobeequivalenttosafedrawdownvaluesatleastinordertopervertgroundwaterhazardsundertheminesandtoguaranteetheirsafeoperation.Geologicaleco-environmentqualityconstraint.Inordertopreverntgroundwaterleakagefromuppercontaminaterporousaquiferintobottomoneandthentoseepagefurtherdowntocontaminatethethinbeddedlimestoneaquiferinthepositionofburiedoutcrop,thegroundwaterheadsinthebottomporousaquifermustkeepacertainheight,i.e.thegroundwaterdrawdownsinitarenotallowedtoexceedmaximumvalues.GroundwaterheadconstraintattheshallowlandsurfacewellsinaquiferO2,TheshallowlandsurfacewellsshouldpenetrateinaquiferO2inordertoavoidgeologicalenvironmenthazards,suchaskarstcollapseanddeepkarstgroundwatercontamination.GroundwaterheaddrawdownsinaquiferO2fortheshallowlandsurfacewellsarenotallowedtoexceedcriticalvalues.IndustrialwatersupplyconstraintforthegroundwatersourceinaquiferO2.Therateofindustrialwatersupplyneededbytheplannedthermalpowerplantinthenorthofthesectorisdesignedtobe1.5m3/saccordingtothecomprehensivedesignofthesysteminthesector.Inordertomeetthedemandsofwater,therateindustrialwatersupplyforthegroundwatersourceinaquiferO2ineverymanagementtimestepmustbeequivalentatleastto1.5m3/s.Maximumamountconstraintofgroundwaterresourceavailableforabstraction.Inordertomaintainthebalanceofthegroundwatersysteminthesectorforalongtimeandtoavoidanyharmfulresultscausedbycontinuousfallingofgroundwaterhead,thesumofgroundwaterabstractionineachmanagementtimestepisnotallowedtoexceedthemaximumamountofgroundwaterresourceavailableforabstraction.Sincethereisnotonlywaterdrainageinthemines,butalsowatersupplyinthewholecombinationsystem,managementperiodforthemodelisselectedfromJune1,1978toMay31,1979,inwhichannualaveragerateofprecipitationisabout50％.Managementtimestepsfortheperiodaredividedintothree.ThefirstoneisfromJunetoSeptember,thesecondfromOctobertonextJanuary,andthelastonefromnextFebruarytoMay.Accordingtocomprehensiveinformationaboutactualeconomicability,economicdevelopmentprogramandindustrialstructureadjustmentinthesectoratpresentandinthenearfuture,anddifferentassociationformsofwatercollectingstructuresamongthelandsurfacepumpingwells,theshallowlandsurfacewellsandartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines,thispaperdesigns12managementscenarious,allofwhichtakethesafeoperationinthetrinitysystemasthemostimportantcondition.Aftermakingcomparisonsofoptimumcalculationresultsforthe12scenarious,thispapercomestoaconclusionthatscenariosisthemostidealandapplicableoneforthetypicalsector.Thisscenarionotonlyconsiderstheeffectivedewateringadvantageoftheartificialreliefflowwellsundertheminesandsafestablewatersupplyadvantageofthelandsurfacepumpingwells,butalsopaysattentiontothedisadvantageoflowsafeguarantyrateforthereliefflowwellsundertheminesforwatersupplyandoflargedrillinginvestmentinthelandsurfacepumpingwells.Meanwhile,ehshallowlandsurfacewellsinaquiferO2inthisscenariowouldnotonlyprovidewatersupplyforthethermalpowerplantasplanned,butalsoplayanimportantroleindewateringthebottomaquifer,whichismajorrechargesourceofgroundwaterforthemines.Ifthedrainagesubsystemundertheminesrunsnormally,thisscenariocouldfullyoffertheeffectivedewateringfunctionsoftheartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines,andmakesthetrinitysystemoperatenormally.Butifthedrainagesubsystemhastostopsuddenlybecauseofunexpectedaccidents,thescenariocouldstillfullyutilizethelandsurfacepumpingwellsandtheshallowlandsurfacewells,andincreaetheirpumpingratesinordertomakeupfortemporaryshortageofwatersupplyforthetrinitysystemandtomakeitseconomiclossesreducedtoaminimumextent.Increasinggroundwaterabstractionrateforthelandsurfacepumpingwellsandtheshallowlandsurfacewells,infact,isveryfavorableforharnessingthewater-accidentsundertheminesandforrecoveryproductionofthemines.Tosumup,thisscenariosetsupanewpatternforthecombinationofwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotection.Itsolvesquitewelltheconflictsbetweenthelowsafeguarantyrateandtheeffectivedewateringresultfortheartificialreliefflowwellsunderthemines.Itmakesfulluseofbeneficialaspectoftheconflicts,andmeanwhilecompensatesfortheunbeneficialonebyarrangingthelandsurfacepumpingwellsinthecoalminedistricts.Therefore,thisscenarioshouldbecomprehensiveandfeasible.Inthisscenario,HanwanMine,YanmazhuangMineandJiulishanMinearedistributedoptimallyforcertainamountofdomesticandindustrialwatersupply,butnotformuchagriculturalwatersupply.Thelandsurfacepumpingwellsarealsodistributedfordifferentpurposesofwatersupply.Thewatersupplyforthethermalpowerplant(1.5m3/s)isprovidedbytheshallowlandsurfacewells.Comprehensiveeffects,producedbytheabovethreekindsofwatercollectingstructures,completelysatisfyalloftheconstraintconditionsinthemanagementmodel,andachieveanextremelygoodeconomicobjectiveof16.520551millionRMByuanperyear.Inordertoexaminetheuncertaintyofthemanagementmodel,12managementscenariosarealltestedwithsensitiveanalysis.ConclusionTheoptimumcombinationresearchamongwaterdrainage,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionisofgreattheoreticalsignificanceandapplicationvalueinthebasinofNorthChinaforsolvingunbalancedrelationbetweenwatersupplyanddemands,developingnewpotentialwatersupplysourcesandprotectingweakeco-environment.Thecombinationresearchisconcernednotonlywithhydraulictechniquemanagementbutalsowithconstraintsofeconomicbenefits,society,ecology,environmentquality,safeminingandsustainabledevelopmentinthecoalmines.Thecombinationmodel,forthefirsttime,breaksuptheclosedsituationexistingforalongtime,underwhichthegovernmentdepartmentsofdrainagewater,watersupplyandeco-environmentprotectionfromgeologicalsurveystagetomanagementevaluationworkrespectively.Economically,itcansparetherepeatedgeologicalsurveyandspecialassessmentworkdonebythethreedepartmentsandsavealotoffunds;technically,onemodelismadeuseoftocovertheinterferenceandinfluenceeachotherfordifferentgroundwaterseepagefieldssoastoguaranteeahighcalculatingprecisionoftheforecast,themanagementandtheevaluationwork.Themanagementscenariopresentedinthecasestudyisthemostidealandapplicableforthetypicalsector.Thisscenarionotonlymakesfulluseoftheeffectivedewateringadvantagesoftheartificialreliefflowwellsundertheminesandsafestablewatersupplyadvantagesofthelandsurfacepumpingwells,butalsopaysattentiontothedisadvantagesoflowsafeguarantyrateforthereliefflowwellsundertheminesforwatersupplyandoflargedrillinginvestmentforthelandsurfacepumpingwells.ReferencesInvestigationteamonmine-hydrogeologyandengineeringgeologyintheMinistryofGeologyandMineralResources.InvestigationReportonKarst-water-fillingMines(inChinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1996LiuQiren,LinPengqi,YuPei,Investigationcommentsonmine-hydrogeologicalconditionsfornationalkarst-water-fillingmines,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChinese),1979WangMengyu,Technologydevelopmentonpreventingandcuringminewaterincoalminesinforeigncountries,ScienceandTechnologyinCoal(inChinese),1983Coldewey,W.G.Semrau.L.MinewaterintheRuhrArea(FederalRepublicofGermany),inProceedingsof5thInternationalMineWaterCongress,Leicestershire:QuornSelectiveReproLimited,1994Sivakumar,M.Morten,S,Singh,RN,Casehistoryanalysisofminewaterpollution,inProceedingsof5thInternationalMineWaterCongress,Leicestershire;QuornSelectiveReproLimited,1994YeGuijun.ZhangDao,FeaturesofKarst-water-fillingminesandcombinationbetweenwaterdrainageandwatersupplyinChina,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChina),1988TanJiwen,ShaoAijun,ProspectanalysesonCombinationbetweenwaterdrainageandwatersupplyinkarstwaterbasininnorthernChina,JounnalofHebeiCollegeofGeology(inChinese),1985XinKuide,YuPei,Combinationbetweenwaterdrainageandwaterforseriouskarst-water-fillingminesinnorthernChina,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChinese),1986WuQiang,LuoYuanhua,SunWeijiangetal.Resourcificationofminewaterandenvironmentprotection,GeologicalComments(inChinese),1997GaoHonglian,LinZhengping,Regionalcharacteristicsofmine-hydrogeologicalconditionsofcoaldepositsinChina,JournalofHydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology(inChinese),1985JiangBen,AtentativeplanforpreventingandcuringmeasuresonminewaterincoalminesinnorthernChina,GeologyandProspectingforCoaofield(inChinese),1993中國北方煤炭積聚區(qū)的最佳組合排水，供水和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)摘要為了開采中國北方煤炭資源豐富的區(qū)域，不合理的排水使排水、供水和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的沖突日趨嚴(yán)重。有效的解決沖突的方法是保持地下水豐富的盆地的輸入和輸出之間長期的動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡，并努力提高煤礦水的資源化。所有解決方案必須保證環(huán)境質(zhì)量。本文提出了一種有關(guān)于優(yōu)化排水、供水和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的組合，以解決不穩(wěn)定水流的問題，從而引起引流水變化的整個(gè)組合系統(tǒng)的新的理念。管理液壓技術(shù)和限制經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)，生態(tài)，環(huán)境，工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與可持續(xù)發(fā)展已被考慮到。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以通過不同部門的共同努力打破不同部門之間獨(dú)立管理排水、供水和保護(hù)環(huán)境的傳統(tǒng)，避免了重復(fù)的地質(zhì)調(diào)查和具體的評(píng)價(jià)計(jì)算，使國家可以節(jié)省大量的投資和精確計(jì)算。鑒于排水，供水和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的沖突的一個(gè)典型的部門在焦作煤礦，一案例研究提出了一種優(yōu)化組合方案，目的是最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益能夠受到多種因素的制約。該方案奠定了一個(gè)尋找可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略非常重要的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)關(guān)鍵詞組合系統(tǒng)的排水，供水和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，優(yōu)化組合，礦井水資源化1分析相結(jié)合的必要性在盆地中有三個(gè)相關(guān)的問題。眾所周知，在中國北方流域積累的煤礦的主要的水文地質(zhì)是立體充水結(jié)構(gòu)，它是由于液壓與各類內(nèi)、外邊界的連結(jié)液相連的多層含水層。在中國煤炭儲(chǔ)量豐富、礦井?dāng)?shù)目多的盆地，由于注水和更強(qiáng)的注水能力得到應(yīng)用，礦井水嚴(yán)重制約了煤炭工業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。據(jù)估計(jì)總礦儲(chǔ)量分別是52%，71%，40%，60%，48%和90%的峰峰、邢臺(tái)、焦作、淄博、淮北和淮南的盆地煤礦區(qū)遭受到了破壞。很明顯，不能挖掘的現(xiàn)象所造成的危害是嚴(yán)重的。透水事故嚴(yán)重影響安全生產(chǎn)。一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明從1927年到1985年有17個(gè)超過1立方米/秒流速的透水事故發(fā)生。排水對(duì)煤礦水災(zāi)害的威脅是一個(gè)日益沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)；排水成本提高引起了煤炭價(jià)格的上升和企業(yè)利潤的減少。盆地的煤礦區(qū)的供水需求越來越難以得到滿足。其原因一方面是干旱和半干旱的氣候條件，另一方面是大量煤礦排水的不合理開發(fā)。另一個(gè)問題是環(huán)境惡化。地表上喀斯特地貌崩潰的現(xiàn)象可以被發(fā)現(xiàn)。許多著名的對(duì)整個(gè)卡斯特地下水系統(tǒng)非常重要的卡斯特泉水，已經(jīng)停止了流動(dòng)或者出流速度大規(guī)模的降低。在中國西部占有者很大面積的克拉瑪依沙漠由于地下水位的下降正在走向死亡。這三個(gè)問題既是相關(guān)的又是矛盾的。為了解決盆地中的這一問題，同時(shí)確保安全開采、滿足對(duì)水資源的需求和減緩環(huán)境的惡化，去研究排水、供水和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的最佳組合是非常重要的。2研究行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及問題雖然一些國家對(duì)于排水和給水的組合的研究比較早，其概念簡單，在他們的理論與組合模式仍然有著很多缺點(diǎn)。中國對(duì)于組合排水研究的歷史可以分為三個(gè)階段。第一階段是利用礦井水。一個(gè)世紀(jì)前的礦井水開始被用來作為礦井供水。但在那個(gè)時(shí)候利用規(guī)模和效率都非常有限。第二個(gè)階段是全面的：礦井水被用來水災(zāi)害治理。在理論和實(shí)際上都取得了非常大的進(jìn)步。例如，排水和給水的組合不僅意味著礦井水能夠得到利用，也意味著防止水害成為了一種科技。然而不幸的是在這一階段的組合研究對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)投入了太少的關(guān)注。優(yōu)化管理排水，供水和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的組合是第三階段。在這個(gè)階段的主要特點(diǎn)是拓寬傳統(tǒng)的研究，并建立一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)水壓管理模式，同時(shí)把安全開采，生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展和發(fā)展需求等作為約束條件。3三位一體系統(tǒng)三位一體系統(tǒng)結(jié)合了排水，供水和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。集水系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)由礦井地表水的抽吸、地下淺地表水的在灌注和礦井下的人工救援水組成。根據(jù)這種組合三位一體系統(tǒng)中的整合和協(xié)調(diào)顯得非常重要。一體化的系統(tǒng)意味著利用礦井下的排水然后用水泵把水抽到地表作為不同目的的供水同時(shí)不會(huì)損害生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量。煤礦不僅是排水源，同時(shí)也是供水源。從地表抽水的目的是消除為了防止礦井下的意外事故發(fā)生而引起的排水終止的事情對(duì)不同的人造成的特別的影響。當(dāng)抽取地下水作為一種非常有效地礦區(qū)降低地下水水頭措施時(shí)，系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)意味著對(duì)于不同的消費(fèi)者去建立一些供水源頭，同時(shí)確保地下水灌注時(shí)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的狀態(tài)。。流向礦山的灌注水的增長截距，不僅能夠提供給消費(fèi)者高品質(zhì)的地下水，實(shí)現(xiàn)降低礦山地下水水頭的目的，還能夠有效地降低在礦山下提供大流速的傳統(tǒng)的排水措施的高成本。這種協(xié)調(diào)的方式改變了傳統(tǒng)的被動(dòng)的預(yù)防模式和限制了礦山下地下水的危害迅速的向地表擴(kuò)散。在系統(tǒng)中非常發(fā)達(dá)的卡斯特流域和地下積累了大量水的區(qū)域是相對(duì)理想的協(xié)調(diào)位置。對(duì)于這個(gè)三位一體系統(tǒng)的整體來說，地下的人工救援水和表層抽取的水主要是直接的滲透進(jìn)地下薄弱的卡斯特層狀蓄水層和煤礦層，同時(shí)為了協(xié)調(diào)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，煤礦的淺層必須穿透比較厚的卡斯特地下蓄水層。因此，水溫地質(zhì)概念模型的系統(tǒng)包括由液壓連接的不同的內(nèi)外邊界的多層含水層。建立立體水文地質(zhì)概念模型和相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型的先決條件是解決系統(tǒng)的管理問題。三位一體系統(tǒng)的管理不僅需要考慮到降低地下水水頭的效果和排水系統(tǒng)的安全運(yùn)行，同時(shí)要考慮到排水和供水系統(tǒng)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的影響。他們?cè)谡麄€(gè)組合系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮了同樣重要的作用。它控制了在滿足安全開采條件的具有一定水頭壓力的礦井的各含水層的水頭，并在礦井及其附近區(qū)域有一定量的供水，但是必須不能超過可能導(dǎo)致生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量降低的地下水的最大水位降低量。4經(jīng)濟(jì)水壓管理模型在三位一體管理系統(tǒng)中，生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量和安全運(yùn)行評(píng)估的前提是礦山及其周邊的地下水資源可提供水供應(yīng)價(jià)格，排水費(fèi)用，運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用（包括管道和購買土地的費(fèi)用）和地下水質(zhì)量檢測的費(fèi)用的三種不同的消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化管理模式，自動(dòng)的分配給每一個(gè)消費(fèi)者一定數(shù)量的地下水資源和水供應(yīng)的情況下進(jìn)行每一個(gè)消費(fèi)者的目標(biāo)函數(shù)對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)。因此，管理和研究排水，供水和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的最佳組合涉及地下水液壓管理技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)。生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量保護(hù)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)程序。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)營，他們同時(shí)也保證了一個(gè)安全的操作，這對(duì)整個(gè)組合系統(tǒng)而言非常重要的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。三位一體系統(tǒng)的管理模式可以達(dá)到供水，排水和地表水時(shí)確保生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量安全的目標(biāo)。它可以通過選擇適當(dāng)?shù)南拗坪屯ㄟ^多種水資源消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)生的最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為每個(gè)子系統(tǒng)制定一個(gè)最適宜的全面的優(yōu)化管理模式。這種模式可以提高三位一體系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的安全和可靠性，預(yù)測礦井的排水量，管理供水資源和評(píng)價(jià)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的可以同時(shí)執(zhí)行，以終止管理排水，供水和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境地質(zhì)調(diào)查評(píng)估的各個(gè)不同部門之間的獨(dú)立的和封閉的狀態(tài)。這樣，不僅可以避免三個(gè)部門之間許多往往是重復(fù)了的地質(zhì)調(diào)查和評(píng)估工作，在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，節(jié)約了大量的資金，而且可以在技術(shù)方面利用一個(gè)同時(shí)考慮不同區(qū)域的之間干擾和相互影響的模型保證地下水滲流計(jì)算的精度，預(yù)測，管理和評(píng)價(jià)工作。這種經(jīng)濟(jì)水壓管理模式可以表示如下：5案例研究一個(gè)典型