2013年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析答案

2013年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)（一）試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]external[C]crucial[D]objective3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment4.[A]Aboveall[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Forexample5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]for[C]to[D]on7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]test[B]emphasize[C]share[D]promote9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]found[B]studied[C]chosen[D]identified11.[A]otherwise[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]exceptional12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]took[D]gave15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]below[B]after[C]above[D]before18.[A]jump[B]float[C]fluctuate[D]drop19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]necessary[B]possible[C]promising[D]helpfulSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear—about64itemsperperson—andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes—andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher .[A]lackofimagination [B]poorbargainingskill[C]obsessionwithhighfashion [D]insensitivitytofashionAccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto .[A]combatunnecessarywaste [B]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements [D]shutoutthefeverishfashionworldTheword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto .[A]accusation [B]enthusiasm [C]indifference [D]toleranceWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists. [B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.[C]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing. [D]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle. [B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry. [D]Exposureofamass-marketsecretText2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted—thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft’sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearWindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays,“they’llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:ThereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforWindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle’sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:“webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto .[A]lowertheiroperationalcosts [B]easecompetitionamongthemselves[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers [D]providebetteronlineservices“Theindustry”(Line5,Para.3)refersto .[A]onlineadvertisers [B]e-commerceconductors[C]digitalinformationanalysis [D]internetbrowserdevelopersBobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault .[A]goesagainsthumannature [B]failstoaffecttheadindustry[C]willnotbenefitconsumers [D]manycutthenumberofjunkadsWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph6?[A]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads [B]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers [D]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTTheauthor’sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof .[A]appreciation [B]understanding [C]indulgence [D]skepticismText3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely—thoughbynomeansuniformly—glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe“RedList”ofthreatenedspeciesoftheinternationalUnionfortheConcentrationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:“ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasasitsflagshipprojectamechanicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby .[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment. [B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology.[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks. [D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity.TheIUCN’s“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsare .[A]amisplacedrace. [B]asustainedspecies.[C]theworld’sdominantpower. [D]athreattotheenvironment.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?[A]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise. [B]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.[C]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblems. [D]Ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto .[A]drawonourexperiencefromthepast. [B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.[C]exploreourplanet’sabundantresources. [D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture [B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind. [D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity.Text4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday—amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates.InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthatCongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield”andArizonahasthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers.However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.TwoofthethreeobjectingJustices—SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas—agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.TheAdministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausethey .[A]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw [B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates[C]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers [D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepoliciesOnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?States’independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.Federalofficers’dutytowithholdimmigrants’information.States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.Congress’sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs .[A]violatedtheConstitution [B]stoodinfavorofthestates[C]supportedthefederalstatute [D]underminedthestates’interestsTheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement .[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates [B]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes[C]isdependentonthestates’support [D]rarelygoesagainststatelawsWhatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceisnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobalchallenges,includingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41) .Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.(42) .Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords“environmentalchange”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince2004.(43) .Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,forexample.Andwhetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding.(44) .Thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatthesystembechanged:Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory.Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45) .Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneofthesekeywords.Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds—includinggovernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate—variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.Theideaistoforcesocialscientiststointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchange;foodsecurity;marineresearchandthebio-economy,clean,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.Thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior:allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasichumanneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanirrepressibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshastodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,theformerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone’srelationtoone’senvironment.(48)Thegardensofthehomeless,whichareineffecthomelessgardens,introduceformintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefrom,issointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesinagardenandfeeltheoppressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallforththespiritofplantandanimallife,ifonlysymbolically,throughaclumplikearrangementofmaterials,anintroductionofcolors,smallpoolsofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofthewordgarden,thoughina“l(fā)iberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia—ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife—assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.SectionIVWritingPartADirections:Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushoulddescribethedrawingbrieflyexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.(20points)PAGEPAGE102013年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)（一）答案詳解SectionIUseofEnglish一、文章題材結(jié)構(gòu)分析2012616日TheAquestionofjudgment)”Dr.UriSimonsohnDr.SimonsohnSimonsoho二、試題解析1.[A]grants賦予，授予 [B]submits服從，提交 [C]transmits傳輸，發(fā)射 [D]delivers傳遞【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞搭配【解析“”B選項(xiàng)submit“，不能與ability選項(xiàng)transmit“，也不能與ability搭配，D選項(xiàng)deliver“，同樣不能與abilityA,C,DA選項(xiàng)grant本身A。2.[A]minor次要的 [B]external外部的 [C]crucial殘酷的 [D]objective客觀的【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+形容詞辨析【解析external外因素上文的backgroundinformation同復(fù)不慮背信不外界素影A選項(xiàng)minor次的，B選項(xiàng)external外的，C選項(xiàng)crucial殘的，D選項(xiàng)objective客的，答案選B。3.[A]issue問(wèn)題 [B]vision想象力，美景 [C]picture行為；做法；行動(dòng) [D]moment瞬間，重要時(shí)刻【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+名詞辨析【解析but引起句意轉(zhuǎn)折?！癝imonsohn推測(cè)不考慮大局會(huì)導(dǎo)致決策者被日常接觸的信息影響而帶有偏見?！眛he，指代上文信息，即不考慮背景信息、不考慮大環(huán)境。而大局，大環(huán)境的picture是最貼切的。Aissue問(wèn)題，BvisionC。4.[A]Aboveall首先 [B]Onaverage平均，通常[C]Inprinciple大體上，原則上[D]Forexample例如【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+短語(yǔ)辨析【解析D。而A選項(xiàng)aboveall“”選項(xiàng)onaverage“C選項(xiàng)inprinciple“”，后面需要出現(xiàn)的是總結(jié)性的話語(yǔ)，將A,B,C5.[A]fond喜歡的 [B]fearful懼怕的 [C]capable有能力的 [D]thoughtless考慮不周的【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+短語(yǔ)辨析【解析】從句意上來(lái)看“例如，他們提出理論，認(rèn)為法官不敢在罪行面前表現(xiàn)得太軟弱，如果當(dāng)天已經(jīng)宣判五六名被告執(zhí)行緩刑，那么他很有可能將下一個(gè)人送入監(jiān)獄。A選項(xiàng)fondof喜歡，B選項(xiàng)fearof懼怕，C選項(xiàng)capableof有能力，D選項(xiàng)thoughtlessof考慮不周，故答案選B。6.[A]in在……里 [B]for為了，因?yàn)?[C]to表方向 [D]on在……上【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】句間邏輯關(guān)系+固定結(jié)構(gòu)【解析】根據(jù)句內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系，在對(duì)待犯罪行為方面害怕表現(xiàn)出太軟弱，在……方面，關(guān)于……的表達(dá)應(yīng)該用介詞on，故答案為D。[A]if如果 [B]until直到 [C]though盡管 [D]unless除非【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+固定短語(yǔ)【解析】A選項(xiàng)if表?xiàng)l件。B選項(xiàng)until表時(shí)間，往往跟not連用，直接排除。C選項(xiàng)though表讓步，D選項(xiàng)unless相當(dāng)于if...not。通讀空格所在的前后句子，得出這兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是表示條件的。[A]test檢驗(yàn) [B]emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào) [C]share分享 [D]promote促進(jìn)【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析【解析】首先注意到idea前面有指示代詞this”A促進(jìn)”，B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)或C“”，故答案選D。9.[A]decision決定 [B]quality質(zhì)量，品質(zhì) [C]status地位 [D]success成功【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+名詞辨析【解析A選項(xiàng)decision“決”，B選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)，品質(zhì)”，C選項(xiàng)status“地”，D選項(xiàng)success“成功”。申請(qǐng)的 不該取于同天隨選到其他名申者。著下講到試官試MBA申者的結(jié)果results，此第9題該也結(jié)果意思與下結(jié)合達(dá)到面的果，此答是“申者的功”。其它項(xiàng)帶原文疊答，與義不合。10.[A]found找到的 [B]studied研究過(guò)的 [C]chosen精選的 [D]identified經(jīng)鑒定的【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析【解析】空格后面有一個(gè)副詞為randomly，隨機(jī)地，既然是隨機(jī)，那么A選項(xiàng)found“找到的”，選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)studied“研究過(guò)的”，D選項(xiàng)identified“經(jīng)鑒定的”就與randomly是相矛盾的，全部排除。11.[A]otherwise另外的 [B]defensible可辯護(hù)的，可擁護(hù)的[C]replaceable可替換的 [D]exceptional異常的，例外的【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵在于but，通過(guò)suspect可以看出Dr.Simonsohn與前文意思相反，因此other