Unit+1+Science+fiction+Review+Useful+Structures課件+【知識精講精研】高二英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

人教選擇性必修第四冊Unit1ReviewUsefulStructures12ToreviewandconsolidatethepassivevoiceofverbsTousepassivevoiceappropriatelyinatext目標一：ToreviewandconsolidatethepassivevoiceofverbsActivity1:Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.wasgoingtobetestedout;tobeharmed;wasbeinglookedafter;wasbeingoffered;wasnotallowed;wasbeingtreatedbadly;tobediscoveredbyher;wasbeingcompletelytransformedActivity2:Observethefollowingsentences,andthenfinishthetwotasks.Task1Changethepassivevoiceintotheactivevoice.①Itwasgoingtobetestedout

byLarry'swife,Claire.②Nowshewasbeinglookedafter

byarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.③Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathy

byarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.④Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyher

totheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.①

Larry'swife,Clairewasgoingtotestoutit.②Arobotthatlookedsohuman

waslookingafter

her,anditwasdisturbing.③Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatarobot

wasofferingsympathytoher,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.④Asshedidn’tallowhimtoaccompanyher

totheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.Task2

Workinpairs.Discusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.Thepassivevoiceisusedtofocusonthepersonorobjectthatexperiencesanactionratherthanthepersonorobjectthatperformstheaction.Itisusedwhenwedon'tknowtheperformer,ortheperformerisunimportant(andthereforeomitted),ortheperformeris

tobehighlighted(andthereforeplacedtowardtheend).SummaryThePassiveVoice被動語態(tài)1.語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和動詞之間的關(guān)系。2.英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

主動語態(tài)動詞的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)動詞的主語是動作的承受者。

Sometreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.3.被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象

的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。承受者執(zhí)行者一、被動語態(tài)的相關(guān)概念二、主動句與被動句的轉(zhuǎn)換We

plant

thesetrees.Thesetrees

areplantedbyus.主語賓語主語賓語三、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)以及物動詞tell為例，列表如下：時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式一般現(xiàn)在時be(am,is,are)told一般過去時be(was,were)told一般將來時shall/willbetold過去將來時should/wouldbetold進行式現(xiàn)在進行時be(am,is,are)beingtold過去進行時be(was,were)beingtold完成式現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeentold過去完成時hadbeentold四、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動形式(1)

雙賓動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)雙賓動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,直接賓語不變。如將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,間接賓語之前則應(yīng)加介詞to或for。

e.g.He

gave

her

some

money.

She

was

given

some

money.

Some

money

was

given

to

her.(2)

帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時,一般將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語為主語補足語)。

e.g.HisfathercalledhimJack.

HewascalledJackbyhisfather.(3)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。e.g.Theproblemmaybesolvedinanumberofdifferentways.Inourschool,librarybooksmustbereturnedintwoweeks.(4)“be+過去分詞+不定式”的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.Heisreportedtohavebrokenaworldrecord.Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.(5)“it+be+過去分詞+從句”式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.It’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itisknownthat...眾所周知Itissuggestedthat...有人建議Itisbelievedthat...人們相信(6)“get+done”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)用來表示狀態(tài)或情況,?？嫉男问饺纾?/p>

getmarried結(jié)婚

getengaged訂婚

gethurt/wounded受傷

getlost迷路

getdrunk喝醉了

getcaught/stuck/trapped被困

getdressed穿好衣服

getrunover被(車)軋五、主動形式表示被動意義1)有些不及物動詞主動形式可表被動意義。

a.某些連系動詞，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste等。

e.g.Thefoodtastedbetterthanitlooked.

b.

某些與can’t,won’t等連用的不及物動詞，如move,lock,shut,open等。

e.g.Itcan'tmove.Thedoorwon'tshut.

c.某些可與well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read,write,wash等。

e.g.Mynewpenwriteswell.Theclothdoesn’twasheasily.2)非謂語動詞的某些主動形式表示被動意義a.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

e.g.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Volleyballisveryinterestingtowatch.b.

在beworthdoing和betoblame結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞-ing形式或動詞不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。

e.g.Thefilmiswellworthseeing.ThepolicyispartlytoblameforcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.c.

當want,need,require表示“需要”時，其賓語可用動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。

e.g.Thecarpetreallywantscleaning(=tobecleaned).Mosthouseplantsrequirewatering(=tobewatered).六、不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況1)謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。2)謂語是不可拆開的takeplace,consistof,loseheart,belongto等短語動詞。3)賓語是無實意的代詞it。4)賓語是表示身體的某一部分的名詞。5)賓語是某些抽象名詞。6)have在任何情況下都不能用于被動語態(tài)。7)一般來說，當動詞的賓語是動詞-ing形式或者是不定式時不能變成被動語態(tài)。8)將來進行時和完成進行時沒有被動語態(tài)。如果遇到這種情況時，可以用一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)來代替。目標二：TousepassivevoiceappropriatelyinatextActivity1:Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.1.Whatisdonecannot___________.(undo)2.Janet__________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)3.Twohundredgrammesofflourshould_________tothecakemix.(add)4.A3,000-seatvenue___________________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)beundonewaselectedbeaddedwasbuilt/willbebuilt5.Workingefficiency________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)6.Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage__________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)7.Itisagreathonourformeto__________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8.WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary__________________atthemeeting.(discuss)9.WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExamination.Heisexpectedto___________toatopuniversity.(admit)hasbeenimprovedisallowedbeinvitedwasbeingdiscussedbeadmittedNowtrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.1.覆水難收。2.珍妮特上個月被選為學(xué)生會主席。3.蛋糕料里需要加入200克面粉。4.十一月將建成一個可容納三千人的馬戲團表演場地。5.由于采用了這種新軟件，工作效率得到了提高。6.每位經(jīng)濟艙乘客只能隨身攜帶一件行李。7.我很榮幸能被邀請在這個國際人工智能大會上發(fā)言。8.我進入會議室時候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷售員的工資問題。9.隨著盲文考試的實施，一位高中的視障學(xué)生在高考中獲得了630分(滿分650分)。他有望被一所頂尖大學(xué)錄取。Activity2:Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand_________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_______byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.TheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume_____________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook____________manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.isregardedexploredwrittenwastranslatedrep