【新課標(biāo)全國卷】一 《閱讀理解記敘類》-2022屆高考英語考點剖析精創(chuàng)卷

【新課標(biāo)全國卷】專題一《閱讀理解記敘類專

練》一一2022屆高考英語考點剖析精創(chuàng)專題卷

考點01：主旨大意題

考點02：細節(jié)理解題

考點03：推理判斷題

考點04：詞義猜測題

一、Iwalkedintomydaughter*sroomasshewasworkingonascienceproject.

Normally,Iwouldhavebeenpleasedaboutsuchasight.Butthistime,herprojectinvolved

muchsand.Whileshe'dputsheetsofplasticunderherworkarea,thesandwasspreading

alloverournewfloor.

Mydaughterfeltmydispleasureandbegantodefendherself.〃Iusedsheetsof

plastic!sherespondedirritably.Irespondedmoreangrily,“Butthesandisgettingall

over!〃

z/WhereelseamIsupposedtodoit?”sheshouted.

“Whydidn，tsheadmitthatshehaddonesomethingwrong?”Ithoughttomyself.

Ifeltmyfear,thinkingofwhatherlifewouldbelikeinthefutureifshecouldn，trealise

hermistakes?

Myfearwastranslatedintomoreanger,thistimeabouthowimportantitwasto

admitmistakes.Wehadaquarrel.Shesaidsomethingdisrespectfultomeandraisedher

voice.

Iwishedthishadneverhappenedbefore.ButmydaughterandIwerein

embarrassmentandfeltterrible.

SoIthottghtthatIneededagoodwaytorespondtomydaughter.SoIwentto

mywifeandaskedhowIshouldhavehandledit.

“Sweetie,〃shesaid,role-playingintheconversationwithmydaughter,“there's

alotofsandhereandweneedtocleanitupbeforeitdestroysthefloor.HowcanIhelp

you?”

That'sreallyagreatwaytodealwithit:firstidentifytheproblem,nextstate

whatneedstobedoneandthenoffertohelp.It'ssimple,right?

1.Whydidtheauthorfeeldispleasedatthesight?

A.Thedaughter'sprojectinvolvedmuchsand.

B.Thedaughterworkedtoolongonthescienceproject.

C.Thedaughterputsheetsofplasticunderherworkarea.

D.Thedaughterspreadthesandalloverthenewfloor.

2.What'stheauthor*sfearinPara.4?

A.Hewasworriedabouthisdaughter*futurelife.

B.Thenewfloorwascoveredwithsandeverywhere.

C.Thedaughterwasangrywithhim.

1）.Theauthordidn，tknowhowtohandlethesituation.

3.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Indifferentandcold.B.Understandingbut

worried.

C.Pleased'andrelaxed.D.Annoyedbutmodest

4.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?

A.Learntodealwithproblemscalmlyandwisely.

B.Workingonscienceprojectsdoesgoodtopeople.

C.ConductRole-playintheconversation

D.Communicatewithchildrenpatiently

二、Oneday,whenAlbertEinsteinwasasmallboy,hisfatherboughthimacomposs（指

南針）.Itwasasmal1toytoentertainhim.Einsteinwasverypleasedashelookedatthe

“magic,“thingturningtowardsnorth.Forhim,thecompasswasnotatoybutanewworld.

Hewasacuriouschildandwouldoftendaydream.Hisfatherwasannoyedwithhim

forthebadreportsfromhisteachers.Theytoldhimthattheboywasnotinterestedin

hisstudies.Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.

Onleavingschool,hisfatherwantedhimtostudyelectricalengineering.Buthe

dislikedbecominganengineer.HeenteredtheZurichPolytechnicAcademytopreparehimself

forateachingpositioninmathematicsandphysics.Thoughhefinishedhisstudies,he

wasunabletogetajob.

Finally,hegotajobinanoffice.Inhissparetime,hefilledhisnotepaperwith

difficultmathematicalformulas（公式）.Someoftheselaterledtogreatscientific

discoveries.Whentheywerepublished,hebecameafamousscientist.Hecouldnottake

hisdailywalkwithoutbeingsurroundedbyreporters.Hewouldonlysmileatthem,and

wentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.

In1921,EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TheQueenofBelgiuminvitedhim

topayheravisit.Hegotoffthetrainandwalkedtothepalace.Hewasn'twillingto

takethecarsenttopickhimup.WhentheQueenaskedhim,helookedatherwithasmile

andanswered,〃Itwasaverypleasantwalk.，zEinsteindislikedwealth.Peace,hesaid,

waswhattheworldneeded,andthatcouldnotbeboughtwithmoney.

1.WhydidEinstein，sfatherbuyhimacompass?

A.Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.B.Tolethimplaywithit.

C.Todevelophisinterestinscience.D.Tohelphimcreateadreamworld.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“annoyed"inParagraph2mean?

A.Familiar.B.Strict.C.Angry.D.Content.

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutEinsteinfromParagraph4?

A.Hecaredlittleforfame.B.Hewasnotgoodattalking.

C.HewaspraisedbytheQueen.D.Hedidn'tworkasanofficerforlong.

4.Whatistheauthor，spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroduceanewtheory.B.Tocontributetoworldpeace.

C.Torememberagreatscientist.D.TosharesomeincidentsaboutEinstein.

三、

RichardBransonhashadgreatglobalsuccess.HeisbestknownasthefounderofVirgin

Group,whichconsistsofmorethan400companies.

Sowhat,Iasked,ishismostimportantsecrettosuccess?Hisanswerwassimple:

Lookforthebestinotherpeople.Throughouthislifehe'sneverthoughtillofother

people.Helooksforthebestandpraisesthem.Bransonattimeseemsalmostnothuman.

He'stoogoodatwhathedoes.No,great,Nearlyperfect.Whenhestartssomething,he

isverylikelytosucceed.Hehasfallenoutwithothersthough,likeanyoneelse.Heis

onlyhuman.Hetoldme,“Lifeisshortandtheworldismuchsmallerthanonerealizes.

Youaregoingtocomeacrosspeopletimeandtimeagaininthemostsurprisingplaces.

Asaleaderit'sevenmoreimportanttobeouttherepraisingandencouragingpeople.If

youdofalloutwithsomebodyinlife,evenifyouthinkitwastheirmistake,givethem

acall.Befriendthem.Goouttolunchwiththem.〃

Thegreatestleadersintheworldhavetaughtforgiveness.Perhapsthemostextreme

exampleisNelsonMandela,whoinvitedhisformerprisonguardtohisinauguration（就

職典禮）andevenhadlunchwithamanwhointhepastwantedhimtobesentencedtodeath.

Lifeistooshort.Wearehumansandsometimeswemakemistakesandangerpeople.

Whatdefinesusisnotthosewhoareabletoavoidconfrontation（對抗），butthosewhoare

abletodealwithit.Thehumanbodyisabletoself-heal（自愈）whenwearecut.Inthat

samemanner,wemusthealourpastrelationships.

Bransonwinsrespectfromthosearoundhim.Anatural-bornleader,heisalwaysdeep

inthoughtandhungryformore;alwaysonestepahead.AnditwasRichardBransonwhotaught

meaboutforgiveness.

1.RichardBranson，ssuccessliesinhis.

A.offortsB.generosityC.judgementD.determination

2.TheexampleofNelsonMandelaismentionedtoshow______.

A.hesufferedalotinprison

B.hewasoneofthegreatestleaders

C.thepowerofforgivenessisreallymagical

D.greatpeoplesetagoodexampleofforgiveness

3.Intheauthor，sview,themostimportantthingforushumansisto.

A.liveinpeacewithothers

B.berespectedbyourenemies

C.makeadifferencetoothers

D.makeasfewmistakesaspossible

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thekeytosuccess

B.Whatisforgiveness?

C.Inviteyourenemiestolunch

D.RichardBranson，ssuccessstory

四、Mypresentationwashorrible.IknewitbeforeIheard〃we'11beintouch“from

theclient（客戶）.Thentherestofmydaywasspentinrelativesilence-Iwasleft

alone.Eventually,Ileftmyair-conditionedofficeandoutsidetherewasaheatwave.

Iboardedabusbutcouldn'ttolerateitasitsairconditionerwasn，tworking,

soIgotoffatthenextstopandwalkedhome.Ideclinedtotakeoffmyjacketbecause

“whenitrainsletitpour“wasmyphilosophy.

Ablockfrommybuilding,Iheardthewatersplashing（潑灑）andkidsscreaming.As

Iturnedthecorner,therewerekidsplayinginthewater.Whentheysawmeinmysuit

theystoppedthewaterandwhentheysawmymeanlook,theyevengotquiet.

ThenInoticedtheyoungestkid,noolderthanfive,holdingawatergundownby

hisside,eyingmehard.Ieyedhimback.Suddenly,heshothisgunatme.AsItookmy

firststeptowardhim,anotherboythrewhiswaterguntowardsme.Icaughtitandpulled

thetrigger（扳機）towardthefive-year-old.Hefoughtbackbuthisshooterwasnomatch

formypower,soinstead,heturnedhiswatergunonafewotherkidswhowereshocked

intostillnessatwhatjusthappened.Then,Ialsoturnedmywatergunonthesekidsand

beforelongwewereinall-outwaterwarfare.

Needlesstosay,IwaswetandlaughedlikeI'dneverdoneitbefore.Icouldn，t

remembermylastwaterfightandifIdid,itcouldn，thavebeenasenjoyableasthisone.

Ittookafive-year-oldtobringoutthekidinmeandhelpmerealizethatyoumaynot

beabletocontroldisappointmentbutyoucanstillwelcomethosethingsthatmakeyou

happy.

1.Whydidtheauthorfeelunhappyonthewayhome?

A.Hemostlikelylostadeal.B.Hesawsomeannoyingpeople.

C.Hehadtobearthecoldweather.D.Hewascaughtintheheavyrain.

2.Howdidtheolderkidsfeelthemomenttheysawtheauthorcoming?

A.Ashamed.B.Relieved.C.Excited.D.Frightened.

3.Wherecanwefindthedetailsontheauthor，swaterfight?

A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellustodo?

A.Surroundourselveswithhappykids.B.Remembertoletinjoyinhardtimes.

C.Letgoofoldmemoriesandmoveon.D.Avoidfeelingdisappointedorupset.

五、On29May,1953,SirEdmundHillaryandhisguide,SherpaTenzingNorgay,claimed

theirplaceinthehistorybooks.Thepairsucceededinreachingthetopofthe8,850-metre

MountEverestat11:30amforthefirsttimeinhistory.

Yearslater,theyrecalled（回憶），"Atthisaltitude,theairisthinandthelack

ofoxygenmakeseverysteptaxing.Thetemperatureisapleasant20Cinthesunshinebut

canbe15degreescoolerintheshade.Onaclearnight,lowsof-6Carecommon,andeven

inlateMaysnowfallsometimes

occurs.

“Tosimulate（模擬）high-altitudeconditionsinordertogivethebodyaheadstart

beforeclimbingthemountain,werentedanaltitudetentforourhome-aclearplastic

frameconnectedtoamachinethatwouldreducetheamountofoxygeninside.Sleepingin

thistentfortwoweekshelpsthebodytoproducemoreredbloodcells,whichhelpsend

morebloodtothebodyandincreaseourstrength.Wealsoadjustedourdiettoinclude

morepumpkinseedsforironandvitaminB-bothredbloodcell-promotingnutrients,

recalledSirEdmundHillary.

Twoweekslater,theybeganclimbingEverest."Twothirdsintotherace,wehit

awall.Evenwithasmallgradualprogress,wesufferedfromseverealtitudesickness.

Wewereworriedwewouldhavepassedout.Wefeltreallydown,〃hesaidduringaninterview.

“BothTenzingandIthoughtthatoncewe'dclimbedthemountain,itwasunlikely,

anyonewouldevermakeanotherattempt,SirEdmundsaidyearslater."Wecouldn，thave

beenmorewrong.Eachyear,hundredsofpeoplefromaroundtheworldapplyforclimbing

permitsfromNepal*sMinistryofTourism,andhundredsmoreparticipateinoneofthemost

challengingracesontheplanet:theTenzingHillaryEverestMarathon,whichwasfirst

heldtocelebratethe50thanniversaryoftheirhistoricadventureandisheldannually

on29May,

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“taxing“inparagraph2mean?

A.Difficult.B.Small.C.Necessary.D.Important.

2.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thegoodfoodforthemountainclimbers.B.Thepreparationsforthe

mountainclimbing.

C.ThedifficultiesofclimbingMountEverest.D.Thenaturalenvironment

ofMountEverest.

3.WhathappenedwhenHillaryandhisguidereachedtwothirdsofMountEverest?

A.Theywerestoppedbyawall.B.Theyfellillanddecidedtogiveup.

C.Theywereunhappyabouttheirprogress.D.Theyhadserioushigh

altitudesymptoms.

4.WhatcanweknowabouttheTenzingHillaryEverestMarathon?

A.Itishardlyachallengingraceintheworld.B.ItwashostedbySherpa

TenzingNorgay.

C.Itwasfirstheldon29May,2003.D.Itisorganizedeveryfouryears.

六、Someoftheworld*smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNew

OrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNations

Educational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraise

awarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(聯(lián)合)voice

acrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrink

andgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran?sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartistic

adviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,

andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,Morantells

NationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan"WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmy

generationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhite

anymore.It'sactuallycolor,andit'sactuallydigital.”

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspect

ofthemusichasbeenlost."Themusiccan，tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908

or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,〃

saysMoran.

Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWallerJsmusicforadance

party,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasit

isconcertmusic,〃saysMoran."Forme,it'stherecontextualization（語境重構(gòu)）.Inmusic,

wheredoestheemotion（情感）lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight（感悟）onhow

totalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsus

intoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusic

hasawidercontext,，zsaysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.Thosearethe

thingsIwanttofoster.〃

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?

A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?

A.Itwilldisappeargradually.

B.Itremainsblackandwhite.

C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.

D.Itchangesevery50years.

3.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?

A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.

B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.

C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.

D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ExploringtheFutureofJazz

B.TheRiseandFallofJazz

C.TheStoryofajazzMusician

D.CelebratingtheJazzDay

七、IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationat

BaileyArboretuminLocustValley.

Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survival

isnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.

1gotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭

鷹）ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplaced

inacarrierforsafety.

Iexaminedthechick（雛鳥）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imight

havebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchor

itinatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranches

intothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,

anditquicklycalmeddown.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeowner

arecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchicks

toadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheowner

asmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!

Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveover

andsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthe

nestbythegreatestsightofall-LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobably

continuetodoso.

1.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor，srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhis

work.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.

3.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.

4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

A.It'sunexpected.B.It'sbeautiful.C.It'shumorous.D.It'sdiscouraging.

八、Mostheroesarenotsuper.Theydon'tappearincomicbooks,ontelevision,

orinmovies.Theyjustdowhattheybelieveneedstobedonetomaketheirworldabetter

place.BikeBatmanisoneofthem.

BikeBatmanisa30-year-oldmarriedengineerwholivesinSeattle,Washington.

He,sacyclistwhoalsobuysandsellsbikesasahobby.

Aboutthreeyearsago,hewaslookingforabikeforhiswife.Hefoundoneon

Craigslist,awebsitewherepeoplelistthingstheywanttosell.Asheoftendoes,he

alsolookedatBikeIndex,apopularwebsitethatallowsuserstoregistertheirbikes

andpostreportswhenthey'retaken.Thebike,whichhewasconsideringpurchasing,

clearlymatchedonereportedstolenonBikeIndex.Thenhecalledthepersonwhoclaimed

tobethebike'sownerandarrangedtomeethim一supposedlytocompletethesale.When

thetwomenmet,BikeBatmantoldthethief,"You'vegottwooptions.Youcanwaituntil

apoliceofficergetshere,oryoucanjustgetoutofhere."Youcanimaginewhatthe

thiefdid.

Afterthatfirstsuccess,BikeBatmandevelopedasaferroutine.Whenhesees

questionablebikeadsonCraigslist,hecross-referencestheimagewithbikesreported

onBikeIndex.Oncehehasconfirmeditwiththeowner,hearrangesameet-upwiththe

thiefandwillcalltheSeattlepolicedepartmentsothatofficerscanparticipateinthe

action.Inmorethanhalfofthe22casesinwhichhehasgotbackandreturnedbikes,

thethieveshavebeenarrested.Inonecase,BikeBatmanevenhelpedafamilyrecovera

widerangeofprizedpossessionsthatsuspectshadstolenduringahomeburglary.

Hisnicknamecamefromadiscussionwithapoliceofficerwhosuggestedhebecalled

“RobinHood”.SincehewasnJtexactlystealingfromtherichandgivingtothepoor,

“Batman“seemedabetterfit.Theideaofasuperheropunishingcriminalsfeelspretty

sillytohim,butthemainreasonhecontinueshisworkistokeepupSeattle'sreputation

asafriendlycity.

1.WhatisBikeBatman?

A.Asuperhero.

B.Awebsitemanager.

C.ASeattlecitizen.

D.Apoliceofficer.

2.WhatwillBikeBatmanfirstdowhenhediscoversaquestionablebike?

A.Arrangetomeetthethief.

B.Callthepolicedepartment.

C.Contacttheownerofthestolenbike.

1).Lookupthebike，sinformationonBikeIndex.

3.WhydoesBikeBatmanhelpfindthelostbikes?

A.Tobecomefamous.

B.Tohelppoorpeople.

C.Topunishbikethieves.

D.Tobuildafriendlycity.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.thethievesrefusedtoreturnthebikes.

B.thepolicefailedtoperformtheirduties.

C.BikeBatmanbeganhisgooddeedsbyaccident.

D.BikeBatmanfeltrelievedtoseethethievesarrested.

答案以及解析

一、答案：1.D;2.A;3.D;4.A

解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第3,4句可知，正確答案為Do

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4段：Ifeltmyfear,thinkingofwhather1ifewouldbelikeinthe

futureifshecouldn'trealisehermistakes可知答案為A。

3.推理判斷題。A.Indifferent漠不關(guān)心的cold冷漠的B.Understanding善解人意的worried.

擔(dān)心的C.Pleased高興的relaxed放松的D.annoyed生氣的modest謙虛的。本文前面幾段描

寫父親因女兒做一個科學(xué)項目弄得滿地是沙，心里有些不悅。接下來父親認為女兒做錯事不承認錯

誤是不對的，幾句爭執(zhí)父親很生氣。為改善父女之間關(guān)系，父親虛心向妻子求教,最終得到一個很好

的解決方法。所以正確答案為D

4.主旨大意題。A.學(xué)會冷靜和明智地處理問題。B.從事科學(xué)項目對人們有好處C.在談話中進行角

色扮演D.與孩子們耐心溝通。本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，前面敘述并提出矛盾問題，最后一段得

到很好的處理方法同時也點明了文章主題。對應(yīng)正確答案為A。

二、答案：1-4.BCAD

解析：本文是一篇記敘文,主要介紹了愛因斯坦的一些趣事。他從小喜歡幻想,成名以后視名譽和金

錢如糞土，卻無比熱愛和平。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Itwasasmal1toytoentertainhim."可知，愛因斯坦的爸

爸給他買指南針的目的是讓他玩耍。

2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的"thebadreportsfromhisteachersn以及"Hewasblamed

byhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams"可知，愛因斯坦小時候經(jīng)常做白日夢,

對學(xué)習(xí)不感興趣,學(xué)習(xí)成績很差，他的父親責(zé)備他整日沉浸在他愚蠢的幻想中，由此可知，他的父親

看到他的成績單會很生氣，所以annoyed意為“惱怒的;生氣的”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Hewouldonlysmileatthem,andwentonwithhisworkin

hisquietway.”可知,愛因斯坦成名之后，仍舊不受干擾,繼續(xù)工作,說明他把名譽看得很淡。

4.推理判斷題。綜合全文可知,本文介紹了有關(guān)愛因斯坦的一些趣事,故選D項。

三、答案:1.B;2.D;3.A;4.C

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Hisanswerwassimple:Lookforthebestinotherpeople..

可知，RichardBranson成功的關(guān)鍵在于他有博大的胸懷，總看別人的長處。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Thegreatestleadersintheworldhavetaughtforgiveness.

PerhapsthemostextremeexampleisNelsonMandela可知，舉曼德拉的例子就是為了說明偉大

的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者身體力行,告訴我們什么是寬容。

3.推理判斷題。作者在倒數(shù)第二段提到：人生短暫,我們沒必要糾結(jié)于過往的是是非非、應(yīng)該忘記以

前的不快，修復(fù)人與人之間的關(guān)系,和諧相處。

4.標(biāo)題歸納題。本文偕RichardBranson之口告訴我們要寬恕別人,根據(jù)第二段他所說的evenif

youthinkitwastheirmistake,givethemacall,Befriendthe.Goouttolunchwiththe

是文章的主旨。故C項Inviteyourenemiestolunch作為標(biāo)題切合主題。

四、答案：1-4ADCB

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mypresentationwashorrible.IknewitbeforeIheard

"we'llbeintouch"fromtheclient.（我的報告糟透了。在我聽到客戶說“我們再聯(lián)絡(luò)”之前

我就知道了）”可推斷，作者在回家的路上感到不開心，可能是因為他失去了一樁生意。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Whentheysawmeinmysuittheystoppedthewaterandwhenthey

sawmymeanlook,theyevengotquiet.（當(dāng)他們看到我穿著我的西裝，他們停止了玩水，當(dāng)他們

看到我兇狠的表情時，他們甚至安靜下來）”及第四段“ThenInoticedtheyoungestkidnoolder

thanfive,holdingawatergundownbyhisside,eyingmehard.Ieyedhimback.（這時，

我注意到最小的那個不到五歲的孩子，他舉著一把水槍，目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著我。我回視了他一眼）”可

推斷,大一點的孩子剛看到作者走過來的時候感到害怕。故選Do

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中aSuddenly,heshothisgunatme.AsItookmyfirststeptoward

him,anotherboythrewhiswaterguntowardsme.Icaughtitandpulledthetriggertoward

thefive-year-old.Hefoughtbackbuthisshooterwasnomatchformypowersoinstead,

heturnedhiswatergunonafewotherkidswhowereshockedintostillnessatwhatjust

happened.Then,Ialsoturnedmywatergunonthesekidsandbeforelongwewereinall-out

waterwarfare.（突然，他朝我開槍了。當(dāng)我向他邁出第一步時，另一個男孩把他的水槍扔向我。我

抓住它，朝那個五歲的孩子扣動了扳機。他反擊了，但開槍的人根本敵不過我的力量，所以他把水槍

對準(zhǔn)了其他兒個孩子，他們被剛才發(fā)生的事嚇得一動不動。然后,我也把水槍對準(zhǔn)了這些孩子,不久

我們就陷入了全面的水戰(zhàn)）”可知，第四段詳細描寫了作者打水仗的場景。故選C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Icouldn'tremembermylastwaterfightandifIdid,

itcouldn'thavebeenasenjoyableasthisone.Ittookafive-year-oldtobringoutthe

kidinmeandhelpmerealizethatyoumaynotbeabletocontroldisappointmentbutyou

canstillwelcomethosethingsthatmakeyouhappy.（我不記得上次打水仗了，即使記得，也不

可能像這次這么愉快。一個五歲的孩子激發(fā)了我的童真讓我意識到你可能無法控制失望，但你仍然

可以迎接那些讓你快樂的東西）”可推斷，作者旨在告訴我們要記得在艱難時期擁抱快樂。故選B。

五、答案：「4ABDC

解析：1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前后對沿途惡劣環(huán)境的描述可推斷,每向前邁進一步都非常困難。

2.段落大意題。第三段主要介紹了SrEdmundHillary和導(dǎo)游SherpaTenzingNorgay在攀登珠

峰前所做的準(zhǔn)備工作,包括缺氧訓(xùn)練、飲食調(diào)整等。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"'Two-thirdsintotherace,wehitawall.Evenwithasmall

gradualprogress,wesufferedfromseverealtitudesickness.可知，他們出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的高

原反應(yīng)癥狀。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"On29May,1953,SirEdmundllillaryandhis