高二英語測(cè)試報(bào)：U第三部分教案語法部分輔導(dǎo)（牛津譯林版）

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精M4U1語法部分輔導(dǎo)直接引語和間接引語直接引語是直接引述別人的原話，原話用有引號(hào)，而間接引語是引述別人的話，不用引號(hào)。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)的形式不變。例如：Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthemoment變成間接引語為Shesaysthatshe'llneverforgetthemoment.但是如引述動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)、地點(diǎn)、人稱等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化。遵循下列規(guī)律：一、一般規(guī)律。在直接引語中在間接引語中指示代詞thisthesethatthose時(shí)間狀語nowtodayyesterdaylastweektomorrownextyearTwodaysagoThenthatdaythedaybeforetheweekbeforethenextdaythenextyeartwodaysbefore地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)左進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（不變）過去將來時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化can/maymustcomebringcould/mighthadtogotake二、三要素。我們要很好地掌握直接引語變間接引語這一語法項(xiàng)目，關(guān)鍵要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陳述句的間接引語——連接詞用that，在口語中可省略。引述動(dòng)詞用said,told，，等。例如：Hesaid：“I’veleftmybookinmyroom。"→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2）Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”→Shesaidthathewouldbebusy。要素二：疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接詞用if或whether,而引述選擇疑問句時(shí)只能用whether,引述動(dòng)詞用asked,沒有間接引語的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語me，him等，例如:ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme？"→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.Sheasked，“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”→Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis。（2）特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，改為陳述語序。例如：Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?"→TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.要素三：祈使句的間接引語——采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。told即askedsb.（not)todosth.orderedwarned注意:引語中的呼語可改成賓語。引語中的please去掉,動(dòng)詞改為ask1)Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime。"→Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.Themothersaid,“Tom，getupearly,please?！薄鶷hemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.三、“五不變”在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，還要注意以下五種不變的特殊情況。直接引語如果是客觀真理，諺（習(xí)）語，變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如:Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun?！薄鶷heteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect。"→Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.直接引語中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說話時(shí)情況仍然存在的,變間接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)保持不變，例如：Theboysaidtous，“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday?！薄鶷heboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.Hesaid，“Wearestillstudents。’→Hesaidtheyarestillstudents。3．直接引語如果有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，時(shí)態(tài)不變.例如：Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978。"→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967."→Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967。4．直接引語中凡有When，since，while引導(dǎo)的從句,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，只改變主句時(shí)態(tài),從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”→HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus?！鶶hesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Mr。Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob。”→Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob。5．如果直接引語中引述部分含有insist,suggest,demand等引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語從句，變間接引語時(shí)，引語中的主從句時(shí)態(tài)都不變。例如：Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately?！鶫esaidthey(had）insistedthatshestartimmediately。Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”→Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce。另外，如果說話人轉(zhuǎn)述自己的話,人稱則可不變。例如:Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”→ItoldhimIhadfinishe