高中英語定語從句全面詳細(xì)講解

定語從句一定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。

2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等

Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.注意：弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語從句、選擇好關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵。

二關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.who

指人，在定語從句中作主語。

The

boys

who

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.

正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

had

lost

his

way.

昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>

That

is

the

teacher

who

teaches

us

physics.

那就是教我們物理的老師。

2.whom

指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?，在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho

來代替。

Li

Ming

is

just

the

boy(whom)I

want

to

see.

李明正是我想要見的男孩。The

professor(whom)you

are

waiting

for

has

come.

你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。

The

girl(whom)the

teacher

often

praises

is

our

monitor.

老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長。which

指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)常可省略。

Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.

足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

He

likes

to

read

books

which

are

written

by

foreign

writers.

他喜歡外國作家寫的書。

This

is

the

pen(which)he

bought

yesterday.

這是他昨天買的鋼筆。

The

film

(which)

they

went

to

see

last

night

was

not

interesting

at

all.

他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒有。

4.that

指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who

或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。

Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。Where

is

the

man(that/whom)I

saw

this

morning?

我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？

The

person(that/whom)you

introduced

to

me

is

very

kind.

你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。

The

season

that/which

comes

after

spring

is

summer.

春天之后的季節(jié)是夏季。

Idon’tlikestoriesthat/whichhaveunhappyendings.我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesn’tfitherverywell.安買的衣服不太合身。

5.whose

指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中做定語。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

我拜訪了一個(gè)全國知名的科學(xué)家。

He

has

a

friend

whose

father

is

a

doctor.

他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。

I

once

lived

in

the

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.

我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：

Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

The

school

(which/that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。

Tomorrow

I’ll

bring

here

the

magazine

(which/that)

you

asked

for.

Tomorrow

I’llbring

here

the

magazine

for

which

you

asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。

This

is

the

boy

(whom/who/that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

yesterday.

這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。

注意：不能拆開的詞組：lookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff…

This

is

the

watch

(which/that)

I

am

looking

for.

這是我正在找的手表。

The

babies

(whom/who/that)

the

nurse

is

looking

after

are

very

healthy.

那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。

In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which

have

gone

bad.

籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There

are

forty

students

in

our

class

in

all,

most

of

whom

are

from

big

cities.

我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。

Up

to

now,

he

has

written

ten

stories,

three

of

which

are

about

country

life.

迄今為止，他寫了10部小說，其中3部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。

四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.when

指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。

The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

arrived.

我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。October

1,

1949

was

the

day

when

the

People’s

Republic

of

China

was

founded.4.ThetownisaboutthesamedistancefromNanjingasYangzhouis.As用于非限制性定語從句，常見以下句型：asyouknow,aswehaveseen,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee,aswasexpected,aswecanimagine,ashasbeenpointedout習(xí)題演練1.Everything______Iknowwillbetaughttothestudents.2.Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.3.Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate_____theworkersarewaiting.4.Youcan’tgointothisroom_____theyarehavingameeting.5.Istillrememberthedays______westudiedtogether.6.Thepicture_____hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.7.Don’tmakethesamemistake_____youdidlasttime.8.Hefailedintheexam,______surprisedusall.9.Hedidall______wasnecessarytobedone.10.Herparentswouldn’tletshemarryanyone_____familywaspoor.11.Tom,_____parentsarepoorworkers,alwaysgoeshungry.12.Sheistheoldwoman_____Isawthismorning.13.DoyouknowMr.Zhang_____welikeverymuch.【模擬試題】[定語從句練習(xí)]

一.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.WearelearningEnglish,alanguage_____isusedinmanyplacesintheworld.2.MostAmericansloveChinesefood,____iscookedinadifferentwayfromwesternfood.3.Thismagazinebelongstotheteacher____teachesushistory.4.Anyone____comestoChinawillsurelyvisittheGreatWallnearBeijing.5.Anyone____hasacoldshouldhaveagoodrest.6.Thehouse_____standsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltlastmonth.7.Themedicine_____heboughtisgoodforyourhealth.8.Heistheonlyperson______sawtheaccidentyesterday.9.Tomistryingtoreadintheroom_____theothersarewatchingTV.10.Wewon’tforgettheday_____theherowaskilled.11.Thestudent_____theteachersaretalkingabouthaswonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.12.Thenewspaper____youarereadingistwodaysold.13.Doyourememberthetime_____wegotlostinthepark?14.I’llneverforgetthetime____wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.15.Theyarebuildingahospitalonthestreet_____weusedtolive.16.Thepresent_____hegaveheryesterdayeveningisstillunopened.17.Happinessisoneofthethings_____moneycannotbuy.18.Thisisthehospital______hermotherworks.19.I’llneverforgettheday______IjoinedtheLeague.20.Thehouse______waspulleddownlastweekisbeingrebuilt.21.Theman______wifediedlastyearhasgonetoJapan.22.Tellmethereason______theAmericanladyleft.23.Doyouknowtheboy______waspraisedatthemeeting?24.Iknowthegirl______theteacherpraised

yesterday.25.Allenisthegirl_____Ithinkwillsucceedinthetest.26.Themeetingwasputoff,_________wasexactlywhatwewant.

二.用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空1.Haveyoueverreadthebook______

______therearemanypictures?2.Theman______

______hehadatalkyesterda