2023年考研外語模擬試題7

考研外語模擬試題7

一、UseofEnglish

1>Mostofusthinkweknowthekindofkidwhobecomesa

killer,andmostofthetimewe'reright.Boys(1)about

85%ofallyouthhomicides,andinthosecasesabout90%

(2)apatterninwhichthe1inefrombadparentingandbad

(3)tomurderisusuallyclear.Theirlivesstartwith

abuse,neglectand(4)deprivationathome.Addthe

effectsofracism,poverty,thedrugandgangcultures,andit

isnot(5)thatinaviolentsocietylikeours,(6)

childrenbecomedeadlyteens.

(7)whatabouttheother10%ofkidswhokill:theboys

whohave(8)parentsandarenotpoor?Aretheirparents

toblamewhenthesekidsbecome(9)?

Mostchildrendofinewhileyoungenoughtobe(10)by

lovingparents,butchangeasadolescentssubjectedtopeer

competition,bullyingandrejection,(11)inbighigh

schools.The"normal“cultureofadolescencetodaycontains

elementsthataresonastythatitbecomeshardforparentsto

(12)betweenwhatinateenager'stalk,dressandtaste

inmusic,filmsandvideogamesindicates(13)troubleand

whatissimplya(14)ofthetimes.Mostkidswhohave

multiplebodypiercing,orlistentoMarilynManson,orplay

thevideogamesarenormalkidscaughtinatoxic(15)

Intelligentkidswithgoodsocialskillscanbequiteskillful

athidingwhotheyreallyarefromtheirparents.Theymaydo

thisto(16)punishment,toescapebeingidentifiedas

“crazy”,ortoprotecttheparentstheylovefrombeing

(17)orworried.Anyway,howmanyparentsare(18)

ofthinkingtheworstoftheirson一(19),thatheharbors

murdersfantasies,orthathecould(20)sofarasacting

themout.

A.complete

B.commit

C.submit

D.perform

2、(2)

A.conform,to

B.complywith

C.agreewith

D.applyto

3、⑶

A.situation

B.environment

C.condition

D.state

4、⑷

A.logical

B.sensational

C.emotional

D.rational

5、⑸

A.confusing

B.astonishing

C.bewildering

D.surprising

6、(6)

A.restricted

B.damaged

C.beloved

D.spoiled

7、(7)

A.However

B.But

C.Although

D.Otherwise

8、(8)

A.loving

B.strict

C.irresponsible

D.careless

9、(9)

A.offenders

B.defenders

C.killers

D.criminals

10、(10)

A.aroused

B.nurtured

C.flourished

D.whipped

IK(11)

A.particularly

B.uniquely

C.subsequently

D.naturally

12、(12)

A.recognize

B.detect

C.discover

D.distinguish

13、(13)

A.psychological

B.physical

C.spiritual

D.bodily

14、(14)

A.symptom

B.sign

C.mark

D.token

15、(15)

A.country

B.family

C.culture

D.school

16、(16)

A.avoid

5

B.accept

C.eliminate

D.create

17、(17)

A.depressed

B.encouraged

C.disappointed

D.amazed

18、(18)

A.capable

B.competent

C.able

D.efficient

19、(19)

A.thatis

B.suchas

C.forexample

D.atlast

20、(20)

A.run

B.go

C.come

6

D.arrive

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Overthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmetic

surgeryprocedures,likebreastenlargementandnosejobs,has

increasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DuiDavies,

ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmith,themajority

ofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysical

perfection.Rather,theyaredriventofantasticlengthsto

improvetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal."Whatwe

alllongforistolooknormal,andbeingnormaliswhatis

prescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternal

pressures.Theygiveusperceptionofwhatisphysically

acceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.”

InAmerica,thedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryis

normal;rather,itcentersonwhatagepeopleshouldbebefore

goingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberre

commends“maintenance“workforpeopleintheirthirties."The

ideathatwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationis

silly,“hesays."Bythen,you'vewasted20greatyearsofyour

lifeandal-lowedthingstogetoutofhand.z，Dr.Imberredraws

thelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18,however,“It

seemsthatsomeonewedon'tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrink

shouldn'tbeconsideringplasticsurgery”.

IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusive

domainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionalcost

oftreatmenthasfallensubstantially,bringingallbutthe

mostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.

Dr.Davie,whoclaimsto"eaterfortheaverageperson”,agrees.

Hesays:"Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullot

ofsecretaries.Ofcourse,￡3,000foranoperationisalot

ofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabout

halfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.

Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthe

fatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobe

treatedwithalocalanestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelped

promotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yet,asonewoman

whorecentlypaid￡2,500foranoperationtoremovecellulite

fromherthighsadmitted,theslopetobecomingacosmetic

surgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone."Ihadmylegsdone

becausethey(dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintothe

clinicstimulatedmyappetite.NowIdon'tthinkthere*sany

operationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit.

Accordingtothetext,thereasonforcosmeticsurgeryis

A.beingphysicallyhealthy.

B.lookingusual.

C.investingforlife.

D.improvingappearance.

2、

IntheUS,peopleargueabout

A.whetherpeopleunder18needcosmeticsurgery.

B.underwhatcircumstancepeopleshouldhavecosmetic

surgery.

C.atwhatagepeopleshouldhavecosmeticsurgery.

D.whethercosmeticsurgeryshouldcaterforaveragepeople.

3、

AccordingtoDr.GerardImberre,peopleshouldhavecosmetic

surgery

A.asearlyaspossible.

B.intheirthirties.

C.intheirteens.

D.whentheyneed.

4、

Accordingtoparagraph3,whatDr.Daviesaidimpliesthat

A.cosmeticsurgeryisworthhavingthoughitiscostly.

B.cosmeticsurgeryisnecessaryevenfortheaverageperson.

C.cosmeticsurgeryisbeyondthereachofmostpeople.

D.cosmeticsurgeryisextremelyexpensive.

5、

Itseemsthatthewomanmentionedinthelastparagraph

A.regretshavingtheoperation.

B.hopestohavemoreoperations.

C.hesitatesinchoosinganoperation.

D.loveshernewimage.

6、TheWorldWideWebhasbeensteadilycreatingawidespread

surgeinsocialcapitalthroughE-mailconversations,chat

rooms,newsgroups,ande-zones.Theseongoingconnectionsare

notanundergroundphenomenon,butamainstreammovementthat

israpidlyoverwhelmingtraditionalbusinessmodels,according

totheauthorsofanotherrecentbook,TheCluetrainManifesto.

“OurlongingfortheWebisrootedinthedeepresentmentwe

feeltowardsbeingmanaged,"writesco-authorDavidWeinberger,

acolumnistandcommentatorontheWeb'seffectonbusiness.

TheCluetrainManifestoarguesthatknowledgeworkersare

findingitintolerablethattheiremployersrequirethemto

speakinartificial,'businessvoices”.TheWebhasbecomethe

idealalternative:apublicplacewherepeoplecanconversein

their''authenticvoices”,outsideofanorganization,s

officialcommunicationschannel.

SomeofthesocialcapitalgeneratedbytheseindependentWeb

conversationsisbeingusedbyitscreatorstocircumventthe

authorityofcorporations.Forexample,acarownerwhothinks

hewasoverchargedforservicetohisvehiclepostsaninquiry

toanewsgroupforpeoplewhoownthesamemodelofear.Group

membersrespondwiththeiradviceandpersonalexperiencesof

gettingtheirowncarsserviced.Thenewsgroupisnotownedor

controlledbythecarcompany.Infact,amechanicemployedby

thecarcompanyparticipatesintheconversation,offeringhis

knowledgeofwhatchargesarereasonableandhowcompany

policiesvaryfromdealertodealer,andevensuggestingwhich

dealershipsofferthebestservice.

Accordingtoco-authorRickLevine,themechanic"wasspeaking

forhiscompanyinanewway:honestly,openly,probablywithout

hisboss'sexplicitsanction.Ineffect,anemployeeofthe

companyindependentlyjoinedanetworkofconsumerstodirectly

helpsatisfyacustomer.''Companiesneedtoharnessthissort

ofcaringandletitsviralenthusiasmbecommunicatedin

employees,ownvoices,“writesLevine,formerWebArchitectfor

SunMicrosystem'sJavaSoftwaregroup.

Asmoreandmorepeopleworkonlineandform.Webrelationships,

sharedknowledgecouldbecomeincreasinglypersonalin

cyberspace.Whetherbusinessjoinsintheconversationsornot,

itseemslikelythatthisfast-growingstrainofsocialcapital

willremainvaluableforthosewhohelptocreateit.

Theword/，overwhelming,，(Paragraph1)probablymeans

A.helpingwith.

B.creatingby.

C.substitutingfor.

D.arisingfrom.

7、

Employeeslikeon-lineconversationduringthebusiness

because

A.theywillnotbemanagedanddirectedbyothers.

B.theycallspeakwhatevertheywant.

C.theyarefreetochoosetheirownbusinesspartner.

D.theycanhaveaperson-to-personcommunication.

8、

Employeeswithon-linerelationshipscanbenefitthecompany

because

A.theycanofferhelptocustomersasfriends.

B.theyalegoodatdisguisingtheirrealpurpose.

C.theyknowhowtodeceivetheiron-linefriends.

D.theycanmakemoresellingthroughtheiron-linerelations.

9、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthecompany

A.actuallycanmakeuseofthepersonalon-linerelationships.

B.breaksthemoralsillusingpersonalon-linerelationships.

C.isforcedtousetheon-linecommunication.

D.requiresitsemployeestobuildon-linerelationships.

10、

Accordingtothepassage,whatdoessocialcapitalreferto?

A.Personalrelationships.

B.Web-relationships.

C.Corporaterelationships.

D.Businessrelationships.

11、MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflight

fromtherealityofdeath.Oneofthestrikingqualitiesofthe

Americancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefact

ormeaningofdeath.InthemoresombertraditionofAmerican

literature一fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknerand

Hemingway一onefindsatragicdepththatdisguisesthesurface

thinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffort

不______Q

q13

oftheimagination,thegreatwritersfacedproblemsthatthe

cultureinactionisreluctanttoface一thefactofdeath,its

mystery,anditsplaceintheback-and-forthshuttlingofthe

eternalrecurrence.Theunblinkingconfrontationofdeathin

Greektime,theelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenaroundit

intheMiddleAges,theritualcelebrationofitintherich,

peasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitive

cultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.

Whetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepths,orbecauseofa

dryingupofthefloodgatesofreligiousintensity,the

Americanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswith

it;hefindsitmorbidandmovesbackfromit,surroundingit

withwordavoidance(Americansneverdie;they“passaway")and

varioustaboosofspeechandpractice.A"funeralparlor”is

decoratedtolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremony

isdoneinhushedtones,asifitweresomethingsecret,tobe

concealedfromtheworld;thereissomuchemphasisonbeing

dignifiedthattheceremonyoftenlosesitsquality:ofdignity.

Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyin

under-standingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandeven

unintelligible.Livinginascientificculture,Americanshave

areadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,yettheyshowlittle

capacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwith

thegriefthataccompaniesit.

“Wejubilateoverbirthanddanceatweddings,“writesMargaret

Mead,“butmoreandmoredealwiththedeathoffthescene

withoutceremony,withoutanopportunityforyoungandoldto

realizethatdeathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth."And

onemayadd,eveninitshurryandbrevity,thelaststageof

anAmerican'slifemthelastoccasionofthisrelationtohis

society—isasstandardizedastherest.

Unwillingnesstofacedeathis

A.acharacteristicofAmericansociety.

B.aqualityfoundinallcivilizations.

C.aqualityinheritedfromourLatinancestors.

D.aqualityoftheAmericancharacter.

12、

InthenovelsofHawthorneandMelville,onewillfind

A.ordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.

B.awillingnesstoacceptdeathasafactoflife.

C.asuperficialattitudetowarddeath.

D.thefoundationofmodernAmericanbeliefsaboutdeath.

13、

Whatis/waspeople'sattitudetowordsdeath?

A.InAmericanlife,peoplehardlymentionthedeath.

B.IntheMiddleAges,deathwassurroundedbyrespect.

C.Inprimitivecultures,deathwasfacedwithawe.

D.InGreektimes,people,wereafraidoffacingdeath.

14、

Intheauthor'sopinion,Americansrefusetodwe11ontheidea

ofdeath

A.outoffearoftheemotionaldepths.

B.becausetheyarenolongerintenselyreligious.

C.becausetheyarematerialists.

D.eitheroutofdreadorlackofreligiousbeliefs.

15、

MargaretMeadsuggeststhat

A.weshouldnotrejoiceatabirth.

B.weshouldcryatabirthandrejoiceatafuneral.

C.aweddingshouldbesolemnaffair.

D.deathshouldbeacceptedinthesamespiritasmarriageand

birth.

16、Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeof

employer一governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleorno

impactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.

Howeverifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itis

uniikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentand

privateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegree

ofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentials

associatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureof

governmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmost1ikelythat

discriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,one

wouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,

governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen's

earningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivate

employment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthis

assumption.Fuchs'resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomen

inanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswould

by14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninan

industrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,other

thingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthatthe

effectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsof

self-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeither

governmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearnings

ofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselecteda

largesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970

Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:private

employees,governmentemployees,andself-employed(Black

workerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingup

earningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracial

disparities).Brown'sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,

labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andagein

ordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy5s

results.Brown'sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenot

treatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,

self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivate

employmentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorder

isreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown'sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminate

againstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomen

mayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesand

mayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancial

institutions.

Brown，sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs，argument

thatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactonthe

earningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernment

orprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetter

workingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthat

privateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.The

resultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminate

againstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernment

isdiscriminatingwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingas

mucheffectonwomen'searningsasisdiscriminationinthe

privatesector.

Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

A.givinganexample.

B.justifyinganassumption.

C.explainingatheory.

D.makingacomparison.

17、

Thepassageexplicitlyanswersthequestion

A.whysuppliersdiscriminateagainstself-employees.

B.whyBlackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampleusedin

Brown'sstudy.

C.whyprivateemployersdiscriminatemoreagainstwomenthan

governmentemployersdo.

D.whyself-employedwomenhavemoredifficultyinhiring

high-qualityemployees.

18、

Astudyofpracticesoffinancialinstitutionswithno

discriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendto

contradict

A.Fuchs'hypothesis.

B.Sanborn'shypothesis.

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor.

D.someexplicitresultsofBrown，sstudy.

19、

Theauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreethat

A.privateemployersdiscriminateagainstwomen,but

governmentemployersdonotdiscriminate.

B.privateemployersdiscriminateagainstwomenanditis

possiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminatetoo.

C.bothprivateandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewith

equaleffectsonwomen'searnings.

D.bothprivateandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,but

thediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffect

onwomen'searnings.

20、

Itcanbeinferredthatthestatementsinthelastparagraph

aremostprobably

A.Brown，stentativeinferencesfromhisdata.

B.Brown'sconclusionsbasedoncommonsensereasoning.

C.theauthor,scriticismsofFuchs'argumentwhicharebased

onBrown，sresults.

D.theauthor(sconclusionswhicharebasedonFuchs'and

Brown'sresults.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadanarticlewhichisfollowedbyalist

ofexamplesorheadings.Choosethemostsuitableonefromthe

listA-Fforeachnumberedposition(41-45).Theremaybe

certainextrawhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

A.Messagetransmissioninthebodyfromthechemical

perspective

B.Howfoodinfluencesmoodandmind

C.Substancescontainedinsomefoodscanimprovebrainpower

D.Anexampleoftheinfluenceoffoodonmindandmood

E.Foodproduceschemicalmessengersinthebrain

F.Theeffectsandapplicationofneurotransmitters

Hippocrates,the“FatherofMedicine”,said,“Letyourfoodbe

yourmedicine,andletyourmedicinebeyourfood."ForaGreek

borninthefifthcenturyB.C.,Hippocrateswaswisebeyondhis

time.Today,weknowthatalow-fatdietrichinwholegrains,

fruits,andvegetablesstrengthenstheimmunesystemand

reducestheriskofcancer,heartdisease,andstroke.But,

Hippocrates,lendanear!There'smoretothestory.New

evidencesuggeststhatfoodmayinfluencehowhealthypeople

thinkandfeel.Werehealivetoday,Hippocratesmightlookback

tohislastmealtoexplainhischeerful(orsour)mood.Hemight

alsochangehiseatinghabitstobecomehappierorsmarter.

(41).

Imagineyourselflyinginbed,yourmindinturmoil.Youtoss

andturn,butsleepwon，tcome.Maybeabedtimesnackwouldhelp.

Whatshouldyouchoose?Ifyouthinkfirstoftoasterwaffles

orpopcorn,someexpertswouldsayyou'reontherighttrack.

Foodshighincomplexcarbohydrates一suchascereals,potatoes,

pasta,crackers,orricecakes一makemanypeoplerelaxedand

drowsy.

Tryonemore.Youhaveamathtestcomingupintheafternoon.

Youwanttobesharp,butyouusuallyfeelsleepyafterlunch.

Isyourbestchoiceanenergyfixoffriesandashakeora

broiledchickenbreastandlow-fatyogurt?Ifyoupickthe

high-fatfriesandshake,youmayfeelsluggishandblowthat

test.Theprotein-richchickenandyogurtarebetterchoices.

Proteinfoodsenergize,someexpertssay.

(42).

Howdoesfood'affectmoodandmind?Theanswermaylieinthe

chemistryofthebrainandnervoussystem.Moleculescalled

neurotransmittersarechemicalmessengers.Theycarryanerve

impulseacrossthegapbetweennervecells.Thereleaseof

neurotransmittermoleculesfromoneneuronandtheir

attachmenttoreceptorsitesonanotherkeepanerveimpulse

moving.Nerveimpulsescarrymessagesfromtheenvironmentto

thebrain,forexample,thepainyoufeelwhenyoustubyour

toe.Theyalsocarrymessagesintheotherdirection,fromthe

braintothemuscles.That,swhyyoubackawayfromtheobstacle

thatinitiatedthepainsignalandexclaim,"Ouch!”

(43).

“Manyneurotransmittersarebuiltfromthefoodsweeat,“says

neuroscientistEricChudleroftheUniversityofWashington.

Toolittleortoomuchofaparticularnutrientinthedietcan

affecttheirproduction,Chudlersays.Forexample,tryptophan

fromfoodssuchasyogurt,milk,bananas,andeggsisrequired

fortheproductionoftheneurotransmitterserotonin.

(44).

Dozensofneurotransmittersareknown;hundredsmayexist.

Theireffectsdependontheira-mountsandwheretheyworkin

thebrain.Theneurotransmitterserotonin,forexample,is

thoughttoproducefeelingsofcalmness,relaxation,and

contentment.Drugsthatpreventitsreuptake(intotheneuron

thatreleasedit)areprescribedtotreatdepression.Inat

leastsomehealthy,non-depressedpeople,carbohydratefoods

seemtoenhanceserotoninproductionandproducesimilar

effects."Itisthebalancebetweendifferent

neurotransmittersthathelpsregulatemood,“Chudlersays.

(45).

Propernutritionmaya