寫作巧借閱讀打造滿分小作文

托福小作文-

巧借閱讀打造滿分小作文

徐瑩瑩獨(dú)家深入解析閱讀部分，瞬間提高綜合小作文聽力筆記秘密全公開，如口譯一樣回答綜合寫作小作文的框架閱讀聽力寫作常見誤區(qū)1.小作文不用練習(xí)，上考場(chǎng)自然就會(huì)了2.小作文考得差，都怪我聽力不好3.聽力筆記就是寫單詞上去，單詞記得越多越好4.寫作就是把閱讀和聽力的都寫上去在我羅里吧嗦前大家先練下手先練習(xí)TPO3小作文記閱讀和聽力筆記，不用寫出來待會(huì)兒可以上傳你們的筆記上來，后面老師會(huì)點(diǎn)評(píng)閱讀聽力的框架論點(diǎn)論據(jù)例證聽力如何反駁閱讀1.聽力論點(diǎn)直接反駁閱讀論點(diǎn)2.聽力論據(jù)/例證來反駁閱讀論據(jù)/例證

必須要關(guān)注閱讀進(jìn)一步展開的部分，

找準(zhǔn)論據(jù)和例證如何圍繞論點(diǎn)展開的。常被忽視的閱讀部分閱讀正確的打開方式：開頭段開頭段框架：背景句+論點(diǎn)句重點(diǎn)抓論點(diǎn)—全文討論的話題閱讀正確的打開方式：中間段1.抓第一句論點(diǎn)句2.進(jìn)一步展開內(nèi)容1）概括-具體2）過程的關(guān)鍵詞/反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的單詞3）例子：專有名詞開扒TPO3閱讀部分Rembrandtisthemostfamousoftheseventeenth-centuryDutchpainters.However,therearedoubtswhethersomepaintingsattributedtoRembrandtwereactuallypaintedbyhim.OnesuchpaintingisknownasPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet.ThepaintingwasattributedtoRembrandtbecauseofitsstyle,andindeedtherepresentationofthewoman’sfaceisverymuchlikethatofportraitsknowntobebyRembrandt.But

thereareproblemswiththepaintingthatsuggestitcouldnotbeaworkbyRembrandt.First,thereissomethinginconsistentaboutthewaythewomanintheportraitisdressed.

Sheiswearingawhitelinencapofakindthatonlyservantswouldwear-yetthecoatsheiswearinghasaluxuriousfurcollarthatnoservantcouldafford.Rembrandt,whowasknownforhisattentiontothedetailsofhissubjects’clothing,wouldnothavebeenguiltyofsuchaninconsistency.Theinconsistencybetweenthewoman’swhitelinencapandfurcoat;Rembrandtisverydetailoriented.Second,Rembrandtwasamasterofpaintinglightandshadow,butinthispaintingtheseelementsdonotfittogether.Thefaceappearstobeilluminatedbylightreflectedontoitfrombelow.But

belowthefaceisthedarkfurcollar,whichwouldabsorblightratherthanreflectit.Sothefaceshouldappearpartiallyinshadow-whichisnothowitappears.Rembrandtwouldneverhavemadesuchanerror.Finally,examinationofthebackofthepaintingrevealsthatitwaspaintedonapanelmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogether.AlthoughRembrandtoftenpaintedonwoodpanels,nopaintingknowntobebyRembrandtusesapanelgluedtogetherinthiswayfromseveralpiecesofwood.聽力部分Everythingyoujustreadabout"PortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet"istrue,andyetafterathoroughre-examinationofthepainting,apanelofexpertshasrecentlyconcludedthatit'sindeedaworkbyRembrandt.Hereiswhy.

First,thefurcollar.X-raysandanalysisofthepigmentsinthepainthaveshownthatthefurcollarwasn'tpartoftheoriginalpainting.Thefurcollarwaspaintedoverthetopoftheoriginalpaintingaboutahundredyearsafterthepaintingwasmade.Why?Someoneprobablywantedtoincreasethevalueofthepaintingbymakingitlooklikeaformalportraitofanaristocraticlady.Second,thesupposederrorwithlightandshadow.Oncethepaintoftheaddedfurcollarwasremoved,theoriginalcouldbeseen.Intheoriginalpainting,thewomaniswearingasimplecollaroflight-coloredcloth.Thelight-coloredclothofthiscollarreflectslightthatilluminatespartofthewoman'sface.That'swhythefaceisnotinpartialshadow.Sointheoriginalpainting,lightandshadowareveryrealisticandjustwhatwewouldexpectfromRembrandt.Finally,thewoodpanel.Itturnsoutthatwhen

thefurcollarwasadded,thewoodpanelwasalsoenlargedwithextrawoodpiecesgluedtothesidesandthetoptomakethepaintingmoregrandandmorevaluable.Sotheoriginalpaintingisactuallypaintedonasinglepieceofwood,aswouldbeexpectedfromaRembrandtpainting.Andinfact,researchershavefoundthatthepieceofwoodintheoriginalformof"PortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet"isfromtheverysametreeasthewoodpanelusedforanotherpaintingbyRembrandt,his"Self-portraitwithaHat".筆記demo滿分范文Thelecturerevisestheideapresentedinthetext,thatRembrandtwasnottheartistwhopaintedthefamouspainting"PortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet”.Theinconsistencybetweenthewhitecap,whichidentifiesthewomanasaservant,andtheexpensivefurcollarshewearsdissolvesastheProfessorexplainsthatthefurcollarwasapparentlypaintedovertheoriginalpaintingtoincreaseitsworthbydisplayinganaristocraticwoman.Inaddition,theassumptionthatlightandshadowinthepaintingdonotfittogetherisrefutedbythefactthatintheoriginalpainting,whenthedarkfurcollarwasremoved,thewomanworealight-colorcloththatilluminatedherface.Thusthepresentationoflightandshadowwasindeedveryrealisticandaccurate,asitischaracteristicofRembrandt’spaintings.Finally,themysteryofthepanelconsistingofpatchesgluedtogetherisalsosolvedinthelecture.Actually,thewoodpanelwaslaterenlargedtomakeitmoregrandandvaluable,buttheoriginalpaintingwaspaintedonasinglepanel,asRembrandtwouldhavedoneit.Furthermore,thewoodisofthesametreeusedinotherRembrandtpaintings,likethe"Self-PortraitwithaHat”.再來一篇TPO30的練習(xí)大家先做閱讀和聽力部分，可以把筆記發(fā)上來。TPO30Alittleover2,200yearsago,theRomannavyattackedtheGreekportcityofSyracuse.Accordingtosomeancienthistorians,theGreeksdefendedthemselveswithaningeniousweaponcalleda“burningmirror”:apolishedcoppersurfacecurvedtofocustheSun’sraysontoRomanships,causingthemtocatchfire.However,wehaveseveralreasonstosuspectthatthestoryoftheburningmirrorisjustamythandtheGreeksofSyracuseneverrallybuiltsuchadevice.

First,theancientGreekswerenottechnologicallyadvancedenoughtomakesuchadevice.Amirrorthatwouldfocussunlightwithsufficientintensitytosetshipsonfirewouldhavetobeseveralmeterswide.Moreover,themirrorwouldhavetohaveaverypreciseparaboliccurvature(acurvaturederivedfromageometricshapeknownastheparabola).Thetechnologyformanufacturingalargesheetofcopperwithsuchspecificationsdidnotexistintheancientworld.Second,theburningmirrorwouldhavetakenalongtimetosettheshipsonfire.Inanexperimentconductedtodeterminewhetheraburningmirrorwasfeasible,adeviceconcentratingtheSun’sraysonawoodenobject30metersawaytooktenminutestosettheobjectonfire;andduringthattime,theobjecthadtobeunmoving.ItisunlikelythatRomanshipsstayedperfectlystillforthatmuchtime,Suchaweaponwouldthereforehavebeenveryimpracticalandineffective.Third,aburningmirrordoesnotseemlikeanimprovementonaweaponthattheGreeksalreadyhad:flamingarrows.Shootingatanenemy’sshipswithflamingarrowswasacommonwayofsettingtheshipsonfire.Theburningmirrorandflamingarrowswouldhavebeeneffectiveataboutthesamedistance.SotheGreekshadnoreasontobuildaweaponlikeaburningmirror.聽力部分Theclaimsthattheburningmirrorwouldhavebeenimpracticalandtechnologicallyimpossibleareunconvincing.

First,theGreeksdidnotneedtoformasinglesheetofcoppertomakealarge,burningmirror.Anexperimenthasshownthatdozensofsmallindividuallyflatpiecesofpolishedcoppercouldbearrangedintoaparabolicshapeandformalarge,burningmirror.TheGreekmathematiciansknowthepropertiesoftheparabolaandsocouldhavedirectedtheassemblyofsmallmirrorpiecesintotheparabolicshape.Second,abouthowlongitwouldtaketosetashiponfirewithaburningmirror.Theexperimentthereadingselectionmentionsassumesthattheburningmirrorwasusedtosetthewoodoftheboatonfire,that’swhattakestenminutes.ButRomanboatswerenotmadejustofwood.Therewereothermaterialsinvolvedaswell.Forexample,tosealthespacesbetweenwoodenboardsandmakethemwaterproof,theancientboat-buildersusedastickysubstancecalledpitch.Pitchcatchesfirequickly.Anexperimentshowedthatpitchcouldbesetonfirebyaburningmirrorinseconds.Andoncethepitchwasburning,thefirewouldspreadtothewoodeveniftheshipwasmoving.Soaburningmirrorcouldhaveworkedquicklyenoughtobeaneffectiveweapon.Third,whybotherwithaburningmirrorinsteadofflamingarrows?Well,Romansoldierswerefamiliarwithflamingarrowsandwouldhavebeenwatchingforthemandwerereadytoputoutthefirestheymightcause.Butyoucannotseetheburningraysfromamirror.Youjustseethemirror.Butthensuddenlyandmagicallyafirestartsatsomeunobservedplaceontheship,thatwouldhavebeenmuchmoresurprisingandthereforemuchmoreeffectivethanaflamearrow.筆記demo滿分模板綜合寫作模板1

Thereadingpassagestatesthat...Theprofessoropposesthisstatement.Inthelecture,s/herevealsthreepiecesofevidencetosupporthis/herperspective.

First,whereasthereadingpassageassumesthat...（閱讀的分論點(diǎn)+一兩句論述）,theprofessorarguesinthelecturethat...(聽力細(xì)節(jié))Apparently,theprofessor'sargumentdivergesfromitscounterpartinthereading.

Inaddition,despitetheargumentinthereadingthat..,（閱讀的分論點(diǎn)+一兩句論述）theprofessordemonstratesthat...（聽力細(xì)節(jié)）Inotherword,..(轉(zhuǎn)述聽力的第二個(gè)分論點(diǎn))

Finally,th