胡壯麟《語言學(xué)教程》（第5版）章節(jié)題庫（1-4章）【圣才出品】

胡壯麟《語言學(xué)教程》（第5版）章節(jié)題庫（1-4章）【圣才出品】第1章語言學(xué)導(dǎo)論Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof_____communication.【答案】verbal【解析】語言是一種口頭交流的手段。2.Theterm_____originatesfromMalinowski’sstudyofthefunctionsoflanguageperformedbyTrobriandIslanders.Itreferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.【答案】phaticcommunion【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于確立和維持人際關(guān)系的表達(dá)，最先由Malinowski提出。3.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof_____.【答案】language【解析】語言學(xué)是對(duì)語言的科學(xué)研究。4.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_____features.【答案】design【解析】人類語言區(qū)別于其他動(dòng)物交流系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)是語言的區(qū)別特征，是人類語言特有的特征。5.Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.Thisqualityislabeledas_____.【答案】displacement【解析】移位性是指人類語言可以讓使用者在交際時(shí)用語言符號(hào)代表時(shí)間和空間上不可及的物體、事件和觀點(diǎn)。6.By_____ismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.【答案】duality【解析】雙重性是指擁有兩層結(jié)構(gòu)的這種屬性，底層結(jié)構(gòu)是上層結(jié)構(gòu)的組成成分，每層都有自身的組合規(guī)則。7.Hallidayproposesatheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage,thatis,languagehas_____,interpersonalandtextualfunctions.【答案】ideational【解析】韓理德將兒童的語言功能范圍逐漸縮小，簡化成為一套高度符號(hào)化和抽象化的功能：概念、人際、語篇功能。8.Ourlanguagecanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.Thisisthe_____functionoflanguage.【答案】metalingual【解析】語言的元語言功能是指語言可以用來討論語言本身。9._____functionisrealizedbymoodandmodality.【答案】Interpersonal【解析】人際功能通過語氣情態(tài)實(shí)現(xiàn)。10.Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunctionis_____function.【答案】Interpersonal【解析】人際功能是語言最重要的社會(huì)功能，人們由此建立和維持他們的身份和社會(huì)地位。11.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_____overwriting.【答案】speech【解析】語言學(xué)研究是以口頭為基礎(chǔ)而不是書面。12.Whenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanexchanginginformationorideas,itsfunctionis_____function.【答案】phatic【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于確立和維持人際關(guān)系的表達(dá)，例如俚語、玩笑、行話、禮節(jié)性的問候、社會(huì)方言或地域方言的轉(zhuǎn)用等。13.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe_____studyoflanguage.【答案】scientific【解析】語言學(xué)通常被定義為研究科學(xué)的語言，或?qū)φZ言的科學(xué)研究.。14.Bydualityismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsofthe_____levelarecomposedofelementsofthe_____levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.【答案】primary,secondary【解析】雙重性是指擁有兩層結(jié)構(gòu)的這種屬性，底層結(jié)構(gòu)是上層結(jié)構(gòu)的組成成分，每層都有自身的組合規(guī)則。15.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled_____.【答案】Morphology【解析】形態(tài)學(xué)研究詞語的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)組織。16._____mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.【答案】Phonetics【解析】語音學(xué)研究語音，以及語音的描寫和分類。17.Semanticsand_____investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.【答案】pragmatics【解析】語義學(xué)研究詞作為詞的意義，語用學(xué)是在語境中研究意義。18.Inlinguistics,_____referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentence.【答案】syntax【解析】句法學(xué)研究形成正確句子的規(guī)則。19._____canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.【答案】Pragmatics【解析】語用學(xué)是在語境中研究意義。20.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_____.【答案】syntax【解析】句法學(xué)研究語言中組合成句子的支配規(guī)則，或簡單地說，研究句子的構(gòu)造。21.Psycholinguisticsisconcernedprimarilywithinvestigatingthepsychological_____oflinguisticstructures.【答案】reality【解析】心理語言學(xué)研究語言與意識(shí)之間的聯(lián)系，實(shí)質(zhì)就是心理活動(dòng)與語言結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系。22.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)as_____and_____.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.【答案】langue;parole【解析】語言指一個(gè)語言集團(tuán)的所有成員共享的抽象語言系統(tǒng)，言語是指語言在實(shí)際使用中的實(shí)現(xiàn)。23._____grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguage,while_____grammarstellpeoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.Mostcontemporarylinguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursnaturallyinthelanguageshouldbedescribed.【答案】descriptive;prescriptive【