黑龍江省哈爾濱市巴彥縣華山鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)上學(xué)期期末生物試題

2024屆高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)聯(lián)考(四)新高考卷英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回?？荚嚂r(shí)間為120分鐘，滿分150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Today’sweather.B.Judy’sweekend.C.Judy’scousin.2.Howwillthewomanpayatlast?A.Incash.B.Bycheck.C.Bycreditcard.3.WhatisAngelagoingtodotoday?A.Practisemartialarts.B.Visithergrandparents.C.Workinagrocerystore.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atabarber’s.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inaclothingstore.5.Whathelpdoesthemanneed?A.TobedriventotheairportB.TosendJohntotheairport.C.Tohavehiscarfixedtoday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。更多課件教案等優(yōu)質(zhì)滋元可家威杏MXSJ663聽第6段材料，回答第6、7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whatdothespeakersneedtodoaccordingtotheman?A.Respondtothedemandsofthecustomers.B.Participateinthecompanycontest.C.Giveanametoanewproduct.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Turningtoaconsultingcompany.B.Akingforthecustomers’opinions.C.Organizinganunusualmeeting.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10三個(gè)小題。8.Whendidtheflightattendantseethebackpack?A.Aftertheplanelanded.B.Whenthelittlegirldroppedit.C.Whilethewomanwasbrushingherteeth.9.Whendidthewomangetherluggage?A.Atabout7:00.B.Atabout8:30.C.Atabout10:00.10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheairport.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasecurityoffice.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13三個(gè)小題。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthegasolineprice?A.It’slow.B.It’shigh.C.It’snormal.12.What’sLucy’slastconsiderationwhenbuyingacar?A.Safetyissues.B.Fuelconsumption.C.Thesizeofanengine.13.Whyaresomehi-techdevicesbuiltinthesegreencarsaccordingtotheman?A.Tomaketheirpriceslower.B.Tomakethempolluteless.C.Tosatisfycustomers’needs.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16三個(gè)小題。14.Whatisthespeakers’attitudetowardsthechangeofmanners?A.Positive.B.Unconcerned.C.Dissatisfied.15.Whatdidthespeakersusetodointheafternoon?A.Playoutside.B.Havealightsleep.C.Lookaftertheirkids.16.Whydoesthewomanthinkithardtohaveparties?A.Shecan’tfindgoodplacesforthem.B.Sheneverknowswhotoinvite.C.She’snotsurewhomaycome.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20四個(gè)小題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?AGivingalecture.B.HostingaTVtalkshow.C.Introducingacourseofinterviews.18.Whatadvicedoesthespeakerofferabout“howtospeak”?A.Speakloudly.B.Don’tspeaktoofast.C.Keepyourvoicelowerthanusual.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbodylanguage?A.Smilingmakesonelookpretty.B.Propersittingmannersmakeoneappearrelaxed.C.Keepingeyecontactshowsone’sopennessandhonesty.20.Whathelpstoimpresstheinterviewerinthefirstplace?A.Appropriatebodylanguage.B.Thebeautifulvoice.C.Thewayoneisdressed.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMuch-loved100-Word-StoryCompetitionOurmuch-loved100-Word-StoryCompetitionisback!Enterforthechancetowinprizesofupto?1,000.RulesandprizesPleaseensurethatsubmissionsareoriginal,notpreviouslypublishedandexactly100wordslong(notincludingtitle).Don’tforgettoincludeyourfullname,address,emailandphonenumberwhenfillingintheform.Wemayuseentriesinallprintandelectronicmedia.Termsandconditions:Therearethreecategories—oneforadultsandtwocategoriesforschools(oneforchildrenaged12-18andoneforchildrenunder12).●Intheadultscategory,thewinnerwillreceive￡1,000andonerunner-upwillreceive￡250.●Inthe12-18scategory,thewinnerwillreceivea￡200bookvoucher(代金券)oraKindlePaperwhiteanda?100bookvoucherfortheirschool,andtherunner-upwillreceivea￡100bookvoucher.●Intheunder-12category,thewinnerwillreceivea￡100bookvoucheroraKindlePaperwhiteanda￡50bookvoucherfortheirschool,andtherunner-upwillreceivea￡50bookvoucher.Pleasesubmityourstoriesby5pmonJanuary5,2024eitheronlineorbypostaddressedto:Reader’sDigest00WordStoryCompetitionWarmersGroupPublicationsWestStreet,BournePE109PHTheeditorialteamwillpickashortlistofentries,andthethreebeststoriesineachcategorywillbepostedonlineatreadersdigest.co.ukonFebruary1,2024.Youcanvoteyou’reyourfavourite,andtheonewiththemostvoteswillwinthetopprize.VotingwillcloseonFebruary29,2024andthewinningentrieswillbepublishedinourMay2024issue,andpostedonlineonApril16,2024.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthewritingeventfromthetext?A.Itwillpickout6bestentries. B.Eachentryis100wordsorfewer.C.Onlystudentsover12canenterit. D.Entriescanbeinelectronicversion.2.Whatwilltherunner-upgetinthe12-18scategory?A.AKindlePaperwhite. B.A￡100bookvoucher.C.￡250inprizemoney. D.AnissueofReader’sDigest.3.Whencanweknowwhothewinnersare?A.OnJanuary5,2024. B.OnFebruary1,2024.C.OnApril16.2024. D.OnFebruary29,2024.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文?！蹲x者文摘》將舉辦深受讀者歡迎的百字故事大賽。本文主要介紹了大賽的對(duì)象、內(nèi)容、要求、獎(jiǎng)品設(shè)置和時(shí)間等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Termsandconditions部分“Pleasesubmityourstoriesby5pmonJanuary5,2024eitheronlineorbypost(請(qǐng)?jiān)?024年1月5日下午5點(diǎn)之前通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)或郵寄方式提交您的故事)”可知，參賽作品可以是電子版的形式。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Termsandconditions部分“Inthe12-18scategory,thewinnerwillreceivea￡200bookvoucheroraKindlePaperwhiteanda￡100bookvoucherfortheirschool,andtherunner-upwillreceivea￡100booksvoucher.(在12-18歲組別中，獲勝者將獲得200英鎊的圖書代金券或KindlePaperwhite和100英鎊的學(xué)校圖書代金券，亞軍將獲得100英鎊的圖書代金券。)”可知，12-18歲組別的亞軍將獲得100英鎊的學(xué)校圖書代金券。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theeditorialteamwillpickashortlistofentries,andthethreebeststoriesineachcategorywillbepostedonlineatreadersdigest.co.ukonFebruary1,2024.Youcanvoteyou’reyourfavourite,andtheonewiththemostvoteswillwinthetopprize.VotingwillcloseonFebruary29,2024andthewinningentrieswillbepublishedinourMay2024issue,andpostedonlineonApril16,2024.(編輯團(tuán)隊(duì)將挑選入圍作品，每個(gè)類別中的三篇最佳故事將于2024年2月1日發(fā)布在readersdigest.co.uk網(wǎng)站上。你可以投票選出你最喜歡的，得票最多的人將獲得最高獎(jiǎng)。投票將于2024年2月29日結(jié)束，獲獎(jiǎng)作品將發(fā)表在我們2024年5月刊上，并于2024年4月16日發(fā)布在網(wǎng)上。)”可知，到2024年4月16日，我們才能看到獲勝者名單。故選C。BWejustgotbackfromaweeklongtripthroughNewMexicowherewetraveledthroughdesertlandscapes,hikedupmountains,andwalkedthroughdrycreekbeds.WeexperiencednatureandwildlifethatwasvastlydistinctfromwhatI’veseenbefore.We’velivedinAtlantafor25yearssoitwasquiteachangefromour“cityinaforest”.MyhusbandandIwerejoinedbyouradultsonwhonowlivesinSanDiegoandisalittlemorefamiliarwiththewest.Weliketovisitnationalparksandexploreinterestingecosystems.InNewMexico,everythingseemedstrikingandamazing.StartinginAlbuquerque,wetookatramuptheSandiaPeakintheSandiaMountains,wherewehadfantasticviewsaswewatchedparasailersfloatoffintotheunendingsky.WethendrovetoAbiquiu,thetownwhereartistGeorgiaO’Keeffewassoinspired.Westayedatalovelyhomeprettymuchinthemiddleofnowhere.First,wenoticedthebreathtakingsetting.Thenwenoticedtheants:billionsoftinyantsweremarchingallovertheoutsideoftheproperty.Theywerecarryingoffafewofthenativebeesthathadfallentothegroundnearthehouse.Oncewewereawakenedinthemiddleofthenightbyhowling(嚎叫)thatwasbothstrangeandmusical.Weweretoldaboutthecoyotes(郊狼)thatsharethearea,soweweren’tsurprisedwhenwewokeupthenextmorningtosomeprettyimpressivepawprintsrightoutsidethebackdoor.Onourfinalmorninghikebeforeheadingsouthinthestate,weevenspottedalargesnakecurleduponthepath,enjoyingthewarmmorningsun.Westayedfaroutofitswaybutcertainlywatchedourstepsalittlemorecarefully.Wetalkedaboutsustainabilitythroughoutthetrip.Inthepastseveraldecades,there’sbeensomuchnoticeablechangeinourtraveladventures.Thatwillbegreattokeeptheskiescleanerandsaveenergy.Andthecoyotesandsnakescanbelefttodanceandenjoyinpeace.4.Whatwasthefamily’sfirstimpressionofthetriptoNewMexico?A.Itwasfamiliartotheminmanyaspects.B.Itwasdangerousbuttotallyfreshforthem.C.Itwassimpleandplainwithlittletoexplore.D.Itwasquitedifferentfromtheirpreviousexperiences.5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sexperienceinNewMexico?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Conventional. D.Regretful.6.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.It’sbeneficialforustotakeanadventuretour.B.It’sthreateningtolivewithwildlifearound.C.It’snecessarytoboostsustainabletourism.D.It’sdifficulttokeepthebalanceofecosystem.7.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areflectioninatraveljournal. B.Anessayabouttheplansfortraveling.C.Aguidebooktoanewdestination. D.Anintroductionofanewtypeoftraveling.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者在新墨西哥州旅行的經(jīng)歷和感悟。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“WeexperiencednatureandwildlifethatwasvastlydistinctfromwhatI’veseenbefore.(我們體驗(yàn)了與我以前看到的截然不同的自然和野生動(dòng)物)”可知，這家人對(duì)新墨西哥之行的第一印象是這與他們以前的經(jīng)歷大不相同。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“StartinginAlbuquerque,wetookatramuptheSandiaPeakintheSandiaMountains,wherewehadfantasticviewsaswewatchedparasailersfloatoffintotheunendingsky.(從阿爾伯克基出發(fā)，我們乘坐有軌電車登上桑迪亞山脈的桑迪亞峰，在那里我們看到了奇妙的景色，我們看著滑翔傘漂浮在無邊無際的天空中)”，“Thenwenoticedtheants:billionsoftinyantsweremarchingallovertheoutsideoftheproperty.(然后，我們注意到了螞蟻：數(shù)十億只小螞蟻在院子外面到處移動(dòng))”，第四段“Oncewewereawakenedinthemiddleofthenightbyhowling(嚎叫)thatwasbothstrangeandmusical.Weweretoldaboutthecoyotes(郊狼)thatsharethearea,soweweren’tsurprisedwhenwewokeupthenextmorningtosomeprettyimpressivepawprintsrightoutsidethebackdoor.(有一次，我們?cè)诎胍贡患绕婀钟謵偠暮拷畜@醒。我們被告知這片區(qū)域有郊狼，所以當(dāng)我們第二天早上醒來時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)后門外面有一些令人印象深刻的爪印時(shí)，我們并不感到驚訝)”和“Onourfinalmorninghikebeforeheadingsouthinthestate,weevenspottedalargesnakecurleduponthepath,enjoyingthewarmmorningsun.(在我們向南出發(fā)前的最后一次早晨徒步旅行中，我們甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)一條大蛇蜷縮在小路上，享受著早晨溫暖的陽光)”可知，他們欣賞了美麗的風(fēng)景，看到了螞蟻結(jié)隊(duì)，聽到了郊狼的嚎叫還看到了蛇，這次旅行對(duì)他們來說那是經(jīng)歷很豐富的，eventful符合題意。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wetalkedaboutsustainabilitythroughoutthetrip.Inthepastseveraldecades,there’sbeensomuchnoticeablechangeinourtraveladventures.Thatwillbegreattokeeptheskiescleanerandsaveenergy.Andthecoyotesandsnakescanbelefttodanceandenjoyinpeace.(我們?cè)诼猛局幸恢痹谡務(wù)摽沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展。在過去的幾十年里，我們的旅行經(jīng)歷發(fā)生了如此明顯的變化。這將是偉大的保持天空清潔和節(jié)約能源。郊狼和蛇就可以自由自在地跳舞和享受了)”可推知，最后一段作者想要傳達(dá)的信息是促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是必要的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀文章，文章第一句“WejustgotbackfromaweeklongtripthroughNewMexicowherewetraveledthroughdesertlandscapes,hikedupmountains,andwalkedthroughdrycreekbeds.(我們剛從新墨西哥州進(jìn)行了為期一周的旅行回來，在那里我們穿越了沙漠，爬山，走過了干涸的河床)”寫到自己剛從新墨西哥州旅游回來，中間寫到了旅行經(jīng)歷，最后一段“Wetalkedaboutsustainabilitythroughoutthetrip.Inthepastseveraldecades,there’sbeensomuchnoticeablechangeinourtraveladventures.Thatwillbegreattokeeptheskiescleanerandsaveenergy.Andthecoyotesandsnakescanbelefttodanceandenjoyinpeace.(我們?cè)诼猛局幸恢痹谡務(wù)摽沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展。在過去的幾十年里，我們的旅行經(jīng)歷發(fā)生了如此明顯的變化。這將是偉大的保持天空清潔和節(jié)約能源。郊狼和蛇就可以自由自在地跳舞和享受了)”寫到了旅行感悟。由此推知，文章最有可能來自旅游雜志的個(gè)人回憶和反思。故選A。CInanefforttohelpeco-consciousconsumers,anonprofitgroupFree-GoinGeneva.Switzerlandismakingpublicfridgesavailable,sorestaurantowners,at-homecooksandotherscanusethemtogiveawayfoodbeforeitgoesbad.It’spartofabiggereffortbycommunitiesinSwitzerlandtodotheirpartfortheenvironmentwhilehelpingtocutdownonfoodwaste.Theprogramcostsabout840,000toruneachyearandenjoysthesupportfrombothcharitygroupsandthecitygovernment.ItlaunchedayearagowithasinglefridgeoutsideacommunitycenterinwesternGenevaanditnowhasfourfridges,placedaroundtown.Afifthoneisplannedbeforeyear’send.Passers-bycangrabfruit,vegetables,breadandotherfoodfromthefridgestotakehomeforfree.MarineDelevauxistheproject’sdirector.Shesaidthefoodleftinitsfridgesisgenerallysnappedupwithinanhourafterdelivery.Forhealthandlegalreasons,nofrozenfoods,openfoodcontainers,preparedmeals,oralcoholarepermittedinthefridges.Contributorsoffoodfromtheprivatesector—likerestaurants—mustpromisetoensurethedonatedfoodissafetoeat.Free-Goisalsoexperimentingwithscheduledpickupsatapartmentbuildingstomakeiteasierforresidentstoparticipateintheprogram.Ithasalsosetupa“hotline”thatrestauranteurscanusetocallforgettingbackunusedfood.“Generally,whenthefoodcollectedfromshopsandrestaurantsarrivesinthemorning,peoplearealreadywaitingtohelpthemselves,”Delevauxsaid,addingthatthefirstGenevafridgehelpedsavesome3.2tonsoffoodfromgoingtowastelastyear.Becausethefoodisfree,andthedonationscanchange,it’suncertainwhatwillturnupinthefridges.Somepeoplereceivingfoodmightendupbeingdisappointed.Cuendetisa54-year-oldteacher.Justafterleavingsomevegetablesthatshegrew,shesaid,“Wehavetoomuch”andpraisedtheprogram“becausethisneighborhoodhasalotofneed.”8.What’sthegoalofthenonprofitgroupFree-Go?A.Toenhancecommunities’ties. B.ToreducefoodwasteinGeneva.C.Tostresstheimportanceofenvironment. D.Topromoteenergy-savingfridges.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“snappedup”inparagraph3?A.Takenaway. B.Eatenup. C.Soughtfor. D.Chargedfor.10.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Citizens’remarksonwastedfood.B.Localrestaurants’newfunctions.C.Free-Go’simprovementsandcontributions.D.Free-Go’spraiseandencouragementfordonors.11.Whymaysomepeoplebeupsetaboutthefood?A.Thereisacollectionofjunkfood.B.Thetasteoffoodalwaysstaysthesame.C.Somefoodsareoutoftherecommendeddate.D.Theymightnotgetwhattheywantorneed.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是瑞士的一個(gè)非營利組織Frce-Go正嘗試使用公共冰箱以減少食物浪費(fèi)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“It’spartofabiggereffortbycommunitiesinSwitzerlandtodotheirpartfortheenvironmentwhilehelpingtocutdownonfoodwaste.(這是瑞士社區(qū)在幫助減少食物浪費(fèi)的同時(shí)為環(huán)境盡一份力的更大努力的一部分。)”可知，這是瑞士日內(nèi)瓦社區(qū)為環(huán)境盡自己的一份力量，同時(shí)幫助減少食物浪費(fèi)的更大努力的一部分。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語前后“Shesaidthefoodleftinitsfridgesisgenerally(她說留在冰箱的物品一般情況會(huì)被……)”和“withinanhourafterdelivery.(在送貨后一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi))”可知，此處指的是留在冰箱里的食物通常在留下后一小時(shí)內(nèi)被……，結(jié)合劃線短語后的“Forhealthandlegalreasons,nofrozenfoods,openfoodcontainers,preparedmeals,oralcoholarepermittedinthefridges.(出于健康和法律原因，冰箱里不允許存放冷凍食品、開放式食品容器、預(yù)制食品或酒精。)”可知，在冰箱里存放的食物不能是冷凍食品、開放式食品容器、預(yù)制食品或酒精，以確保食物的安全健康，由此可知推斷，因?yàn)槭澄飼?huì)很快被“取走”，所以不允許放置冷凍食品、開放式食品容器、預(yù)制食品或酒精，故劃線短語的意思與“取走”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Free-Goisalsoexperimentingwithscheduledpickupsatapartmentbuildingstomakeiteasierforresidentstoparticipateintheprogram.Ithasalsosetupa“hotline”thatrestauranteurscanusetocallforgettingbackunusedfood.(Free-Go也在嘗試在公寓樓里安排接送，讓居民更容易參與到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中來。它還設(shè)立了一條“熱線”，餐館老板可以利用這條熱線打電話取回未食用的食物)”可知，F(xiàn)ree-Go還在嘗試在公寓樓進(jìn)行定時(shí)接送服務(wù)，還設(shè)立了一條“熱線”，這些舉措不僅方便了居民，而且減少了食物浪費(fèi)由此可推知，本段主要談?wù)摰氖荈ree-Go的改進(jìn)及貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Becausethefoodisfree,andthedonationscanchange,it’suncertainwhatwillturnupinthefridges.Somepeoplereceivingfoodmightendupbeingdisappointed.(因?yàn)槭澄锸敲赓M(fèi)的，而且捐贈(zèng)可以改變，所以不確定冰箱里會(huì)有什么。一些收到食物的人最終可能會(huì)感到失望。)”可知，食物是免費(fèi)且捐贈(zèng)還可以改變，冰箱里有什么不會(huì)總是很清楚，由此可知，一些接受食物的人可能無法得到他們想要或需要的東西。故選D項(xiàng)。DGlobalwarmingiscausingproblemsforbirdsinSwedenandelsewhere.Warmerspringsmeanthatcaterpillars(毛毛蟲)hatchandgrowearliercomparedwithjustafewdecadesago.Thishasconsequencesforbirdsthatcannoteatpropercaterpillars.Therefore,whenthefoodsupplyrunsoutataneverearliertimeinthespring,moreandmorebabybirdsstarveduringthebreeding(繁殖)season.ThisisabigproblemformigratorybirdsthatspendwintersinAfrica,astheydonotknowhowearlyspringarrivesinSweden.“Wethoughtthatperhapsthemigratorybirdscouldflyfurthernorthuntiltheyfindaplacewithsuitablewell-developedcaterpillars,”saysNilsson,biologyresearcheratLundUniversityinSweden.Totestthisinpractice,theresearchersdecidedtohelpsomepiedflycatchers(斑背鹟)alongtheway.ThebiologistscaughtpiedflycatchersthathadarrivedpriortobreedingintheNetherlands.ThebirdswerethendrivenduringthenighttoVombsFure,anareaofpineforestoutsideLundinSkane,wheretheywerereleased.ThepeakofcaterpillaravailabilityinSkaneisabouttwoweekslaterthanintheNetherlands—adistanceofaround600kilometresthatapiedflycatchercouldcoverinjusttwonights.“ThebirdsthatweregivenaliftfromtheNetherlandstoSkanesynchronized(同步)verywellwiththefoodpeak!Astheystartedtobreedabout10daysearliertheSwedishpiedflycatchers,theyhadadramaticallybetterbreedingsuccessthantheSwedishonesaswellasabettersuccessthanthepiedflycatchersthatremainedintheNetherlands,”saysNilsson.Inaddition,itwasshownthatthebabybirdsofthepiedflycatchersthathadreceivedmigrationassistancearrivedearlierduringthemigrationseasontofindSkane.“Thenumberofsmallbirds,particularlymigratorybirds,hasdecreaseddrasticallythroughoutEurope.Byflyingalittlefurthernorth,thesebirds,atleastinprinciple,couldsynchronisewiththeirfoodresourcesandthereishopethatpopulationsofsmallbirdscanbemaintained,eventhoughspringsarearrivingeverearlier,”addsNilsson.12.What’stheproblemformigratorybirdsspendingwintersinAfrica?A.Globalwarmingaffectstheirnaturalhabitats.B.Theirbabiessufferalotfromfoodshortage.C.TheyreturntoSwedenearliercomparedwithdecadesago.D.Onlyafewofthemcanreturntothenorthernhabitatasusual.13.WhyweresomepiedflycatchersdriventoVombsFure?A.Theyweresotimedthattheycan’ttallyanymore.B.Theypreferredtothewarmerclimatethere.C.Theycouldbeprovidedwithsufficientfoodresources.D.Theyweremisledbytheresearchersduringthenight.14.What’sNilsson’sattitudetowardsmigratorybirds’flyingfurthernorth?A.Positive. B.Critical. C.Unclear. D.Neutral.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MigratoryBirdsAreattheGreatRiskofGlobalWarmingB.ScientistsAreUsingHigh-TechToolstoStudyMigratoryBirdsC.HumanBeingsCanLiveinHarmonywithMigratoryBirdsD.MigratoryBirdsCanBeTaughttoAdjusttoClimateChange【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了全球變暖對(duì)瑞典和其他地方的鳥類產(chǎn)生的影響，以及科學(xué)家如何通過實(shí)驗(yàn)幫助鳥類應(yīng)對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Therefore,whenthefoodsupplyrunsoutataneverearliertimeinthespring,moreandmorebabybirdsstarveduringthebreeding(繁殖 )season.ThisisabigproblemformigratorybirdsthatspendwintersinAfrica,astheydonotknowhowearlyspringarrivesinSweden.(因此，當(dāng)食物供應(yīng)在春天較早的時(shí)候耗盡時(shí)，越來越多的幼鳥會(huì)在繁殖季節(jié)餓死。對(duì)于在非洲過冬的候鳥來說，這是一個(gè)大問題，因?yàn)樗鼈儾恢廊鸬涞脑绱菏侨绾蔚絹淼?”可知，因?yàn)樵绱涸诜侵捱^冬的候鳥回到瑞典時(shí)，給幼鳥食物可能已經(jīng)耗盡了，所以非洲過冬候鳥的幼鳥會(huì)遇到食物短缺的問題。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThebirdswerethendrivenduringthenighttoVombsFure,anareaofpineforestoutsideLundinSkane,wheretheywerereleased.ThepeakofcaterpillaravailabilityinSkaneisabouttwoweekslaterthanintheNetherlands—adistanceofaround600kilometresthatapiedflycatchercouldcoverinjusttwonights.(然后，這些鳥在夜間被趕到斯科訥隆德郊外的一片松樹林中的Vombsfuture，在那里被釋放。在丹麥，毛毛蟲的高峰期比荷蘭晚兩周左右，一只斑背鹟只需兩個(gè)晚上就可以飛大約600公里的距離)”可知，斑背鹟被驅(qū)趕到Vombsfuture是因那里可以為它們提供充足的食物源。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Nilsson的話“Byflyingalittlefurthernorth,thesebirds,atleastinprinciple,couldsynchronisewiththeirfoodresourcesandthereishopethatpopulationsofsmallbirdscanbemaintained,eventhoughspringsarearrivingeverearlier(通過向北飛一點(diǎn)，這些鳥，至少在原則上，可以與它們的食物資源同步，即使春天來得更早，也有希望保持小鳥的數(shù)量)”可知，Nilsson認(rèn)為讓候鳥向北飛是有好處的，所以持積極的、支持的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段中“Wethoughtthatperhapsthemigratorybirdscouldflyfurthernorthuntiltheyfindaplacewithsuitablewell-developedcaterpillars,(我們認(rèn)為，也許候鳥可以繼續(xù)向北飛，直到它們找到一個(gè)有適合的發(fā)育良好的毛毛蟲的地方)”和最后一段中“Thenumberofsmallbirds,particularlymigratorybirds,hasdecreaseddrasticallythroughoutEurope.Byflyingalittlefurthernorth,thesebirds,atleastinprinciple,couldsynchronisewiththeirfoodresourcesandthereishopethatpopulationsofsmallbirdscanbemaintained,eventhoughspringsarearrivingeverearlier(在整個(gè)歐洲，小型鳥類，尤其是候鳥的數(shù)量急劇減少。通過向北飛一點(diǎn)，這些鳥，至少在原則上，可以與它們的食物資源同步，即使春天來得更早，也有希望保持小鳥的數(shù)量)”可知，文章介紹了氣候變化引起的早春導(dǎo)致候鳥的幼鳥食物不足，但這一問題可以通過教會(huì)候鳥向北飛一點(diǎn)，到達(dá)有充足的食物源的地方來解決。所以“MigratoryBirdsCanBeTaughttoAdjusttoClimateChange(可以教候鳥適應(yīng)氣候變化)”是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thereisanabundanceofinternationalacademicconferencestodayascomparedtothepast.Thisbringsustoasimplequestion,“Whyshouldoneattendaninternationalacademicconference?”Belowaresomereasonswhypeoplesaytheyattendtheconferences.PresentingapaperPresentingapaperisoneofthemainobjectivesofanacademicconferenceparticipant.Thepresenterswillhavethechancetopresentapaperinfrontofcolleaguesofthesameorsimilarfieldsofstudy.___16___.Theexchangeofideasonfieldsofinterestsseedsthelinksforfuturecooperationacrosstheworld.NetworkingforfuturecooperationAttendingtheconferencesisanopportunitytobuildnetworkswithotheracademicsandexpertsinthesameorsimilarfieldofstudiesallaroundtheworld.Itisanopportunitytoexpandknowledgeandupgradeperformanceincompletinginstitutionalobjectives.___17___.Asyoustepupandattendconferencesyoubuildanetworkofpeoplewhocanraiseyourabilityofworktogreaterheightsasyouachievesharedobjectives.___18___Meetingnewpeoplewithdifferentculturesenlightensyourwayofthinkinginyourfieldofstudy.Youwillwitnessmanydifferentaspectsandsolutionswhichexistonthesameissues.You’llalsohavethechancetosocializewithyourcolleaguesatcoffeebreaks,lunchesandsocialactivities.TravellingAnacademicconferenceisagreatwaytohavea“break”.Youcanbefreefromyouracademicresponsibilitiesattheuniversityanddiscoverdifferentcitiesoftheworld.___19___.Intoday’sfastchangingworld,attendingaconferencehasbecomea“must”tosurviveinanacademicdiscipline.___20___sothenumberofconferencesandparticipantshaveincreaseddramatically.A.SocializationandtheculturefactorB.Themotivationfromlike-mindedindividualsC.TheyprovideaccesstovariousresearchactivitiesD.ManyacademicshavebecomeawareofthisfactE.Beassuredthatyou’llfeelrelaxedandrefreshedaftertheconferenceF.TheywillbeabletoreceivepositiveconstructivecriticismabouttheirresearchG.Itbringstogetherpeoplewhoshareacommondisciplinefromdifferentpartsoftheworld【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了參加國際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的好處和重要性?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Presentingapaperisoneofthemainobjectivesofanacademicconferenceparticipant.Thepresenterswillhavethechancetopresentapaperinfrontofcolleaguesofthesameorsimilarfieldsofstudy.(發(fā)表論文是學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議參與者的主要目標(biāo)之一。演講者將有機(jī)會(huì)在相同或類似研究領(lǐng)域的同事面前展示一篇論文。)”和后文的“Theexchangeofideasonfieldsofinterestsseedsthelinksforfuturecooperationacrosstheworld.(在共同關(guān)心的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行交流，為今后世界各國的合作播下了紐帶。)”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(他們將能夠收到關(guān)于他們的研究的積極的、建設(shè)性的批評(píng)。)承接上文，指出參加學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的人員可以面對(duì)面地進(jìn)行交流，下文指出交流帶來的好處，故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Attendingtheconferencesisanopportunitytobuildnetworkswithotheracademicsandexpertsinthesameorsimilarfieldofstudiesallaroundtheworld.Itisanopportunitytoexpandknowledgeandupgradeperformanceincompletinginstitutionalobjectives.(參加會(huì)議是一個(gè)與世界各地相同或類似研究領(lǐng)域的其他學(xué)者和專家建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)的機(jī)會(huì)。這是在完成制度目標(biāo)的過程中擴(kuò)大知識(shí)和提升績效的機(jī)會(huì)。)”和后文的“Asyoustepupandattendconferencesyoubuildanetworkofpeoplewhocanraiseyourabilityofworktogreaterheightsasyouachievesharedobjectives.(隨著你的晉升和參加會(huì)議，你建立了一個(gè)人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他們可以在你實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)的同時(shí)，把你的工作能力提高到更高的水平。)”可知，G項(xiàng)(它把來自世界不同地區(qū)的有著共同學(xué)科的人們聚集在一起。)承接上文，指出了參加會(huì)議為何是一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)，人們可以聚在一起進(jìn)行探討，后文講的是這樣做能夠帶來的好處，即個(gè)人水平會(huì)得到不斷的提升。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段的“Meetingnewpeoplewithdifferentculturesenlightensyourwayofthinkinginyourfieldofstudy.Youwillwitnessmanydifferentaspectsandsolutionswhichexistonthesameissues.You’llalsohavethechancetosocializewithyourcolleaguesatcoffeebreaks,lunchesandsocialactivities.(結(jié)識(shí)不同文化背景的人會(huì)啟發(fā)你在學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的思維方式。你會(huì)看到在同樣的問題上存在著許多不同的方面和解決方案。你還將有機(jī)會(huì)在休息時(shí)間、午餐時(shí)間和社交活動(dòng)中與同事交流。)”可知，本段的關(guān)鍵字眼是社交和文化，與不同文化背景的人進(jìn)行交流會(huì)帶來好處，A項(xiàng)(社交和文化因素)可以總領(lǐng)本段內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Anacademicconferenceisagreatwaytohavea“break”.Youcanbefreefromyouracademicresponsibilitiesattheuniversityanddiscoverdifferentcitiesoftheworld.

(學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議是“休息”的好方法。你可以從大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)責(zé)任中解脫出來，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上不同的城市的魅力所在。)”可知，E項(xiàng)(請(qǐng)放心，會(huì)議結(jié)束后你會(huì)感到放松和精神煥發(fā)。)承接上文，指出了參加學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議可以讓你遠(yuǎn)離繁重的學(xué)術(shù)研究，體會(huì)輕松的感覺。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Intoday’sfastchangingworld,attendingaconferencehasbecomea“must”tosurviveinanacademicdiscipline.

(在當(dāng)今瞬息萬變的世界，參加會(huì)議已經(jīng)成為在一個(gè)學(xué)科中生存的必須。)”和后文的“sothenumberofconferencesandparticipantshaveincreaseddramatically.(因此，會(huì)議和參與者的數(shù)量急劇增加。)”可知，D項(xiàng)(許多學(xué)者已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這一事實(shí)。)承接上文，學(xué)者意識(shí)到的“事實(shí)”指的便是參加學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議的必要性，因此越來越多的人開始參加學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。FormanyyoungCanadians,plantingtreesismorethanjustajob.It’sawayof___21___anditcouldbecatchingon,thankstoapopular___22___byLeslie.Whileworkingforaloggingcompany,the29-year-oldfilmedherselfusingthe___23___methodthatallowedhertoplant4,545treesinasingleday.Shesaidthattheworkisincredibly___24___.Plantingtreesisnoteasywork,accordingtoLeslie.Notonlyisit___25___tiring,butitalsoexposeslaborerstothebadweather.“Itcouldstartthedayoff___26___andthenminuteslater,itwilljustberainingorsnowing.Yo