四級(jí)作文主體段落透析

作文主體段落透析及擴(kuò)展方法1．段落的構(gòu)成段落通常有三部分組成：（1）主題句，它告訴讀者在這個(gè)段落討論的核心內(nèi)容是什么，主題句一般不添加細(xì)節(jié)；（2）擴(kuò)展句，說明或支持主題，一般由2-3句構(gòu)成，進(jìn)一步解釋主題句要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，添加細(xì)節(jié)并提出理由；（3）結(jié)論句，因?qū)懽黠L(fēng)格有兩種形式，要么總結(jié)該段，要么為引領(lǐng)讀者進(jìn)入下一段做鋪墊。也有些干脆不寫結(jié)論句。示范段落：

Weallknowthatcigarettesmokingisadangeroushabitbecauseitcauseshealthproblems.Doctorssayitcanbeadirectcauseoflungcancerandthroatcancerand,canalsocontributetocancerinotherorgans.Inaddition,itcanbringaboutotherhealthproblemssuchasheartandlungdiseases.Itisclearlyidentifiedasoneofthechiefcausesofdeathinoursociety.2．主題句的形式主題句通常有兩種形式：（1）肯定句。例如：IndividualAustraliansarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforrecyclingtheirhouseholdwaste.（2）反詰句。例如：Howdoyouthinkpeoplewillsolvetheproblemofwildlifeprotection?3．如何寫主題句（1）使用限制詞限定主題

好的主題句經(jīng)常使用關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，即限制性詞限制這一觀點(diǎn)，以防止段落過于松散。例如：Airtravelismoreconvenientthantrainforatleastthreereasons.（2）注意主題的可寫性所寫的主題不能太籠統(tǒng)，也不能太具體。例如：Raisingadogmaycausethespreadofrabies.→→Raisingpetswillbeharmfultohumanhealth.再例如：Nowlet’stalkaboutsomethingaboutoverpopulation.→→Thereasonsforthegrowthoftheworldpopulationinrecentdecadesareobvious.在原因、主語和時(shí)間方面限制了主題。（3）選擇大眾化的觀點(diǎn)一鳴驚人或獨(dú)辟蹊徑，論證的難度大，已落入自己的陷阱不能自拔。采用人們普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)比較穩(wěn)妥，因?yàn)檠潘伎荚囍饕强疾檎Z言運(yùn)用能力而不是對(duì)問題認(rèn)識(shí)的深度。雅思Task2作文主體段落擴(kuò)展方法

1．因果法因果法通常有明顯的表示因果關(guān)系的連接詞，如because,asaresultof,inconsequence等。Preventativemedicinehasprovedtobethemostefficientwayofreducingtheincidenceoffatalchildhooddiseases.Asaresultofthewidespreadpracticeofimmunizingyoungchildreninoursociety,manyliveshavebeensavedandthediseaseshavebeenreducedtoalmostzero.2．比較對(duì)比法比較和對(duì)比基本一致，不同的是比較強(qiáng)調(diào)兩事物的共性，對(duì)比強(qiáng)調(diào)兩事物的區(qū)別。Animportantaspectoftravellinginagroupisthatwhenanemergencytakesplace,yourfriendwillgiveyouahandimmediately.Tosomeextent,travelersusuallyfacesomerisks.Whenyouclimbahighmountain,youcannotavoidbeinghurtbythornsorrocks.Ifyouarealoneandarehurtseriously,howbaditiswithouthelp.However,Ifyouarewithfriends,theycancarryyourbag,preparefoodforyouandshareyourloneliness.Lonelinesssharedisnomoreloneliness.Youwillfeelwarmthandforgetyourpains.Maybeyoucanresumeyourtravellingsoon.3．舉例法以forexample,forinstance,anillustrationofit,acaseinpoint等引出例子來佐證觀點(diǎn)。要注意的是，例子要恰當(dāng)且能支持觀點(diǎn)，其次，例子不宜過多，不超過兩個(gè)為好，否則冗長乏味。Somelessonsofthehumanitiescanbetaughtinanentertainingandenjoyableway.Forexample,whenateacherishavingalanguageclass,hecantellstudentssomeinterestingstoriestomakethelessonentertaining.Hecanalsoaskstudentstotellstoriesinclassthemselvesororganizethemtohaveadiscussiononsomecontroversialproblemsinsociety.Whenateacherishavingahistorylesson,hecantellsomeinterestinganecdotesofsomehistoricalcharacterstomakethelessonvivid.Butsomelessonsofsciencecanhardlybetaughtinanentertainingandenjoyablewayandtheymustbepresentedinaseriousandformalway.Forexample,mathematicsisabstractandthusamathlessoncanneverbetaughtinafunway.4．分類法對(duì)概念中所包含的事物進(jìn)行分門別類，加以敘述。采用這種方法的段落并沒有標(biāo)志突出的連接詞，所述各項(xiàng)均為平行并列關(guān)系，所以沒有明顯的主次之分。Wecanthussaythatwhiletheaveragehumanbeingisamixture,somepeoplearemainly“digestion-minded”,some“muscle-minded”,andsome“brain-minded”,andcorrespondinglydigestion-bodied,muscle-bodies,orbrain-bodied.Thedigestion-bodiedpeoplelookthick;themuscle-bodiedpeoplelookwide;andthebrain-bodiedpeoplelooklong.5．事實(shí)與數(shù)據(jù)法以數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)的方式給主題句有意義的信息。Agoodparentalattitudedefinitelyhelpsachild’sschoolprogress.RecentstudiesconductedintheUShaveshownthatAsianstudentsareoftenhigherachieversinschoolthantheirAmericancounterpartsbecauseAsianparentsusuallytakeamoreactiveinterestintheirchildren’seducation.Educationallymindedparentscaninfactcompensatetoacertainextent