高三英語語法知識(shí)

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)（1）

非謂語動(dòng)詞之不定式知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

非謂語動(dòng)詞一共三種

1不定式

?ISUKT時(shí)

?todo

2分詞

?現(xiàn)在分詞

?過去分詞

3動(dòng)名詞

不定式

不定式的功旎（t。do）

1當(dāng)名詞

2當(dāng)形容詞

Ihavesomethingtodo.

3當(dāng)副詞

?Icametoseeher.

名詞不定式的用法

1作主語，表示意愿或者未完成的事，可用it替代

Iknowwhatitistobeindebt.

2作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，但不作介詞的賓語

Iwanttoseehim.

?thinkof+n想到

?anticipatedoingsomething期^

?名詞不定式不可以直接作不及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，要用形式賓語it代替

3作表語

有do無to原則

Allyouhavetodo/AllIcando/Whatyoushoulddo/AllIdid

yesterdayisdosomething

形容詞不定式的用法

1后位修飾

2可等于關(guān)系代詞作主語引導(dǎo)的定語從句

Ihavenofriendtoadviseme.=Ihavenofriendwhocanadviseme.

3可等于關(guān)系代詞作賓語引導(dǎo)的定語從句

Therearemanysightstoseehere.=Therearemanysightswhichwe

canseehere.

被修飾的名詞一定要作不定式短語中的賓語，否貝蛾要作介詞的賓語

Givemeachairtositin.

be動(dòng)詞之后的形容詞不定式有下列意義

?主動(dòng)的

表將來Heistocometomorrow.

表義務(wù)=should

Youaretodoit.

?被動(dòng)的

表當(dāng)然=should

Suchalazymanistobefired.

表可能=can

Myhatwasnowheretobefound.

副詞不定式的用法

?修飾動(dòng)詞，置于動(dòng)詞之后

Hehasagreedtodoit.

?修飾形容詞，置于形容詞之后

Heisapttolie.

他爰說謊。

?修飾副詞，置于副詞之后

Heisoldenoughtogoswimmingalone.

Heistoooldtoswim.

不定式若出現(xiàn)在主語之前，一定具有形容詞功能來修飾這個(gè)主語

所以該不定式所表示的動(dòng)作必須是它所修飾的主語的動(dòng)作

Topleaseher,asongwassung.錯(cuò)誤

Hesangasongto/soastopleaseher.

Hesangasongwithaneyeto/withaviewtopleasingher.

獨(dú)立不定式

用來修tf遨個(gè)句子，不必考慮主語是人是物，有時(shí)作插入語

?Totellthetruth

?Tobefrankwithyou

?Todohimjustice,hehasdonehisbest.平心而論,他已經(jīng)盡力了。

?Tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是

?Heisnice,tobesure,butIdon,tlikehim.

?Heis,sotospeak,arascal.可以這么說，使用時(shí)一定插入在be動(dòng)詞和名

詞之間

疑問詞+不定式二名詞短語

?wheretogo

?whentodoit

?howtoswim

?whattodo

?whichtobuy

?whomtosee

wherewhenhow疑問副詞不作不定式的賓語

whatwhichwhom疑問代詞作不定式中的賓語

Iamatalossastohowtodoit.（asto通常省略）

that從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式

Itseems/appears/happened/chancedthat簡(jiǎn)化為:

Heseemsto/appearsto

Ihappenedto/chancedto

Itissaid/reported/rumored/known/thought/believedthat簡(jiǎn)化

為：

Heissaid/reported/rumored/known/thought/believedtodo

如何變化

?時(shí)態(tài)相同，to之后力晦形動(dòng)詞

Itwassaidthathelovedmusicverymuch.

Hewassaidtolovemusicverymuch.

?時(shí)態(tài)不同，to后面加havedone

Itissaidthathewasathuginthepast.

Heissaidtohavebeenathuginthepast.

thug流氓

seemappear之后的tobe可以省略

prove

及物動(dòng)詞，證明

不及物動(dòng)詞，顯示，竟然是tobe+n/adj

Whathesaidprovedtobetrue.

prove/turnout后面的todo可以省略

o注意要力階詞

wishforVsWtWhS/hop■eforWsWthiAfor

oallowdoingsth

opermitdoinqsth

17WSAAA

表意愿的動(dòng)詞如用一般過去時(shí)+tohavedone=wouldhavedone

表示與過去事實(shí)相反，本來想…

expected/wanted/intended/hopedtohavedone=wouldhave

done=hadexpected/hadintendedtodo

was/weretohavedone=shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該懶P沒有做

不定式作主語，若最后一個(gè)詞是賓語，該賓語可以移到句首作主語

Topleasemyfatherishard.

myfatherishardtoplease.

不定式的省略

為避免垂，不定式可省略，但保留to

Wouldyouliketogodancingwithme?

Yes,rdbegladto.

不定式可形成感嘆句

Tothinkthatsuchalazyboyshouldhavepassedtheexam!

想想看這樣一個(gè)懶小子居然會(huì)考及格！

Iwaswatchingtheswallowsflytoandfro.

toandfro來回地

?makesbdosth

XAAAA.VWSAA

?sbismadetodosth

?donothingbutdosth

?choose/expect/want/desirenothingbuttodo

?beinterestedin/enjoynothingbutdoing/n

?cannotbutdosth=cannothelpdoinq=cannothelpbutdosth

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)（2）

分詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

分詞

分詞作形容詞

可置于名詞之前，修飾該名詞；亦可置于be動(dòng)詞之后，作表語

aconfusingquestion

Theteacherwasconfused.

如何判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞？

1表主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)

-表示令人…的，用現(xiàn)在分詞

.表示感到…的或受到…的，用過去分詞

Theboywascharmedwiththegirl'selegance.

2表進(jìn)行完成概念

?表示正在/即將…的,用現(xiàn)在分詞

?噫…的，用過去分詞

Theageingfatherfoundithardtodothework.正在老去的

Heisaged,buthestaysyoungatheart.F11經(jīng)卜年紀(jì)的

Wearesoldoutofthisbook.=Wehavesoldoutofthisbook.

Iamallsetfortheexam.

分詞作表語

be動(dòng)詞之后的表語

并非所有分詞均可當(dāng)形容詞用，有些視為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)

Hewaskillingthetermites.

?termite白蟻

及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓語補(bǔ)語

Iwantitdonerightaway.

不可作形容詞的分詞如何作補(bǔ)語？

1先檢查原來動(dòng)詞為及物還是不及物

_______他

他被我

把動(dòng)詞放入空格，意思合乎邏輯就是及物動(dòng)詞，否則就是不及物動(dòng)詞

2如果是及物動(dòng)詞，作》卜時(shí)有兩種分詞形態(tài)

?現(xiàn)在分詞+賓語

?過去分詞

Ifoundhimkillingcockroaches.

Ifoundthecockroacheskilled.

3若為不及物動(dòng)詞，一律變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞

Ifoundhimtrembling.

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補(bǔ)

形成方式與及物動(dòng)詞之后的賓補(bǔ)一樣

該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語也可以用介詞短語

Hetalkedtomewithapipeinhismouth.

還可以省略with和冠詞

Hecamehereguninhand.

Hetalkedtomepipeinmouth.

the+作形容詞用的分詞，可當(dāng)作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞使用

Theunexpectedhashappened.

thewounded傷者

分詞可以作副詞

有些現(xiàn)在分詞可以修飾形容詞，等于very

It'sfreezing/bitingcoldtoday.

Theteaisboilinghot.

Hewashoppingmadonhearinghisdismissal.

Wearehavingarippinggoodtime.

過去分詞也可以作副詞

Anestimated54peoplewerekilledintheaircrash.

AgreatmanystudentsaremoreandmoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.

少數(shù)形容詞也有副詞功能

Heisdeadwrong.

It*sawfulhottoday.

Theanswerisdoubtless/doubtlessly/withoutdoubt/undoubtedly

correct.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞變化

一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)初詞同時(shí)存在,被此一定要有連接詞相連，沒有的話：

若兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞要變成現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是be動(dòng)

詞，變成being之后要省略

?Heleftyoungandcamebackold.

?Hediedanobody.

?Wearebornequal.

若兩個(gè)初詞并非同時(shí)發(fā)生，而是有先后順序，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成t。do

?Hecameheretoseeme.

若兩個(gè)初詞有逗號(hào)相隔，而無連接時(shí)，就不必考慮先后贖序，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞一定要

變成現(xiàn)在分詞

?Helefthomeatsixinthemorning,arrivinghereaboutfourinthe

afternoon.

?Heranawayquickly,lookingasifsomethingterriblehadhappened.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)單句簡(jiǎn)化法

兩句在f,若無連接詞相連時(shí)，由攆一般子要化簡(jiǎn)，變成分詞短語。

規(guī)則：

兩句的主語相同，被化簡(jiǎn)的句子主語要?jiǎng)h除，主語不同則保留

垢的就司要盼司

若該動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞，變成being之后,可予以省略，但也可以不省略，以強(qiáng)調(diào)

因?yàn)椤囊馑?/p>

?Beingsickofstudying,heranawayfromhome.

?Thesunsetting,thecowboysrodebacktotheranch.

句中有主動(dòng)詞dodoesdid的時(shí)候，可直接刪除

?Hedidn'tintendtoseeher,heleftearly.

?Notintendingtoseeher,heleftearly.

句中有完成時(shí)助動(dòng)詞havehashad,要視為動(dòng)詞而變成現(xiàn)在分詞having

?Nothavingseenherforages,Imissher.

主語不同時(shí)形成的分雕構(gòu)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

?Thisbeingthecase,you'dbetterbecareful.

?Wewillgopicnickingtomorrow,weatherpermitting./ifweather

permits.

關(guān)系代詞作主語的限定性定語從句可化簡(jiǎn)為分詞短語

ThemanwhoistalkingtoMaryoverthereismyfather.

?刪除關(guān)系代詞

?麗^在笳司

?若是being,可予以省略

ThatmantalkingtoMaryoverthereismyfather.

非限定性定語從句一般不可化簡(jiǎn)為分詞短語

不過定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)為關(guān)系代詞+be+名詞時(shí)，仍可化簡(jiǎn)形成同位語

John,whoisagoodfriendofmine,studiedhard.

John,agoodfriendofmine,studiedhard.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句化簡(jiǎn)法

oncewhenwhileifunlessthough所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，若主從句主語相同，

亦可化簡(jiǎn)為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，方法與單句簡(jiǎn)化法一樣

?Iffree,I'IIgowithyou.

?Unlessotherwiseinstructed,youshoulddoasIsaid.

?Whilehere,Ihadagoodtime.

其中onceifunless所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句多限于主語+be+分詞/形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，

whenwhilethough則不受限制

Oncehavingmoney,I'IIbuyacar.錯(cuò)誤

表示身體組織的名詞可變成過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞

Ilovethebig-eyedgirl.

Doyouseethered-hairedgirlthere.

Theone-leggedsoldierwasahero.

abroken-heartedman

abare-footedboy

少數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)介詞使用

including

excluding

considering

regarding

concerning=about/on

Everyonelikesthemovie,excludingJohn./Johnexcluded./exclusiveof

John.

Consideringhisperformance,hecanbeagoodteacher.=His

performanceconsidered,hecanbeagoodteacher.

高三英語語法知識(shí)（3）

感嘆句和動(dòng)名詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概要

感嘆句

感嘆句均由How/What引導(dǎo)

1What+名詞+主語+動(dòng)詞

what為形容詞，多么的，后面一定要加名詞

?先將what放在句首

?再珞含有名詞作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語、表語、或作補(bǔ)語的句子放在后面

Whathehasabeautifulcar.

Whatheisagreatman.

Whatyouhavemadehimagoodboy.

?再珞此賓語表語或補(bǔ)語放在whatN后，句尾變成感嘆號(hào)

Whatabeautifulcarhehas!

Whatagreatmanheis!

Whatagoodboyyouhavemadehim!

2How+adj/adv+主語+動(dòng)詞

how在這里是副詞，譯為多么地，后面一定要加形容詞或副詞

?將How放在句首

?在how之后造一個(gè)含有形容詞或副詞的句子

Howheisgreat.

Howhestudiedhard.

?再將形容詞副詞放在how之后

Howgreatheis!

Howhardhestudied!

How后面還可以帶有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，但絕不可以接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者

不可數(shù)名詞

How+adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+主語+動(dòng)詞

?Howgreatamanheis!

?Whatagreatmanheis.

What可與單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞連用

?Whatgreatmentheyare!

?Whatgoodmusicitis!

但是how之后可以接manymuchlittlefew數(shù)量形容詞，再接復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)

名詞

?Howmanystudentsthereareintheclassroom!

?Howfewfriendshehas!

?Howlittletimeisleft!

?Howmuchmoneyhehasmade!

動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞作主語

此時(shí)可被形式主語it代替，將動(dòng)名詞移至句尾，改成不定式

?Itgivesmegreatpleasuretohelpothers.

在Itisnouse結(jié)構(gòu)中，真正主語仍為動(dòng)名詞

?Itisnousecryingover般過.milk.覆水難收。

?Itisnousereasoningwithsuchastubbornman.

?Itisofnouse/uselesstoreasonwithsuchastubbornman.

?Thereisnouse/nosense/nopointinreasoningwithsuchastubborn

man.和這樣固執(zhí)的人講理是沒用的。

動(dòng)名詞作be動(dòng)詞后面的表語

Seeingisbelieving.

動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語

?Hedetestsgambling.他惜恨賭博。

?contemp1latedoingsth

3wvwv

?fancydoinqsth

?recommenddoinqJVsSAtAhAAZ

?anticipatedoinqsth=expecttososth

?stopdoing1sth=quit/ceasedoingsth=ceasetodosth

,2jWWWWWW

?forbidsbtodosth

WWW

?forbiddoinqsth

下列動(dòng)詞可用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意思不變

likedislikelovehatecontinuebeginstart

動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語

?Nonewouldhavedreamedoftherebeingsuchaplace.做夢(mèng)也沒人想到

會(huì)有這樣一個(gè)地方。

?beworthdoing/n

?beworthyofn

?Itisworthwhiletoreadthatbook.

?Itpaystoreadthatbook.

?aworthwhilebook一本值得看的書

所有格與動(dòng)名詞的關(guān)系

Histeachingwellissomethingthatpleasesme.

Hisnotfinishingtheworkontimedisappointedme.

TheirhavinghelpedJohnwiththeworkwonourgreatadministration.

表示喜歡、厭惡'在乎之意的及物動(dòng)詞，如like,dislike,enjoy、mind等就

不可接that從句作賓語

補(bǔ)救方法，將that改為所有格+動(dòng)名詞

?Idon'tlikehissmokinghere.

?Idon'tenjoyJohn1sjoiningus.

?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?

=WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?

that從句亦不可直接作介詞的賓語

?Iamcuriousabouthisstayinguplateeverynight.

?Inspiteofmyhelpinghim,hefailed.

若that從句中的主語是物而不是人，就不用所有格，直接將主語作賓語，之后

接現(xiàn)在分詞

Inspiteofthesunshining,theairwasverycold.

在口語中，that從句的主語即使是人，也可以采用此結(jié)構(gòu)

?Iinsistedonhisgoingthere.

?Iinsistedhimgoingthere.

?Whatistheuseofhishelpingus?

?Whatistheuseofhimhelpingus?

動(dòng)名詞與作形容詞用的現(xiàn)在分詞均可以放在名詞前面，如何分辨呢？

初名詞+名詞后者有前者的功能，初名詞有“用來的意思

?awalkingstick

?asleepingcar

?adiningroom用來吃飯的房間，餐廳

若現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞，后者有前者的性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在分詞有“正在…"或"會(huì)..."之

意

?awalkingdictionary

?asleepingbaby

?abarkingdog

?Writinglettersisatryingjobforme.

?Thewritingoflettersisatryingjobforme.

?Asanoldsayinggoes,MHonestyisthebestpolicy."

?Don'tforgettotakeyourbelongingswithyou.belonging恒用復(fù)數(shù)

?Thereisnodoing=Itisimpossibletodo

?Itisnousedoing=Itisofnousetodo

?cannothelp/resist/refrainfrom/stopdoingsth=cannotbutdo=cannot

helpbutdo

?Hehadnosoonerhearditthanhecried.

?Hehadhardlyhearditwhenhecried.

?Hehadscarcelyhearditwhenhetried.

?Nosoonerhadhehearditthanhecried.

?Hardlyhadhehearditwhenhecried.

?Scarcelyhadhehearditwhenhecried.

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（4）

可作主語的詞類

任何一^）子一定由主語和動(dòng)詞形成.

有時(shí)候主語可以省略，形成析使句。祈使句之前省略了Youshould

祈使句的否定，在原形動(dòng)詞前面加Don-t

Don*tfoolaround.另11游手好閑。

名詞作主語

代詞作主語

動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語作主語

動(dòng)名詞作主語通常已知事實(shí)或首經(jīng)做過的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

不定式作主語通常表示意愿、目的穌完成的事

?Thereisnouse/sense/pointindoingsth

名詞性從句作主語

名詞性從句有三種

?that從句

?whether從句，由一般疑問句變來

?疑問詞從句，由特殊疑問句變來

who,what,which為疑問代詞，若在生主語，變成名詞性從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)不變?，

?Whocamehere?。

who,what,which為疑問代詞，若在作主語，變成名詞性從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)不變

?Whocamehere?

?Whathappenedlastnight?

?Whichwasbought?

名詞性從句作介詞賓語的時(shí)候，僅能用whether從句或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從

句,that從句不可以

?Iamcuriousabouthowhewillcopewiththeproblem.

下列結(jié)構(gòu)是可以的

介詞+thefact+that從句

Iamsureofthefactthattheteamhaswonthegame.

或者除去that,再把that面的主語搬成所有格，動(dòng)詞變成動(dòng)名詞

Iamworriedabouthisplayingaroundallday.

若從句有may,can,則分別為belikelyto/beableto

Iamhappyaboutthathemaycome.(x)

?Iamhappyabouthisbeinglikelytocome.

?Iamsureofhisbeingabletodoit.

be+adj+that從句

去掉介詞，將that從句放在形容詞后面

?Iamworriedthatheplaysaroundallday.

?Iamsurethathehaswonthegame.

?inthat=because

Heistalentedinthathecanspeakfivedifferentlanguages.

?Heisniceexceptthatsometimeshelies.

?notwithstandingthat盡管=despitethefactthat/inspiteofthefactthat

Notwithstandingthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

Despitethefactthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

Inspiteofthefactthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

名詞短語作主語，即疑問詞+不定式短語

?wheretolive

?whethertotryagain

?whentotalktohim

?howtodoit

?whattodo

?whomtosee

?whichtobuy

?whomtotalkto

疑問代詞what,whom,which要作不定式短語中動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語

Howtohandletheproblemdependsonhowmuchmoneywecancollect.

表距離的地方副詞短語作主語

from+地方名詞+to+地方名詞

FromShanghaitoBeijingisabout100kilometers.

Itisabout1000kilometersfromShanghaitoBeijing.

動(dòng)詞種類及其用法

動(dòng)詞分為五大類

.完全不及物動(dòng)詞

,不完全不及物動(dòng)詞

?完全及物動(dòng)詞

?不完全及物動(dòng)詞

?甜凌

怎么判斷動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物?

.我它

?它被我（主語和賓語可任意變換）

?把動(dòng)詞瞬空格當(dāng)中，翻成中文，沒毛病就是及物動(dòng)詞，否則為不及物動(dòng)詞

有些不及物動(dòng)詞可變成及物動(dòng)詞，用同系名詞作賓語

?dreamaterribledream

?liveahappylife

?smileabrightsmile

?laughaheartylaugh

?sighadeepsigh

?sleepasoundsleep

完全及物動(dòng)詞

加了賓語以后意思才很完全的動(dòng)詞

Hekilledher.

完全不及物動(dòng)詞

不加賓語意思就很完全的動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)

Helaughed.

不完全不及物動(dòng)詞

個(gè)be動(dòng)詞

后面可以加地方副詞

Sheisthere.

Theyareupstairs.

Ishehomenow?

令become

Oturn后面所用的形容多與顏色情緒有關(guān)

Hisfaceturnedpalewhenheheardthenews.

HisfaceturnedredwithangerwhenhesawMary.

turn還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)，通常與名詞連用，形成復(fù)合詞，作形容詞用

Mr.Johnsonisasoldier-turnedfarmer.

約翰遜先生是個(gè)軍人轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)的農(nóng)夫。

?get通常接表示生氣或激動(dòng)的形容詞作君吾

Hegotmad.

?seemappear之后用不定式作表語

Heseemtobehappy.

tobe可以省略

Heseemshappy.

Heseemsaniceman.

?感官動(dòng)詞looksoundsmelltastefeel

感官動(dòng)詞后面不可用名詞作表語，若要用名詞,前面要加like

Itsoundslikeagoodidea,

Thatmaterialfeelslikesilk.

lookinto=investigate

lookover=examine

不完全不及物動(dòng)詞重要相關(guān)短語

fallill生病

Provisionsranshort糧食不足了。

Idon*tknowhowhecametobesopopular.

cametobe=graduallybecame

Thedocumentprovedtobeaforgery.

完全及物動(dòng)詞

?recommenddoingsth

?resentdoinqsth

?resistdoinqsth

Icouldn1tresisthavingsomemoreicecream.

?ceasedoinqsth=ceasetodosth

2WWVSWSAAA

?continuedoinqsth=continuetodosth

?startdoingsth=starttodosth

?begindoinqsth=begintodosth

?love/like/hatedoingsth=love/like/hatetodosth

whether從句作及物動(dòng)詞賓語，whether也可以被if取代

Idon'tknowifthetyphoonwillcome.

但是whether從句作主語、介詞賓語、be初詞之后的表語時(shí)，不可以用if取代

Itisnotyetknownifhecango.

不完全及物動(dòng)詞

?havesbdosth

?qetsbtodosth

Hewasmadetowashthecar.

have和get沒有被動(dòng)用法

let+賓語+作副詞用的介詞inoutdown

Heletmein.

Hisperformanceletmedown.

上述介詞后面沒有賓語，可單獨(dú)存在作副詞用，稱為介副詞

地方副詞：thereherehomedowntown

Heisdowntown.

let后面只能用介副詞作未隔，不可以用地方副詞作補(bǔ)語

push/seduce/enticesbtodosth

知覺動(dòng)詞

?看seeobservewatchlookatnotice

?聽hearlistento

?感覺feel

Isawhimdoit.

Hewasseentodoit.

Isawhimdancing.

Hewasseendancing.

Isawthedogrunoverbyacar.

Thedogwasseenrunoverbyacar.

Thecolonelassignedhimplatoonleader.上校指派他為排長(zhǎng)。

帆..為

regard/lookupon/thinkof/see/viewsbas...

consider/deem/thinksbtobe

tobe可以省略

Weconsiderhimagenius.

Wedeemhimnice.

該類動(dòng)詞和as或者for連用的時(shí)候，可直接雌容詞作補(bǔ)語

Iregardhisbehaviorasinappropriate.

Johnworkshard,soItakeitforgrantedthathewillbesuccessfulsomeday.

thinkbelievefinddeemconsider等五個(gè)動(dòng)詞作不完全及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能直接用

不定式屣作賓語，一定要用形式賓語it取代

Ideemitanhonortogivethisspeech.

Theysethimfree.

Thesightstruckhimdumb.

Thebabycrieditselftosleep.

Hisassistancewillrendersuccesscertain,render=make

授予動(dòng)詞

間接賓語與直接賓語位1顛倒時(shí),需要另外加介詞t。for或者of

Igavethebooktohim.

IteachEnglishtothem.

Imadeachairforhim.

Iaskedaquestionofhim.

Ididn'texpectmuchofhim.

Herequirednothingofme.

Hedemandlittleofme.

Ididn'texpecthimmuch.

Herequiredmenothing.

Hedemandedmelittle.

Herobbedmeofmymoney.

Iwasrobbedofmymoney.

Thecourtdeprivedhimofallhiscivilrights.

Hewasdeprived/strippedofallhiscivilrights.

Mymoneywasrobbed.

Allhiscivilrightsweredeprived.

Thecaptainrelievedtheplatoonleaderofhiscommand.

連長(zhǎng)解除了排長(zhǎng)的指揮權(quán)。

Icannotridmyselfofthepainfulmemory.

Iamgladtoberidofthosechores.

Youshouldbreak/ridyourselfofthebadhabitsofsmoking.

Youshouldbreakthebadhabitsofsmoking.

Thedoctorcuredhimofhisdisease.

Thedoctorcuredhisdisease.

provide/supply/furnishsbwithsth

offersthtosb

providesthforsb

presentsthtosb

explainsthtosb

explaintosbsth

introduceAtoB.

introducetoBA.

recommend/express/propose都是這種用法

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（5）

英文五大句型

?主語+完全不及物動(dòng)詞

Hewenttothestation.

.主系表

?主謂賓

?主謂賓+其補(bǔ)

?主渭+雙賓

否定析使句有兩種

?Don't起首

?Never起首,此時(shí)不必加Do,沒有Donever的用法

不論問句以否定或肯定彬態(tài)起首，在回答時(shí)候，只要認(rèn)為肯定，就用Yes,若為否定,

則用N?；卮?/p>

.Isn'theha即y?他難道不快樂嗎?

No.heisn't.是的,他不快樂.

反意疑問句

前否后肯，前肯后否

Youhavedoneit,haven'tyou?

Hehasmoney,doesn*the?

析使句的反意里問句一律用willyou

?Stopsmoking,willyou?

Let's...的反意隨可句一律用shallwe

?Let'snotdoit,shallwe?

但是

Letus/them/him/Johngo,willyou?

句中有否定副詞scarcely,hardly,rarely,nodoubt,little,never,bynomeans,

要接肯定反問句

?Hescarcelyeversmokes,doeshe?

?Heisnodoubtagoodboy,ishe?

句中有助動(dòng)詞短語wouldrather,hadbetter等，反意筵問句用其中第一個(gè)同

?Youwouldrathergo,wouldn1tyou?

?Youhadbetterdoit,hadn'tyou?

若助詞短語為oughtt。，反意掰句句中須用shouldn't

?Heoughttocome,shouldn,the?

Heisbad,ishenot?

Heleft,didhenot?

反意疑問句一定要用人稱代詞，但句首為Thereis/are/was/were等時(shí)，必須用

there

?Johnisfine,isn'the?

?Thisisnotgood,isit?

?Thesearenotgood,arethose?

?Thatisgood,isn'tit?

?Thosearegood,aren,tthey?

?Thereisamanthere,isn'tthere?

主語若為第一人稱單數(shù)I表示意見或觀點(diǎn)，不能對(duì)自己反問，應(yīng)以其后的that從句

形成反問

?IthinkthatDavidisnice,isn'the?

?Ibelievethatwe'vemetbefore,haven'twe?

?IguessthatHelenwillcome,won'tshe?

若主語為I以外的主語，則反問句仍以主句為依據(jù)形成反問句

?Wethinkthatthenewteacherisnice,don*twe?

否定轉(zhuǎn)移

?Idon'tthinkthatDavidisnice,ishe?

?Idon'tbelievethatwe'vemetbefore,havewe?

need可作一般動(dòng)詞，也可作為肋動(dòng)詞，但僅限于否定句，須與not并用

?Heneedstogo,doesn,the?

?Hedoesn1tneedtogo,doeshe?

?Heneednotgo,needhe?

句中助動(dòng)詞不止一個(gè)時(shí)候，反問句中則使用第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞

Butforhisaccident,hemighthavebeenawonderfulpianist,mightn'the?

=Ifithadnotbeenforhisaccidenthemighthavebeenawonderfulpianist,

mightn'the?

代詞

it作形式主語

?代替不定式短語

?代替that從句

?代替動(dòng)名詞

Itisnogoodreadingnovelsalldaylong.

it作形式賓語

that從句和不定式不能直接作不完全及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，必須用it代替

Ithinkitgoodtogetupearly.

it強(qiáng)調(diào)主語或者賓語

ItisIwho/thatlovehim.

Itwashiswordsthat/whichmademeangry.

Itisyourhelpthat/whichIaminneedof.

it強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞短語或狀語從句

Itis/was介詞短語/狀語從句that從句

Itwasin1974thatIbegantostudyEnglish.

Itwasbecausehewaslazythathefailed.

數(shù)量代詞的用法

most/all/some/half/part/one-third/two-thirds/noneof+the/my/your…+不可數(shù)名詞+

單數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

令Mostofthemoneywasstolen.

今Someofthestudentsarehere.

今Onethirdofthestudentshavepassedthetest.

令Seventypercentofthewateriscontaminated.

令Mostofthestudentsarehere.

。Moststudentslovemusic.

令A(yù)llthestudentslovemusic.

。Allstudentslovemusic.

反身代詞強(qiáng)調(diào)用法

Hehimselfdidit.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語

Iwanttoseethebosshimself.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語

反身代詞不能單獨(dú)作主語

(a/an/any/some/this/these/that/those/which/afew)+名詞+of

mine/yours/his/theirs/Peter*s或者ofmyown/yourown/hisown/their

own/Peterzsown

Heisafriendofmine.

Thisfriendofyoursisgood.

沒有Heisthebestfriendofmine.

Everymanandwomanshoulddotheir(his/her)besttoprotecttheir

country.

Oneshoulddoone*s/hisduty.

?eachother兩者彼此

?oneanother三者或三者以上彼此

Thefivestudentshateoneanother.

在美語中此兩者已無區(qū)別

?oneaftertheother兩者相繼地

?oneafteranother三者或三者以上相繼地

Heraisedhishandsoneaftertheother.

Allthestudentscameinoneafteranother.

Noneofthethreestudentsis/arediligent.

one...another...theother...限定三者

Hehasthreesons.Oneisateacher,anotherisasoldier,andtheotherisa

lawyer.

one...another...非限定的兩者

Hobbiesvarywithpeople.Onemayenjoyswimming,whileanothermaylove

hiking.

some...others...stillothers.??一些.??一些.??另一些???

Hobbiesvarywithpeople.Somemayenjoyswimming,othersmaybefond

ofbungeejumping,andstillothersmaylovehiking.

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（6）

時(shí)態(tài)

?Hewritesaletter.

?Hecomesback.

這兩個(gè)例子無時(shí)間副詞修飾，所以不是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，因此無意義

?Hewhoislazyisdoomedtofailure,to是介詞

?Hewhoislazyisdoomedtofail.

beginstartarriveleavecomego等動(dòng)詞可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表格來

?Theyarrivetomorrow.

?Themeetingbeginsat7.

?Theystartthedayaftertomorrow.

?Doeshecometomorrow?

表示過去經(jīng)驗(yàn)可用一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以

Didyoueverseeherbefore?

=Haveyoueverseenherbefore?

你以前見過她嗎?

句中若有afteruntilbefore等連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句，由于時(shí)間先后很清楚，可

用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成式

?AfterIfinishedthework,Iwenthome.

?Ididn'tstudyEnglishuntilIwas10.

?Before1movedhere,IlivedinJapanforalongtime.

whenunlessifonce等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示條件時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句

用一般將來時(shí)

?WhenIhavemoney,Iwillbuyacar.

?Iwon'tbuyacarunlessIhavemoney.

?IfIseehim,Iwilltellhimthetruth.

Hetoldmethathehadseenthemovieonce.

Hewasangrybecausehehadn'tseenMary.

過去完成式不能單獨(dú)存在，要與另一一般過去時(shí)從句或表過去的副詞短語連用

HewillhavearrivedinChicagobythistimetomorrow.

Whenyoucome,everythingwillhavebeenfinished.

Hewasdying.

Hewasgoingtodie.

Hewasabouttodie.

主句為一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，從屬從句不得用表現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)態(tài)

Ithoughthehadbeenworkinghard.

for/during/in/through/downthrough/overthepast/lastfiveyears

過去五年來=sincefiveyearsago

這些短語與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthepasttwoweeks.

since表自從，作介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞

since后還可以引導(dǎo)一般過去時(shí)的狀語從句,主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)

行時(shí)

?Ihavelivedheresince2000.

?IhavebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwenttocollege.

since之后必須接明確的某時(shí)間作賓語，不可以接一段時(shí)間作賓語，若接一段時(shí)

間，需要在一段時(shí)間之后接ago

Peterhaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與for+一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作必

須可持續(xù)進(jìn)行

主句為一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，從屬從句不得用表現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)態(tài)

Ithoughthehadbeenworkinghard.

for/during/in/through/downthrough/overthepast/lastfiveyears

過去五年來=sincefiveyearsago

這些短語與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthepasttwoweeks.

since表自從，作介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞

since后還可以引導(dǎo)一般過去時(shí)的狀語從句,主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)

行時(shí)

?Ihavelivedheresince2000.

?IhavebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwenttocollege.

since之后必須接明確的某時(shí)間作賓語，不可以接一段時(shí)間作賓語，若接一段時(shí)

間，需要在一段時(shí)間之后接ago

Peterhaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與for+一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作必

須可持續(xù)進(jìn)行

Hehasdiedfortwomonths.錯(cuò)誤

HehasmarriedJanefortwentyyears.錯(cuò)誤

Itisthreeyearssincehedied.

ItistwentyyearssincehemarriedJane.

不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化

castcastcast丟,投擲

laylaidlaid生蛋;放置

smellsmeltsmelt

meanmeantmeant

hanghunghung

ringrangrung

swimswamswum

freezefrozefrozen

lielaylain躺，臥

spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt

burnburned/burntburned/burnt

dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt

兩句連接方法

六種方法

-破折號(hào)

Heisversatile—hespeaksfivedifferentlanguagesandplaysthepiano

verywell.

一—日w0

Hehasfinallymadehisgoalknowntous:hewantstobeascientist

三分號(hào)

Heisnice;quiteoftenheisseenhelpingothers.

四并列連詞

Heenjoystakingpictures,andhehasdecidedtopursuetheartashislife

career.

五副詞連接詞

Hedeservesourrespectbecauseheishonest.

六關(guān)系詞

Heisamanwhonevertelllies.

連字符號(hào)-用來連接單詞，形成復(fù)合詞

破折號(hào)用來連接句子或同位語

?Water-skiingismyhobby.

?Thetigerisaman-eatinganimal.

破折號(hào)用來強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)句子，補(bǔ)充意思的不足

?Heistrash-heisgoodfornothing.

?Heistrash.Thatistosay,heisgoodfornothing.

破折號(hào)還可以用來連接同位語

?Hisfinallymadehispurposeknowntous—tochaseSusan.

?Hishobby-takingpictures-isfarmoreinterestingthanmine.

句中的對(duì)等語原本用逗號(hào)相隔，再用并列連詞相連，但如果對(duì)等語中間有插入語

的時(shí)候，會(huì)多出一些逗號(hào)。為了句義清莖，可以用分號(hào)取代逗號(hào)

?Hesaidthathehadnomoney;thatbecauseofhisilltemper,hehadno

friendstocounton;andthatheexpectedmetohelphim.

?Heenjoysdancing,whichishishobby;swimming,whichheoftendoes

onSundays;andjogging.

基本并列連詞一共三個(gè)andorbut,連接對(duì)等單詞，短語或句子

?Hedoesn/tlikeherbuthatesher.

?Icametoseehimand(to)tellhimthetruth.

?HeisnotgoodatEnglishbutpooratit.

?Hedoesn*tstudy,buthisteacherlikeshim.

?IlikeJohn,whoiseasytogetalongwithbutwhosebrotheristoo

arroganttoassociatewith.

衍生的其他連接詞

?both...and...

?either...or...

?neither...nor...

?not...but...

?notonly...butalso...

HewenttotheUnitedStatesnotonlytolearnEnglishbut(also)to

knowmoreaboutAmericanculture.

Notonlycanshesing,butshecan(also)dance.

aswellas和ratherthan也可視為并列連接詞

?WeaswellasJohnlikeit

?Heishappyratherthansad.

?Iloveherbecausesheisintelligentaswellasbecausesheisconsiderate.

?HenolessthanIisinterestedinmusic.他和我都對(duì)音樂有興趣。

?Hetogetherwithmeisinterestedinmusic.

?Healongwithmeisinterestedinmusic.

?He,notI,isinterestedinmusic.

togetherwith/alongwith視為介詞，后面接賓格

not亦可視為并列連詞，等于ratherthan,之前恒加逗號(hào)