高三英語語法知識

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識（1）

非謂語動詞之不定式知識點概要

非謂語動詞一共三種

1不定式

?ISUKT時

?todo

2分詞

?現(xiàn)在分詞

?過去分詞

3動名詞

不定式

不定式的功旎（t。do）

1當(dāng)名詞

2當(dāng)形容詞

Ihavesomethingtodo.

3當(dāng)副詞

?Icametoseeher.

名詞不定式的用法

1作主語，表示意愿或者未完成的事，可用it替代

Iknowwhatitistobeindebt.

2作及物動詞的賓語，但不作介詞的賓語

Iwanttoseehim.

?thinkof+n想到

?anticipatedoingsomething期^

?名詞不定式不可以直接作不及物動詞的賓語，要用形式賓語it代替

3作表語

有do無to原則

Allyouhavetodo/AllIcando/Whatyoushoulddo/AllIdid

yesterdayisdosomething

形容詞不定式的用法

1后位修飾

2可等于關(guān)系代詞作主語引導(dǎo)的定語從句

Ihavenofriendtoadviseme.=Ihavenofriendwhocanadviseme.

3可等于關(guān)系代詞作賓語引導(dǎo)的定語從句

Therearemanysightstoseehere.=Therearemanysightswhichwe

canseehere.

被修飾的名詞一定要作不定式短語中的賓語，否貝蛾要作介詞的賓語

Givemeachairtositin.

be動詞之后的形容詞不定式有下列意義

?主動的

表將來Heistocometomorrow.

表義務(wù)=should

Youaretodoit.

?被動的

表當(dāng)然=should

Suchalazymanistobefired.

表可能=can

Myhatwasnowheretobefound.

副詞不定式的用法

?修飾動詞，置于動詞之后

Hehasagreedtodoit.

?修飾形容詞，置于形容詞之后

Heisapttolie.

他爰說謊。

?修飾副詞，置于副詞之后

Heisoldenoughtogoswimmingalone.

Heistoooldtoswim.

不定式若出現(xiàn)在主語之前，一定具有形容詞功能來修飾這個主語

所以該不定式所表示的動作必須是它所修飾的主語的動作

Topleaseher,asongwassung.錯誤

Hesangasongto/soastopleaseher.

Hesangasongwithaneyeto/withaviewtopleasingher.

獨立不定式

用來修tf遨個句子，不必考慮主語是人是物，有時作插入語

?Totellthetruth

?Tobefrankwithyou

?Todohimjustice,hehasdonehisbest.平心而論,他已經(jīng)盡力了。

?Tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是

?Heisnice,tobesure,butIdon,tlikehim.

?Heis,sotospeak,arascal.可以這么說，使用時一定插入在be動詞和名

詞之間

疑問詞+不定式二名詞短語

?wheretogo

?whentodoit

?howtoswim

?whattodo

?whichtobuy

?whomtosee

wherewhenhow疑問副詞不作不定式的賓語

whatwhichwhom疑問代詞作不定式中的賓語

Iamatalossastohowtodoit.（asto通常省略）

that從句簡化為不定式

Itseems/appears/happened/chancedthat簡化為:

Heseemsto/appearsto

Ihappenedto/chancedto

Itissaid/reported/rumored/known/thought/believedthat簡化

為：

Heissaid/reported/rumored/known/thought/believedtodo

如何變化

?時態(tài)相同，to之后力晦形動詞

Itwassaidthathelovedmusicverymuch.

Hewassaidtolovemusicverymuch.

?時態(tài)不同，to后面加havedone

Itissaidthathewasathuginthepast.

Heissaidtohavebeenathuginthepast.

thug流氓

seemappear之后的tobe可以省略

prove

及物動詞，證明

不及物動詞，顯示，竟然是tobe+n/adj

Whathesaidprovedtobetrue.

prove/turnout后面的todo可以省略

o注意要力階詞

wishforVsWtWhS/hop■eforWsWthiAfor

oallowdoingsth

opermitdoinqsth

17WSAAA

表意愿的動詞如用一般過去時+tohavedone=wouldhavedone

表示與過去事實相反，本來想…

expected/wanted/intended/hopedtohavedone=wouldhave

done=hadexpected/hadintendedtodo

was/weretohavedone=shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該懶P沒有做

不定式作主語，若最后一個詞是賓語，該賓語可以移到句首作主語

Topleasemyfatherishard.

myfatherishardtoplease.

不定式的省略

為避免垂，不定式可省略，但保留to

Wouldyouliketogodancingwithme?

Yes,rdbegladto.

不定式可形成感嘆句

Tothinkthatsuchalazyboyshouldhavepassedtheexam!

想想看這樣一個懶小子居然會考及格！

Iwaswatchingtheswallowsflytoandfro.

toandfro來回地

?makesbdosth

XAAAA.VWSAA

?sbismadetodosth

?donothingbutdosth

?choose/expect/want/desirenothingbuttodo

?beinterestedin/enjoynothingbutdoing/n

?cannotbutdosth=cannothelpdoinq=cannothelpbutdosth

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)知識（2）

分詞知識點概要

分詞

分詞作形容詞

可置于名詞之前，修飾該名詞；亦可置于be動詞之后，作表語

aconfusingquestion

Theteacherwasconfused.

如何判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞？

1表主動/被動

-表示令人…的，用現(xiàn)在分詞

.表示感到…的或受到…的，用過去分詞

Theboywascharmedwiththegirl'selegance.

2表進行完成概念

?表示正在/即將…的,用現(xiàn)在分詞

?噫…的，用過去分詞

Theageingfatherfoundithardtodothework.正在老去的

Heisaged,buthestaysyoungatheart.F11經(jīng)卜年紀(jì)的

Wearesoldoutofthisbook.=Wehavesoldoutofthisbook.

Iamallsetfortheexam.

分詞作表語

be動詞之后的表語

并非所有分詞均可當(dāng)形容詞用，有些視為動詞的進行時或被動語態(tài)

Hewaskillingthetermites.

?termite白蟻

及物動詞之后的賓語補語

Iwantitdonerightaway.

不可作形容詞的分詞如何作補語？

1先檢查原來動詞為及物還是不及物

_______他

他被我

把動詞放入空格，意思合乎邏輯就是及物動詞，否則就是不及物動詞

2如果是及物動詞，作》卜時有兩種分詞形態(tài)

?現(xiàn)在分詞+賓語

?過去分詞

Ifoundhimkillingcockroaches.

Ifoundthecockroacheskilled.

3若為不及物動詞，一律變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞

Ifoundhimtrembling.

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓補

形成方式與及物動詞之后的賓補一樣

該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語也可以用介詞短語

Hetalkedtomewithapipeinhismouth.

還可以省略with和冠詞

Hecamehereguninhand.

Hetalkedtomepipeinmouth.

the+作形容詞用的分詞，可當(dāng)作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞使用

Theunexpectedhashappened.

thewounded傷者

分詞可以作副詞

有些現(xiàn)在分詞可以修飾形容詞，等于very

It'sfreezing/bitingcoldtoday.

Theteaisboilinghot.

Hewashoppingmadonhearinghisdismissal.

Wearehavingarippinggoodtime.

過去分詞也可以作副詞

Anestimated54peoplewerekilledintheaircrash.

AgreatmanystudentsaremoreandmoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.

少數(shù)形容詞也有副詞功能

Heisdeadwrong.

It*sawfulhottoday.

Theanswerisdoubtless/doubtlessly/withoutdoubt/undoubtedly

correct.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞變化

一個句子中有兩個初詞同時存在,被此一定要有連接詞相連，沒有的話：

若兩個動詞所代表的動作同時發(fā)生，第二個動詞要變成現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是be動

詞，變成being之后要省略

?Heleftyoungandcamebackold.

?Hediedanobody.

?Wearebornequal.

若兩個初詞并非同時發(fā)生，而是有先后順序，第二個動詞變成t。do

?Hecameheretoseeme.

若兩個初詞有逗號相隔，而無連接時，就不必考慮先后贖序，第二個動詞一定要

變成現(xiàn)在分詞

?Helefthomeatsixinthemorning,arrivinghereaboutfourinthe

afternoon.

?Heranawayquickly,lookingasifsomethingterriblehadhappened.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)單句簡化法

兩句在f,若無連接詞相連時，由攆一般子要化簡，變成分詞短語。

規(guī)則：

兩句的主語相同，被化簡的句子主語要刪除，主語不同則保留

垢的就司要盼司

若該動詞為be動詞，變成being之后,可予以省略，但也可以不省略，以強調(diào)

因為…的意思

?Beingsickofstudying,heranawayfromhome.

?Thesunsetting,thecowboysrodebacktotheranch.

句中有主動詞dodoesdid的時候，可直接刪除

?Hedidn'tintendtoseeher,heleftearly.

?Notintendingtoseeher,heleftearly.

句中有完成時助動詞havehashad,要視為動詞而變成現(xiàn)在分詞having

?Nothavingseenherforages,Imissher.

主語不同時形成的分雕構(gòu)為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

?Thisbeingthecase,you'dbetterbecareful.

?Wewillgopicnickingtomorrow,weatherpermitting./ifweather

permits.

關(guān)系代詞作主語的限定性定語從句可化簡為分詞短語

ThemanwhoistalkingtoMaryoverthereismyfather.

?刪除關(guān)系代詞

?麗^在笳司

?若是being,可予以省略

ThatmantalkingtoMaryoverthereismyfather.

非限定性定語從句一般不可化簡為分詞短語

不過定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)為關(guān)系代詞+be+名詞時，仍可化簡形成同位語

John,whoisagoodfriendofmine,studiedhard.

John,agoodfriendofmine,studiedhard.

分詞結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句化簡法

oncewhenwhileifunlessthough所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，若主從句主語相同，

亦可化簡為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，方法與單句簡化法一樣

?Iffree,I'IIgowithyou.

?Unlessotherwiseinstructed,youshoulddoasIsaid.

?Whilehere,Ihadagoodtime.

其中onceifunless所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句多限于主語+be+分詞/形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，

whenwhilethough則不受限制

Oncehavingmoney,I'IIbuyacar.錯誤

表示身體組織的名詞可變成過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞

Ilovethebig-eyedgirl.

Doyouseethered-hairedgirlthere.

Theone-leggedsoldierwasahero.

abroken-heartedman

abare-footedboy

少數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)介詞使用

including

excluding

considering

regarding

concerning=about/on

Everyonelikesthemovie,excludingJohn./Johnexcluded./exclusiveof

John.

Consideringhisperformance,hecanbeagoodteacher.=His

performanceconsidered,hecanbeagoodteacher.

高三英語語法知識（3）

感嘆句和動名詞知識點概要

感嘆句

感嘆句均由How/What引導(dǎo)

1What+名詞+主語+動詞

what為形容詞，多么的，后面一定要加名詞

?先將what放在句首

?再珞含有名詞作及物動詞的賓語、表語、或作補語的句子放在后面

Whathehasabeautifulcar.

Whatheisagreatman.

Whatyouhavemadehimagoodboy.

?再珞此賓語表語或補語放在whatN后，句尾變成感嘆號

Whatabeautifulcarhehas!

Whatagreatmanheis!

Whatagoodboyyouhavemadehim!

2How+adj/adv+主語+動詞

how在這里是副詞，譯為多么地，后面一定要加形容詞或副詞

?將How放在句首

?在how之后造一個含有形容詞或副詞的句子

Howheisgreat.

Howhestudiedhard.

?再將形容詞副詞放在how之后

Howgreatheis!

Howhardhestudied!

How后面還可以帶有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，但絕不可以接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者

不可數(shù)名詞

How+adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+主語+動詞

?Howgreatamanheis!

?Whatagreatmanheis.

What可與單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞連用

?Whatgreatmentheyare!

?Whatgoodmusicitis!

但是how之后可以接manymuchlittlefew數(shù)量形容詞，再接復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)

名詞

?Howmanystudentsthereareintheclassroom!

?Howfewfriendshehas!

?Howlittletimeisleft!

?Howmuchmoneyhehasmade!

動名詞

動名詞作主語

此時可被形式主語it代替，將動名詞移至句尾，改成不定式

?Itgivesmegreatpleasuretohelpothers.

在Itisnouse結(jié)構(gòu)中，真正主語仍為動名詞

?Itisnousecryingover般過.milk.覆水難收。

?Itisnousereasoningwithsuchastubbornman.

?Itisofnouse/uselesstoreasonwithsuchastubbornman.

?Thereisnouse/nosense/nopointinreasoningwithsuchastubborn

man.和這樣固執(zhí)的人講理是沒用的。

動名詞作be動詞后面的表語

Seeingisbelieving.

動名詞作動詞的賓語

?Hedetestsgambling.他惜恨賭博。

?contemp1latedoingsth

3wvwv

?fancydoinqsth

?recommenddoinqJVsSAtAhAAZ

?anticipatedoinqsth=expecttososth

?stopdoing1sth=quit/ceasedoingsth=ceasetodosth

,2jWWWWWW

?forbidsbtodosth

WWW

?forbiddoinqsth

下列動詞可用不定式或動名詞作賓語，意思不變

likedislikelovehatecontinuebeginstart

動名詞作介詞賓語

?Nonewouldhavedreamedoftherebeingsuchaplace.做夢也沒人想到

會有這樣一個地方。

?beworthdoing/n

?beworthyofn

?Itisworthwhiletoreadthatbook.

?Itpaystoreadthatbook.

?aworthwhilebook一本值得看的書

所有格與動名詞的關(guān)系

Histeachingwellissomethingthatpleasesme.

Hisnotfinishingtheworkontimedisappointedme.

TheirhavinghelpedJohnwiththeworkwonourgreatadministration.

表示喜歡、厭惡'在乎之意的及物動詞，如like,dislike,enjoy、mind等就

不可接that從句作賓語

補救方法，將that改為所有格+動名詞

?Idon'tlikehissmokinghere.

?Idon'tenjoyJohn1sjoiningus.

?Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?

=WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?

that從句亦不可直接作介詞的賓語

?Iamcuriousabouthisstayinguplateeverynight.

?Inspiteofmyhelpinghim,hefailed.

若that從句中的主語是物而不是人，就不用所有格，直接將主語作賓語，之后

接現(xiàn)在分詞

Inspiteofthesunshining,theairwasverycold.

在口語中，that從句的主語即使是人，也可以采用此結(jié)構(gòu)

?Iinsistedonhisgoingthere.

?Iinsistedhimgoingthere.

?Whatistheuseofhishelpingus?

?Whatistheuseofhimhelpingus?

動名詞與作形容詞用的現(xiàn)在分詞均可以放在名詞前面，如何分辨呢？

初名詞+名詞后者有前者的功能，初名詞有“用來的意思

?awalkingstick

?asleepingcar

?adiningroom用來吃飯的房間，餐廳

若現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞，后者有前者的性質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在分詞有“正在…"或"會..."之

意

?awalkingdictionary

?asleepingbaby

?abarkingdog

?Writinglettersisatryingjobforme.

?Thewritingoflettersisatryingjobforme.

?Asanoldsayinggoes,MHonestyisthebestpolicy."

?Don'tforgettotakeyourbelongingswithyou.belonging恒用復(fù)數(shù)

?Thereisnodoing=Itisimpossibletodo

?Itisnousedoing=Itisofnousetodo

?cannothelp/resist/refrainfrom/stopdoingsth=cannotbutdo=cannot

helpbutdo

?Hehadnosoonerhearditthanhecried.

?Hehadhardlyhearditwhenhecried.

?Hehadscarcelyhearditwhenhetried.

?Nosoonerhadhehearditthanhecried.

?Hardlyhadhehearditwhenhecried.

?Scarcelyhadhehearditwhenhecried.

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（4）

可作主語的詞類

任何一^）子一定由主語和動詞形成.

有時候主語可以省略，形成析使句。祈使句之前省略了Youshould

祈使句的否定，在原形動詞前面加Don-t

Don*tfoolaround.另11游手好閑。

名詞作主語

代詞作主語

動名詞或不定式短語作主語

動名詞作主語通常已知事實或首經(jīng)做過的經(jīng)驗

不定式作主語通常表示意愿、目的穌完成的事

?Thereisnouse/sense/pointindoingsth

名詞性從句作主語

名詞性從句有三種

?that從句

?whether從句，由一般疑問句變來

?疑問詞從句，由特殊疑問句變來

who,what,which為疑問代詞，若在生主語，變成名詞性從句時，結(jié)構(gòu)不變?，

?Whocamehere?。

who,what,which為疑問代詞，若在作主語，變成名詞性從句時，結(jié)構(gòu)不變

?Whocamehere?

?Whathappenedlastnight?

?Whichwasbought?

名詞性從句作介詞賓語的時候，僅能用whether從句或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從

句,that從句不可以

?Iamcuriousabouthowhewillcopewiththeproblem.

下列結(jié)構(gòu)是可以的

介詞+thefact+that從句

Iamsureofthefactthattheteamhaswonthegame.

或者除去that,再把that面的主語搬成所有格，動詞變成動名詞

Iamworriedabouthisplayingaroundallday.

若從句有may,can,則分別為belikelyto/beableto

Iamhappyaboutthathemaycome.(x)

?Iamhappyabouthisbeinglikelytocome.

?Iamsureofhisbeingabletodoit.

be+adj+that從句

去掉介詞，將that從句放在形容詞后面

?Iamworriedthatheplaysaroundallday.

?Iamsurethathehaswonthegame.

?inthat=because

Heistalentedinthathecanspeakfivedifferentlanguages.

?Heisniceexceptthatsometimeshelies.

?notwithstandingthat盡管=despitethefactthat/inspiteofthefactthat

Notwithstandingthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

Despitethefactthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

Inspiteofthefactthatheisnice,Idon'tlikehim.

名詞短語作主語，即疑問詞+不定式短語

?wheretolive

?whethertotryagain

?whentotalktohim

?howtodoit

?whattodo

?whomtosee

?whichtobuy

?whomtotalkto

疑問代詞what,whom,which要作不定式短語中動詞或介詞的賓語

Howtohandletheproblemdependsonhowmuchmoneywecancollect.

表距離的地方副詞短語作主語

from+地方名詞+to+地方名詞

FromShanghaitoBeijingisabout100kilometers.

Itisabout1000kilometersfromShanghaitoBeijing.

動詞種類及其用法

動詞分為五大類

.完全不及物動詞

,不完全不及物動詞

?完全及物動詞

?不完全及物動詞

?甜凌

怎么判斷動詞的及物和不及物?

.我它

?它被我（主語和賓語可任意變換）

?把動詞瞬空格當(dāng)中，翻成中文，沒毛病就是及物動詞，否則為不及物動詞

有些不及物動詞可變成及物動詞，用同系名詞作賓語

?dreamaterribledream

?liveahappylife

?smileabrightsmile

?laughaheartylaugh

?sighadeepsigh

?sleepasoundsleep

完全及物動詞

加了賓語以后意思才很完全的動詞

Hekilledher.

完全不及物動詞

不加賓語意思就很完全的動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)

Helaughed.

不完全不及物動詞

個be動詞

后面可以加地方副詞

Sheisthere.

Theyareupstairs.

Ishehomenow?

令become

Oturn后面所用的形容多與顏色情緒有關(guān)

Hisfaceturnedpalewhenheheardthenews.

HisfaceturnedredwithangerwhenhesawMary.

turn還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)，通常與名詞連用，形成復(fù)合詞，作形容詞用

Mr.Johnsonisasoldier-turnedfarmer.

約翰遜先生是個軍人轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)的農(nóng)夫。

?get通常接表示生氣或激動的形容詞作君吾

Hegotmad.

?seemappear之后用不定式作表語

Heseemtobehappy.

tobe可以省略

Heseemshappy.

Heseemsaniceman.

?感官動詞looksoundsmelltastefeel

感官動詞后面不可用名詞作表語，若要用名詞,前面要加like

Itsoundslikeagoodidea,

Thatmaterialfeelslikesilk.

lookinto=investigate

lookover=examine

不完全不及物動詞重要相關(guān)短語

fallill生病

Provisionsranshort糧食不足了。

Idon*tknowhowhecametobesopopular.

cametobe=graduallybecame

Thedocumentprovedtobeaforgery.

完全及物動詞

?recommenddoingsth

?resentdoinqsth

?resistdoinqsth

Icouldn1tresisthavingsomemoreicecream.

?ceasedoinqsth=ceasetodosth

2WWVSWSAAA

?continuedoinqsth=continuetodosth

?startdoingsth=starttodosth

?begindoinqsth=begintodosth

?love/like/hatedoingsth=love/like/hatetodosth

whether從句作及物動詞賓語，whether也可以被if取代

Idon'tknowifthetyphoonwillcome.

但是whether從句作主語、介詞賓語、be初詞之后的表語時，不可以用if取代

Itisnotyetknownifhecango.

不完全及物動詞

?havesbdosth

?qetsbtodosth

Hewasmadetowashthecar.

have和get沒有被動用法

let+賓語+作副詞用的介詞inoutdown

Heletmein.

Hisperformanceletmedown.

上述介詞后面沒有賓語，可單獨存在作副詞用，稱為介副詞

地方副詞：thereherehomedowntown

Heisdowntown.

let后面只能用介副詞作未隔，不可以用地方副詞作補語

push/seduce/enticesbtodosth

知覺動詞

?看seeobservewatchlookatnotice

?聽hearlistento

?感覺feel

Isawhimdoit.

Hewasseentodoit.

Isawhimdancing.

Hewasseendancing.

Isawthedogrunoverbyacar.

Thedogwasseenrunoverbyacar.

Thecolonelassignedhimplatoonleader.上校指派他為排長。

帆..為

regard/lookupon/thinkof/see/viewsbas...

consider/deem/thinksbtobe

tobe可以省略

Weconsiderhimagenius.

Wedeemhimnice.

該類動詞和as或者for連用的時候，可直接雌容詞作補語

Iregardhisbehaviorasinappropriate.

Johnworkshard,soItakeitforgrantedthathewillbesuccessfulsomeday.

thinkbelievefinddeemconsider等五個動詞作不完全及物動詞時，不能直接用

不定式屣作賓語，一定要用形式賓語it取代

Ideemitanhonortogivethisspeech.

Theysethimfree.

Thesightstruckhimdumb.

Thebabycrieditselftosleep.

Hisassistancewillrendersuccesscertain,render=make

授予動詞

間接賓語與直接賓語位1顛倒時,需要另外加介詞t。for或者of

Igavethebooktohim.

IteachEnglishtothem.

Imadeachairforhim.

Iaskedaquestionofhim.

Ididn'texpectmuchofhim.

Herequirednothingofme.

Hedemandlittleofme.

Ididn'texpecthimmuch.

Herequiredmenothing.

Hedemandedmelittle.

Herobbedmeofmymoney.

Iwasrobbedofmymoney.

Thecourtdeprivedhimofallhiscivilrights.

Hewasdeprived/strippedofallhiscivilrights.

Mymoneywasrobbed.

Allhiscivilrightsweredeprived.

Thecaptainrelievedtheplatoonleaderofhiscommand.

連長解除了排長的指揮權(quán)。

Icannotridmyselfofthepainfulmemory.

Iamgladtoberidofthosechores.

Youshouldbreak/ridyourselfofthebadhabitsofsmoking.

Youshouldbreakthebadhabitsofsmoking.

Thedoctorcuredhimofhisdisease.

Thedoctorcuredhisdisease.

provide/supply/furnishsbwithsth

offersthtosb

providesthforsb

presentsthtosb

explainsthtosb

explaintosbsth

introduceAtoB.

introducetoBA.

recommend/express/propose都是這種用法

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（5）

英文五大句型

?主語+完全不及物動詞

Hewenttothestation.

.主系表

?主謂賓

?主謂賓+其補

?主渭+雙賓

否定析使句有兩種

?Don't起首

?Never起首,此時不必加Do,沒有Donever的用法

不論問句以否定或肯定彬態(tài)起首，在回答時候，只要認(rèn)為肯定，就用Yes,若為否定,

則用N?；卮?/p>

.Isn'theha即y?他難道不快樂嗎?

No.heisn't.是的,他不快樂.

反意疑問句

前否后肯，前肯后否

Youhavedoneit,haven'tyou?

Hehasmoney,doesn*the?

析使句的反意里問句一律用willyou

?Stopsmoking,willyou?

Let's...的反意隨可句一律用shallwe

?Let'snotdoit,shallwe?

但是

Letus/them/him/Johngo,willyou?

句中有否定副詞scarcely,hardly,rarely,nodoubt,little,never,bynomeans,

要接肯定反問句

?Hescarcelyeversmokes,doeshe?

?Heisnodoubtagoodboy,ishe?

句中有助動詞短語wouldrather,hadbetter等，反意筵問句用其中第一個同

?Youwouldrathergo,wouldn1tyou?

?Youhadbetterdoit,hadn'tyou?

若助詞短語為oughtt。，反意掰句句中須用shouldn't

?Heoughttocome,shouldn,the?

Heisbad,ishenot?

Heleft,didhenot?

反意疑問句一定要用人稱代詞，但句首為Thereis/are/was/were等時，必須用

there

?Johnisfine,isn'the?

?Thisisnotgood,isit?

?Thesearenotgood,arethose?

?Thatisgood,isn'tit?

?Thosearegood,aren,tthey?

?Thereisamanthere,isn'tthere?

主語若為第一人稱單數(shù)I表示意見或觀點，不能對自己反問，應(yīng)以其后的that從句

形成反問

?IthinkthatDavidisnice,isn'the?

?Ibelievethatwe'vemetbefore,haven'twe?

?IguessthatHelenwillcome,won'tshe?

若主語為I以外的主語，則反問句仍以主句為依據(jù)形成反問句

?Wethinkthatthenewteacherisnice,don*twe?

否定轉(zhuǎn)移

?Idon'tthinkthatDavidisnice,ishe?

?Idon'tbelievethatwe'vemetbefore,havewe?

need可作一般動詞，也可作為肋動詞，但僅限于否定句，須與not并用

?Heneedstogo,doesn,the?

?Hedoesn1tneedtogo,doeshe?

?Heneednotgo,needhe?

句中助動詞不止一個時候，反問句中則使用第一個助動詞

Butforhisaccident,hemighthavebeenawonderfulpianist,mightn'the?

=Ifithadnotbeenforhisaccidenthemighthavebeenawonderfulpianist,

mightn'the?

代詞

it作形式主語

?代替不定式短語

?代替that從句

?代替動名詞

Itisnogoodreadingnovelsalldaylong.

it作形式賓語

that從句和不定式不能直接作不完全及物動詞的賓語，必須用it代替

Ithinkitgoodtogetupearly.

it強調(diào)主語或者賓語

ItisIwho/thatlovehim.

Itwashiswordsthat/whichmademeangry.

Itisyourhelpthat/whichIaminneedof.

it強調(diào)介詞短語或狀語從句

Itis/was介詞短語/狀語從句that從句

Itwasin1974thatIbegantostudyEnglish.

Itwasbecausehewaslazythathefailed.

數(shù)量代詞的用法

most/all/some/half/part/one-third/two-thirds/noneof+the/my/your…+不可數(shù)名詞+

單數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞

令Mostofthemoneywasstolen.

今Someofthestudentsarehere.

今Onethirdofthestudentshavepassedthetest.

令Seventypercentofthewateriscontaminated.

令Mostofthestudentsarehere.

。Moststudentslovemusic.

令A(yù)llthestudentslovemusic.

。Allstudentslovemusic.

反身代詞強調(diào)用法

Hehimselfdidit.強調(diào)主語

Iwanttoseethebosshimself.強調(diào)賓語

反身代詞不能單獨作主語

(a/an/any/some/this/these/that/those/which/afew)+名詞+of

mine/yours/his/theirs/Peter*s或者ofmyown/yourown/hisown/their

own/Peterzsown

Heisafriendofmine.

Thisfriendofyoursisgood.

沒有Heisthebestfriendofmine.

Everymanandwomanshoulddotheir(his/her)besttoprotecttheir

country.

Oneshoulddoone*s/hisduty.

?eachother兩者彼此

?oneanother三者或三者以上彼此

Thefivestudentshateoneanother.

在美語中此兩者已無區(qū)別

?oneaftertheother兩者相繼地

?oneafteranother三者或三者以上相繼地

Heraisedhishandsoneaftertheother.

Allthestudentscameinoneafteranother.

Noneofthethreestudentsis/arediligent.

one...another...theother...限定三者

Hehasthreesons.Oneisateacher,anotherisasoldier,andtheotherisa

lawyer.

one...another...非限定的兩者

Hobbiesvarywithpeople.Onemayenjoyswimming,whileanothermaylove

hiking.

some...others...stillothers.??一些.??一些.??另一些???

Hobbiesvarywithpeople.Somemayenjoyswimming,othersmaybefond

ofbungeejumping,andstillothersmaylovehiking.

高三英語語法學(xué)習(xí)筆記（6）

時態(tài)

?Hewritesaletter.

?Hecomesback.

這兩個例子無時間副詞修飾，所以不是習(xí)慣性的動作，因此無意義

?Hewhoislazyisdoomedtofailure,to是介詞

?Hewhoislazyisdoomedtofail.

beginstartarriveleavecomego等動詞可用一般現(xiàn)在時表格來

?Theyarrivetomorrow.

?Themeetingbeginsat7.

?Theystartthedayaftertomorrow.

?Doeshecometomorrow?

表示過去經(jīng)驗可用一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時也可以

Didyoueverseeherbefore?

=Haveyoueverseenherbefore?

你以前見過她嗎?

句中若有afteruntilbefore等連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句，由于時間先后很清楚，可

用一般過去時代替過去完成式

?AfterIfinishedthework,Iwenthome.

?Ididn'tstudyEnglishuntilIwas10.

?Before1movedhere,IlivedinJapanforalongtime.

whenunlessifonce等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示條件時，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句

用一般將來時

?WhenIhavemoney,Iwillbuyacar.

?Iwon'tbuyacarunlessIhavemoney.

?IfIseehim,Iwilltellhimthetruth.

Hetoldmethathehadseenthemovieonce.

Hewasangrybecausehehadn'tseenMary.

過去完成式不能單獨存在，要與另一一般過去時從句或表過去的副詞短語連用

HewillhavearrivedinChicagobythistimetomorrow.

Whenyoucome,everythingwillhavebeenfinished.

Hewasdying.

Hewasgoingtodie.

Hewasabouttodie.

主句為一般過去時時，從屬從句不得用表現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r態(tài)

Ithoughthehadbeenworkinghard.

for/during/in/through/downthrough/overthepast/lastfiveyears

過去五年來=sincefiveyearsago

這些短語與現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時連用

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthepasttwoweeks.

since表自從，作介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞

since后還可以引導(dǎo)一般過去時的狀語從句,主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進

行時

?Ihavelivedheresince2000.

?IhavebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwenttocollege.

since之后必須接明確的某時間作賓語，不可以接一段時間作賓語，若接一段時

間，需要在一段時間之后接ago

Peterhaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.

現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時與for+一段時間連用時，該動詞所表示的動作必

須可持續(xù)進行

主句為一般過去時時，從屬從句不得用表現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r態(tài)

Ithoughthehadbeenworkinghard.

for/during/in/through/downthrough/overthepast/lastfiveyears

過去五年來=sincefiveyearsago

這些短語與現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時連用

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthepasttwoweeks.

since表自從，作介詞，后面接名詞或動名詞

since后還可以引導(dǎo)一般過去時的狀語從句,主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進

行時

?Ihavelivedheresince2000.

?IhavebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwenttocollege.

since之后必須接明確的某時間作賓語，不可以接一段時間作賓語，若接一段時

間，需要在一段時間之后接ago

Peterhaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.

現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時與for+一段時間連用時，該動詞所表示的動作必

須可持續(xù)進行

Hehasdiedfortwomonths.錯誤

HehasmarriedJanefortwentyyears.錯誤

Itisthreeyearssincehedied.

ItistwentyyearssincehemarriedJane.

不規(guī)則動詞變化

castcastcast丟,投擲

laylaidlaid生蛋;放置

smellsmeltsmelt

meanmeantmeant

hanghunghung

ringrangrung

swimswamswum

freezefrozefrozen

lielaylain躺，臥

spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt

burnburned/burntburned/burnt

dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt

兩句連接方法

六種方法

-破折號

Heisversatile—hespeaksfivedifferentlanguagesandplaysthepiano

verywell.

一—日w0

Hehasfinallymadehisgoalknowntous:hewantstobeascientist

三分號

Heisnice;quiteoftenheisseenhelpingothers.

四并列連詞

Heenjoystakingpictures,andhehasdecidedtopursuetheartashislife

career.

五副詞連接詞

Hedeservesourrespectbecauseheishonest.

六關(guān)系詞

Heisamanwhonevertelllies.

連字符號-用來連接單詞，形成復(fù)合詞

破折號用來連接句子或同位語

?Water-skiingismyhobby.

?Thetigerisaman-eatinganimal.

破折號用來強調(diào)第一個句子，補充意思的不足

?Heistrash-heisgoodfornothing.

?Heistrash.Thatistosay,heisgoodfornothing.

破折號還可以用來連接同位語

?Hisfinallymadehispurposeknowntous—tochaseSusan.

?Hishobby-takingpictures-isfarmoreinterestingthanmine.

句中的對等語原本用逗號相隔，再用并列連詞相連，但如果對等語中間有插入語

的時候，會多出一些逗號。為了句義清莖，可以用分號取代逗號

?Hesaidthathehadnomoney;thatbecauseofhisilltemper,hehadno

friendstocounton;andthatheexpectedmetohelphim.

?Heenjoysdancing,whichishishobby;swimming,whichheoftendoes

onSundays;andjogging.

基本并列連詞一共三個andorbut,連接對等單詞，短語或句子

?Hedoesn/tlikeherbuthatesher.

?Icametoseehimand(to)tellhimthetruth.

?HeisnotgoodatEnglishbutpooratit.

?Hedoesn*tstudy,buthisteacherlikeshim.

?IlikeJohn,whoiseasytogetalongwithbutwhosebrotheristoo

arroganttoassociatewith.

衍生的其他連接詞

?both...and...

?either...or...

?neither...nor...

?not...but...

?notonly...butalso...

HewenttotheUnitedStatesnotonlytolearnEnglishbut(also)to

knowmoreaboutAmericanculture.

Notonlycanshesing,butshecan(also)dance.

aswellas和ratherthan也可視為并列連接詞

?WeaswellasJohnlikeit

?Heishappyratherthansad.

?Iloveherbecausesheisintelligentaswellasbecausesheisconsiderate.

?HenolessthanIisinterestedinmusic.他和我都對音樂有興趣。

?Hetogetherwithmeisinterestedinmusic.

?Healongwithmeisinterestedinmusic.

?He,notI,isinterestedinmusic.

togetherwith/alongwith視為介詞，后面接賓格

not亦可視為并列連詞，等于ratherthan,之前恒加逗號