2017年-2023年高考英語閱讀真題長難句解析(413-414)講義 高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長難句翻譯Bagritdismissedtheideathatcomputerswouldlearnto‘think’forthemselvesandwould‘ruletheworld’,whichpeoplelikedtobelieveinthosedays.Bagritforesawatimewhencomputerswouldbesmallenoughtoholdinthehand,whentheywouldbecapableofprovidinginformationabouttrafficjamsandsuggestingalternativeroutes,whentheywouldbeusedinhospitalstohelpdoctorstodiagnoseillnesses,whentheywouldrelieveofficeworkersandaccountantsofdull,repetitiveclericalwork.長難句翻譯解析1.Bagritdismissedtheideathatcomputerswouldlearnto‘think’forthemselvesandwould‘ruletheworld’,whichpeoplelikedtobelieveinthosedays.【語法詳析】本句的主干為Bagritdismissedtheidea。1.thatcomputerswouldlearnto‘think’forthemselves作idea的同位語從句；2.whichpeoplelikedtobelieveinthosedays為非限定性定語從句，which代指前文所述事件?！驹~匯精講】dismiss/d??sm?s/v.摒棄，解散，解雇，駁回【名】dismissalpredict/pr??d?kt/v.預(yù)測【名】prediction【近】forecast,foretellJustdismissthosethoughtsfromyourmind-they'recrazyandnotworththinkingabout.別去管那些想法了——那些想法太離譜，不值得考慮。Thedefendinglawyeraskedthatthechargeagainsthisclientbedismissed.辯護(hù)律師請求駁回對其委托人的指控。It’sstillnotpossibletoaccuratelypredicttheoccurrenceofearthquakes.現(xiàn)在仍無法準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報地震的發(fā)生?！緟⒖甲g文】巴格瑞特摒棄了電腦會學(xué)會自己“思考”、會“統(tǒng)治世界”的想法，當(dāng)時人們愿意相信這些。2.Bagritforesawatimewhencomputerswouldbesmallenoughtoholdinthehand,whentheywouldbecapableofprovidinginformationabouttrafficjamsandsuggestingalternativeroutes,whentheywouldbeusedinhospitalstohelpdoctorstodiagnoseillnesses,whentheywouldrelieveofficeworkersandaccountantsofdull,repetitiveclericalwork.【語法詳析】本句的主干為Bagritforesawatime。whencomputerswould…whentheywould…whentheywould…whentheywould…作time的定語從句。【詞匯精講】capable/?ke?.p?.b?l/adj.有能力的【組】becapableof【名】capability能力alternative/?l?t??.n?.t?v/adj.可供選擇的n.可選擇的事物【動】alter改變diagnose/?da?.?ɡ.n??z/v.診斷【名】diagnosisrelieve/r??li?v/v.緩解，減輕【名】relief【辨】release發(fā)布，釋放accountant/??ka?n.t?nt/n.會計【名】account賬戶repetitive/r??pet.?.t?v/adj.重復(fù)的【動】repeat【名】repetitionclerical/?kler.?.k?l/adj.文書工作的，牧師的【名】clerk秘書Aforcetenwindiscapableofblowingtheroofsoffhouses.十級的大風(fēng)能吹走屋頂。Theoppositionpartieshavesofarfailedtosetoutanalternativestrategy.反對黨到目前為止還沒有提出其他的策略。Shewasdiagnosedwith/ashavingdiabetes.她被查出患有糖尿病。Shewasgivenashotofmorphinetorelievethepain.醫(yī)生給她注射了一針嗎啡來止痛。【參考譯文】巴格瑞特預(yù)測有一天電腦可以小到拿在手上，可以提供交通擁堵的信息并建議其他路線，可以在醫(yī)院幫醫(yī)生診斷疾病，可以免除辦公室人員和會計們枯燥而重復(fù)的行政工作。長難句拓展Thosesocietiescameoutofthewarwithlevelsofenrollmentthathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar.①小詞典comeoutof1．由……產(chǎn)生，結(jié)果為……2．經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受3．從……中出來，出現(xiàn)enrollment/?n?r??lm?nt/n.登記；入伍②句子分析：本句的主干是Thosesocietiescameoutofthewar。thathadbeenroughlyconstantat3-5%oftherelevantagegroupsduringthedecadesbeforethewar為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞levelsofenrollment。③參考譯文：戰(zhàn)爭剛結(jié)束時，這些社會的適齡群體入學(xué)率為3-5%，是戰(zhàn)前的幾十年中保持未變的水平。2.Andthedemandthatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducationextendedtogroupsandsocialclassesthathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar.①小詞典entry/?entri/n.進(jìn)入，加入；出場，蒞臨；門，入口；進(jìn)入權(quán)，進(jìn)入許可；參賽；參賽作品，競賽答題；參賽人數(shù)，報名人數(shù)；登記，錄入；條目，賬目，記錄extend/?k?stend/v.延伸；擴(kuò)大，延長；持續(xù)；包括，波及；提供，表示；伸出；使竭盡全力；對……估價；繼承（面向?qū)ο笳Z言中的一種概念）②句子分析：本句的主干是thedemandextendedtogroupsandsocialclasses。thatroseinthosesocietiesforentrytohighereducation和thathadnotthoughtofattendingauniversitybeforethewar均為限制性定語從句，分別修飾先行詞thedemand和groupsandsocialclasses。③參考譯文：這些社會中對接受高等教育的需求增加，擴(kuò)大到那些在戰(zhàn)前沒有想過上大學(xué)的群體和社會階層。3.InmanycountriesofWesternEurope,thenumbersofstudentsinhighereducationdoubledwithinfive-yearperiodsduringthe1960sanddoubledagaininseven,eightor10yearsbythemiddleofthe1970s.①小詞典double/?d?b(?)l/adj.兩倍的，雙的；供兩人用的；雙重的；（花）重瓣的；低八度的adv.兩倍地v.加倍；對折；擊出二壘安打；兼任；握緊；兼奏，重復(fù)（一個音符）n.兩倍，兩倍量；酷似的人；替身演員；臥室；雙打；雙料冠軍；一杯雙份的烈酒det.是……兩倍pron雙倍數(shù)（或量）②句子分析：本句的主干是thenumbersdoubledanddoubled。ofstudentsinhighereducation為介詞短語作后置定語，修飾thenumbers。③參考譯文：在西歐的許多國家，高等教育的學(xué)生人數(shù)在20世紀(jì)60年代的五年內(nèi)翻了一番，到70年代中期，在七年、八年或十年內(nèi)又翻了一番。4.Andwhenthenewstaffarepredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy,theylargelydefinethenormsofacademiclifeinthatfaculty.①小詞典predominantly/pr??d?m?n?ntli/adv.絕大多數(shù)，主要地postgraduate/?p??st?ɡr?d?u?t/n.<英>研究生；<美>博士，博士后研究人員adj.<英>研究生的；<美>博士后的norm/n??m/n.社會準(zhǔn)則，行為規(guī)范；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，平均水平；常態(tài)，平常事物；模方faculty/?f?k(?)lti/n.機(jī)能；天賦，才能；（高等院校的）系，院；<美>全體教員；<舊>（某行業(yè)，尤指醫(yī)學(xué)行業(yè)的）全體從業(yè)人員②句子分析：本句的主干是theydefinethenorms。whenthenewstaffarepredominantlyyoungmenandwomenfreshfrompostgraduatestudy為時間狀語從句。③參考譯文：當(dāng)新員工主要是剛剛研究生畢業(yè)的年輕男女時，他們在很大程度上決定了該學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)生活規(guī)范。長難句精講精練1.Insettingoutitsplansforafive-termyear,NottinghamCityCouncilisseekingtoreducethesummerholidaydowntofourandahalfweeks,withamorebalancedfivetermsofroughlyeightweeks,eachfollowedbyatwo-weekbreak.【句式翻譯】諾丁漢城市委員會設(shè)立了一個計劃，將一學(xué)年劃分為五學(xué)期，并將暑假的時間減少為四周半，這樣一來，五個學(xué)期均有八周的時間，每個學(xué)期之后都有兩周的休息時間?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫呛唵尉洌琋ottinghamCityCouncil作主語，isseeking作謂語，eachfollowedbyatwo-weekbreak是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，settingout…和toreduce…在句中賓語?！驹~語點撥】1)seekvt.&vi.尋找；探索；尋求；固定短語：seekfor尋找；尋求；seekafter尋求Richardsoughttospeaktoher.理查德尋找機(jī)會與她說話。Wesoughtananswertothequestion,butcouldn’tfindone.我們尋求這個問題的答案，可是沒能找到。Mostmenseekforwealth;allmenseekforhappiness.大多數(shù)人都追求財富;但所有的人都希望獲得幸福。Onemustn’tonlyseekaftercomfort,personalfameandgains.一個人不應(yīng)當(dāng)只貪圖安逸，追名逐利。2）balancevt.平衡；權(quán)衡balancedadj.平衡的，均衡的Wehavetobalancethegoodpointsagainstthebadandthenmakeadecision.我們必須權(quán)衡優(yōu)劣，然后做出決定。Youmustlearntokeepyourbalancewhileskating.在溜冰時你得學(xué)會保持平衡。Abalanceddietandregularexercisearebothimportantforourhealth.均衡的飲食和有規(guī)律的鍛煉對我們的健康很重要?！菊Z法點撥】1）不定式todo作賓語2）doing作賓語：①介詞后常接doing作賓語，如：Shelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.她沒說什么就離開了房間。②有些動詞或短語后只能跟動名詞作賓語，這類詞有：finish,imagine,fancy,insiston,enjoy,escape,consider,can’thelp（禁不?。?admit,avoid,mind,miss,practise,keep,resist,appreciate,putoff＝delay,suggest,advise,allow,permit,forbid,ban,prohibit,forgive,excuse,risk,tolerate,recommend,stand,feellike,lookforwardto,prefer…to…等。如：Headmittedtakingthewatch.他承認(rèn)拿了手表。Muchasshelikeshim,shewouldneverconsidermarryinghim.盡管她很喜歡他,但她并不打算嫁給他。③begin，start，like，prefer,hate后既可接todo也可接doing作賓語，意思差別不大，如：Helikesplaying/toplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。④stop，try，goon,remember,forget,mean,regret后面用doing或todo不定式,意思不一樣。stopdoing停止做stoptodo停下來開始做trydoing試一試做trytodo盡力做，企圖做goondoing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）goontodo繼續(xù)做（不同的事）rememberdoing記著做了remembertodo記著要做forgetdoing忘記做了forgettodo忘記要做meandoing意味著meantodo打算做regretdoing后悔做了regrettodo遺憾要做比較：Iforgotteachingthestudentsthewords.我忘記了曾教過學(xué)生們這些詞。（已經(jīng)教過）Iforgottoteachthestudentsthewords.我忘了教學(xué)生們這些詞。（未教）2.Thecomputerburstintolifeandsecondlater,thescreenturnedintocolors,shiftingandchangingandthentwobigwhitewordsappearedinthecenterofthescreen:“SPACETRANSPORTER.”【句式翻譯】電腦突然活躍起來，幾秒鐘后屏幕變成彩色，圖像開始不斷變換，然后屏幕中間出現(xiàn)兩個白色大字：“空間運輸車”?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫遣⒘羞B詞and連接的復(fù)合句，shiftingandchanging在句中作伴隨狀語?！驹~語點撥】burstinto…匆匆進(jìn)入（某處）；突然開始（某事）；突然進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）Thedoorwassuddenlypushedopenandheburstintothehouse.門忽然推開，他闖進(jìn)了屋來。Suddenlytheleadingcarintheraceburstintosight.突然，比賽中的那輛領(lǐng)先的車出現(xiàn)了。Theplaneburstintoflames,killingtwooftheairmenonboard.飛機(jī)突然起火,機(jī)上的兩名飛行員喪生?！菊Z法點撥】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語3.Peopletodaypreferlivingtogethertoputtingtheirsignaturesonamarriagecertificatebecausetheyrefusetoacceptresponsibilityfortherelationship.【句式翻譯】現(xiàn)在的人寧可同居，卻不愿在結(jié)婚證上簽字，因為他們拒絕為這種關(guān)系負(fù)責(zé)。【句式分析】本句是復(fù)合句，because在句中引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，livingtogether，puttingtheirsignatures和toaccept都作賓語?！驹~語點撥】prefervt.更喜歡；寧愿Somepeopleliketolieonthebeach,butIprefergoing/togosightseeing.有些人喜歡在海灘上躺著,但我喜歡去游覽.表示“寧愿……而不愿……”，“喜歡……而不喜歡……”，其基本句型是：①prefer…to…，主要用于比較兩個名詞或動名詞Iprefertheseasidetothemountains.我喜歡海邊，不喜歡山區(qū)。Ipreferquestioningmypupilstolecturingthem.我喜歡少講課，多提問我的學(xué)生。②prefer…ratherthan…，主要用于比較兩個不定式（后面的不定式通常省略to，但前面的不定式必須帶to）Hepreferstoreadratherthanwatchtelevision.他喜歡讀書而不喜歡看電視。【語法點撥】1）不定式todo作賓語2）doing作賓語4.Inadditiontoencouragingreadingasapursuittobeenjoyedbyall,theprogramallowsstrangerstocommunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus,aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools.【句式翻譯】除了鼓勵把閱讀當(dāng)作所有的人的一種追求外，這個項目還允許陌生人在汽車上通過討論這本書來交流，同時宣傳把閱讀當(dāng)作家庭和學(xué)校共享的一次體驗?！揪涫椒治觥勘揪涫呛唵尉?，theprogram作主語，allows作謂語，strangers作賓語，tocommunicate…作賓補(bǔ)，encouraging…和discussing…都作介詞賓語。【詞語點撥】1)inadditionto除……之外，后接名詞或動名詞inaddition此外；還有Inadditiontohissalary,hehasabonusof500yuanpermonth.除工資外，他每月還有五百元錢獎金。Weneedmoneyandtime;inaddition,weneedopportunity.我們需要金錢和時間，此外我還需