2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)-英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)：句子成分-八大句子成分-課件(共48張)

【高中語(yǔ)法】

句子成分英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法框架語(yǔ)法知識(shí)語(yǔ)音音素★音節(jié)五種語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象★句法詞法九大詞類(lèi) 動(dòng)詞★詞匯搭配時(shí)態(tài)兩大語(yǔ)態(tài)三類(lèi)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列句復(fù)合句★特殊句式★主謂一致八種句子成分四類(lèi)句子五種簡(jiǎn)單句名詞性從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句CONTENTS八種句子成分八種句子成分主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)01主語(yǔ)Subject主語(yǔ) Subject主語(yǔ)

(subject)

是句子陳述的對(duì)象或行為動(dòng)作的主體，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分來(lái)充當(dāng)。名詞作主語(yǔ)Theflowersmells

great.代詞作主語(yǔ)Ilove

you.數(shù)詞Twoplustwoequals

four.主語(yǔ) Subject主語(yǔ)

(subject)

是句子陳述的對(duì)象或行為動(dòng)作的主體，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分來(lái)充當(dāng)。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Seeingis

believing.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)Todosuchajobneedsabetter

knowledge.從句作主語(yǔ)WhatImeanistowork

harder.練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的主語(yǔ)?！?017閱讀】(⑴)Theword“cheeseburger”waspatentedbyLouisBallastin1944.“芝士漢堡”這個(gè)詞在1944年被路易斯·道布爾申請(qǐng)了專(zhuān)利。(2)TheproliferationoftestinginschoolshasbecomeoneofthemostcontentioustopicsinU.S.

education.學(xué)?？荚嚨姆簽E已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)教育中最具爭(zhēng)議的話題之一。主語(yǔ) Subject02謂語(yǔ)Predicate謂語(yǔ) Predicate謂語(yǔ)

(predicate)

是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述和說(shuō)明，只能由動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。(1)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)Theflowersmellsgreat.

Ilove

you.Twoplustwoequals

four.謂語(yǔ) Predicate謂語(yǔ)

(predicate)

是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述和說(shuō)明，只能由動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。(2)

復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：核心動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)

Imaybewrong.Icanspeakalittle

English.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthe

park.練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)。【2015閱讀】Iamnotraisingthe

children.Onlyafewcouldaffordthatincity

centers.We

shouldalllookforwardto

the

time.謂語(yǔ) Predicate謂語(yǔ) Predicate一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。Iafraidit'stoo

late.Getupearlyisgoodforour

health.×

謂語(yǔ)缺失Iam

afraid

it's

too

late.

√×

雙謂語(yǔ)Gettingup

early

is

good

for

our

health.

√Thebrideabsentfromthewedding

today.Mostofthestudentsagainstthis

plan.Everythingbeyondmy

control.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)改正下列句子中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。Thebrideabsentfromthewedding

today.Mostofthestudentsagainstthis

plan.Everythingbeyondmy

control.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)改正下列句子中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。wasaregoes練習(xí)：請(qǐng)改正下列句子中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。Myfavoritesportisplayfootball.Hisparentswantedhimworkhard.Isawhimwalked

intothe

building.Therearefourgirlslive

inthat

house.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)改正下列句子中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。playingMyfavoritesportisplay

football.toworkHisparentswantedhimwork

hard.walkingIsawhimwalked

intothe

building.livingTherearefourgirlslive

inthat

house.03賓語(yǔ)Object賓語(yǔ) Object賓語(yǔ)

(object)

是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者，一般放在及物動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或介詞之后。在及物動(dòng)詞之后（動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)）Ilove

you.在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后Hetookoff

his

shoes.在介詞之后（介賓結(jié)構(gòu)）Wearein

the

house.某些形容詞可以接賓語(yǔ)Thebookisworth

reading.賓語(yǔ) Object賓語(yǔ)

(object)

由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分來(lái)充當(dāng)。名詞作賓語(yǔ)Sheisplayingthepiano

now.代詞作賓語(yǔ)Wealllike

him.數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ)Giveme

five.賓語(yǔ) Object賓語(yǔ)

(object)

由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分來(lái)充當(dāng)。不定式作賓語(yǔ)Iwouldliketohelpyou.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)Wealllike

reading.從句作賓語(yǔ)Ithinkheis

right.【注意】一個(gè)句子可以包含多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)?！?013閱讀】

Someprofoundemptinessmightresultfrom

cancellingitfora

day.

Nearlyone-in-fivepeoplecurrentlyintheUKwilllive

toseetheir100th

birthday.

Ithas

whatnutritionistsliketocall“biological

plausibility”.04表語(yǔ)Predicative表語(yǔ) Predicative表語(yǔ)

(predicative)

用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)，放在連系動(dòng)詞(be,

感官動(dòng)詞等)

之后。Youare

right.Therosesmells

great.Itsounds

interesting.表語(yǔ) Predicative表語(yǔ)

(predicative)

常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。名詞作表語(yǔ)Heisa

Canadian.形容詞作表語(yǔ)Ifeelgood

today.代詞作表語(yǔ)Itwillbesomething

special.表語(yǔ) Predicative表語(yǔ)

(predicative)

常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)Twoplustwois

four.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)Myhobbyis

reading.介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)Somewildanimalsarein

danger.表語(yǔ) Predicative表語(yǔ)

(predicative)

由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。副詞作表語(yǔ)Thesunis

up.從句作表語(yǔ)ThisiswhatI

mean.不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)Herdreamistobea

singer.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的表語(yǔ)?！?015閱讀】Cheatingseemstoencourage

creativity."Dad,thehouseisonfire!"Marcos

cried.Theproblemisthatmanyofthese"boring"coursesare

usuallyfundamentalcourses.05補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

(complement)最常見(jiàn)的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

(objectcomplement)，通常緊跟在賓語(yǔ)之后，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。賓補(bǔ)由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式等充當(dāng)。(3)

分詞作賓補(bǔ)Ihearher

singing.

Ihadmyhair

cut.形容詞作賓補(bǔ)Ifindyou

beautiful.名詞作賓補(bǔ)Iconsiderhim

a

liar.補(bǔ)語(yǔ) Complement補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

(complement)

最常見(jiàn)的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（賓補(bǔ)），通常緊跟在賓語(yǔ)之后，對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。賓補(bǔ)由形容詞、名詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式等充當(dāng)。(6)

副詞作賓補(bǔ)Ifoundhim

out.不定式作賓補(bǔ)Iaskedhim

to

leave.介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)Ifoundhim

at

home.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓補(bǔ)?！?015閱讀】theyheardsomeoneyelling

outside.Anemployee'sweb-portalallowsemployeestocompete

againsteachotherinwork-relatedvideo

games.06定語(yǔ)Attribute定語(yǔ) Attribute定語(yǔ)(attribute)

是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，主要由形容詞充當(dāng)，名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等也都可以作定語(yǔ)。形容詞作定語(yǔ)Ilikethebeautiful

dress.名詞作定語(yǔ)Iateacheese

cake.代詞/名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)MybrotherlovesTom's

painting.定語(yǔ) Attribute定語(yǔ)(attribute)

是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，主要由形容詞充當(dāng)，名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等也都可以作定語(yǔ)。副詞作定語(yǔ)Theboythereismylittle

brother.介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)Theboyinblueismylittle

brother.不定式作定語(yǔ)Theboytowritethisletterneedsa

pen.定語(yǔ) Attribute定語(yǔ)(attribute)

是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，主要由形容詞充當(dāng)，名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等也都可以作定語(yǔ)。分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)Theboypassingbyismylittle

brother.從句作定語(yǔ)ThisisthedaywhichI'llnever

forget.定語(yǔ) Attribute定語(yǔ)

(attribute)的位置分為兩種前置定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)在所修飾的詞之前aninterestinglittleredFrenchoil

painting后置定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)在所修飾的詞之后①短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)abasket

fullofeggstheboy

sitting

there定語(yǔ) Attribute(2)后置定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)在所修飾的詞之后②復(fù)合不定代詞(由some-,

any-,no-,

every-加上-one,

-body,-thing,-where,-time所組成的不定代詞)作定語(yǔ)Letmeshowyousomething

funny.③副詞作定語(yǔ)Thepeople

herearevery

friendly.④起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用的單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)Allthepeople

involvedshouldstay

here.練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)。【2015高中】Heimmediatelyrepliedwithanemphatic“YES”totherequestthatheattendthepublic

hearing.Theyarebuyingonlytheonesthathitthemlikean

arrowthroughthe

heart.07狀語(yǔ)Adverbial狀語(yǔ) Adverbial狀語(yǔ)

(adverbial)

是說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等狀態(tài)的成分，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。Surprisingly,we

won.ImetLucy

inarestaurant

last

week.Weworkedhard,fromsunriseto

sunset.狀語(yǔ) Adverbial狀語(yǔ)

(adverbial)

一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等充當(dāng)。副詞作狀語(yǔ)Soonthelostboyfoundhiswayback

home.不定式作狀語(yǔ)Hemadegreateffortstorealizehis

dream.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)Theboywaspraisedforhis

bravery.狀語(yǔ) Adverbial狀語(yǔ)

(adverbial)

一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等充當(dāng)。從句作狀語(yǔ)