地球快要變成“塑料星球”等2則外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練-2023屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

外刊精讀精練

地球快要變成"塑料星球〃

導(dǎo)讀：

氣候變化僅僅是地球遇到的挑戰(zhàn)之一，我們所居住的星球還面臨

著堆積如山的垃圾和廢棄物，尤其是白色垃圾。一項(xiàng)研究說，自1950

年至今，人類已生產(chǎn)出83億噸塑料制品，并尚未找到有效處理和回收

塑料制品的方法。我們能做些什么呢？

一、語篇泛讀

Vocabulary:Environment詞匯:環(huán)境

Here'sastaggeringstatistic.Scientistshavecalculatedthetotal

amountofplasticevermade:8.3billiontonnes.Lookedatanotherway,

that'sasheavyas25,000EmpireStateBuildingsoronebillion

elephants.Andincredibly,almostallofithasbeenmadeinthelast65

years.

Sowhat'stheproblem?Muchplasticisintheform

ofpackagingwhichisusedjustonceandthenthrownaway.According

toamajornewstudyfromtheUdiversityofCalifornia,9%ofthisis

recyled,12%isincineratedand79%goestolandfill.Andbecausemost

plasticdoesn'tbiodegrade,onceit'sintheground,itstaysthere.

It'sasituationthathasledthepaper'sleadauthor,ecologistDr

RolandGeyer,tosaythatweare“rapidlyheadingtowards'Planet

Plastic'”.Hebelievesthatthere'saIreadyenoughwasteoutthereto

coverthewholeofArgentina.

Theteambehindthisreportalsoestimatethateightmillion

tonnesofplasticwasteareescapingintotheseaeveryyear.Thishas

generatedconcernthatplasticisenteringthefoodchain,thoughfish

andothersealifewhichingestthesmallerfragments.

Ofcourse,thereasonwhythere'ssomuchplasticaroundisthat

it'sanamazinglyusefulmaterial.Wecan'tgetenoughofit.

It'sdurableandadaptable,andisusedforeverythingfromyoghurt

potstospaceships.Butit'spreciselythisqualitywhichmakesita

problem.Theonlywaytodestroyplasticistoheatorburnit-

althoughthishasthesideeffectofharmfulemissions.

Sowhat'sthealternative,otherthanusingless

plastic?OceanographerDrErikvanSebilIefromUtrechtUniversitysays

we'refacinga"tsunami"ofplasticwaste,andthattheglobalwaste

industryneedsto"getitsacttogether".

ProfessorRichardThompson,amarinebiologistfromPlymouth

Udiversity,saysit'spoordesignthat'satfault.Hesaysthatifproducts

arecurrentlydesigned“withrecyclabilityinmind”,theycouldbe

recyledaround20timesover.

DrGeyeragrees:"Theholygrailofrecyclingistokeepmaterialin

useandintheloopforeverifyoucan.Butitturnsoutinourstudythat

actually90%ofthatmaterialthatdidgetrecycled-whichIthinkwe

calculatedwas600milliontonnes-onlygotrecycledonce."

二、詞匯表

staggering令人震驚的

packaging包裝材料

incinerate被焚毀的

landfill垃圾填埋場(chǎng)

biodegrade生物降解

ecologist生態(tài)學(xué)家

foodchain食物鏈

ingest咽下（食物）

fragment碎片,碎塊

durable耐用的

adaptable適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的

emission排放物

oceanographer海洋學(xué)家

tsunami海嘯

getyouracttogether合理安排，有條理地籌劃

marinebiologist海洋生物學(xué)家

atfault有責(zé)任，有過錯(cuò)

recyclability可再利用性

loop循環(huán)

turnout結(jié)果是（尤指出乎意料的結(jié)果）

三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Wheredoesthegreatestproportionofplasticwastego?

2.Howmightplasticenterthefoodweeat?

3.WhatdoProfessorThompsonandDrGeyeragreeabout?

4.Whichwordmeans'abilitytoberecycled,?

5.Trueorfalse:Thefactthatplasticisdurableisgoodforthe

environment.

請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的

單詞填入句子的空格處。

1.Marinebiologyand________arerelatedsubjects.

ecologistmarines

oceanographer

oceanography

2.As,1studytherelationshipsbetweenalllivingthings

andtheirenvironment.

anecologist

achemist

anoceanographer

apsychologist

3.Youneedtogettogether.Youcan'tkeeponhandingin

yourhomeworklate.

theactmyact

thisactyouract

4.Becauseitdoesn't,plasticwasteisveryharmfultothe

environment.

emitingest

biodegrade

incinerate

5.Findinganewformofenergyistheholygrailformany

environmentalists.

cleanandrenewable

fossilfuel

cheap

modernandimpressive

【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Wheredoesthegreatestproportionofplasticwastego?

Anestimated79%ofplasticwasteendsupinlandfill.

2.Howmightplasticenterthefoodweeat?

It'sthoughtthatsmallfragmentsofplasticareingestedbyfishand

othersealife,andfromthereitentersthefoodchain.

3.WhatdoProfessorThompsonandDrGeyeragreeabout?

Theyagreethatproductsneedtoberecycledmanytimesover,not

justonce.

4.Whichwordmeans'abilitytoberecycled,?

Recyclability.

5.Trueorfalse:Thefactthatplasticisdurableisgoodforthe

environment.

False.Plasticbeingdurableisbadfortheenvironment,becauseit

needstobedisposedofinotherways.

請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的

單詞填入句子的空格處。

1.Marinebiologyandoceanographyarerelatedsubjects.

2.Asecologist,Istudytherelationshipsbetweenalllivingthings

andtheirenvironment.

3.Youneedtogetyouracttogether.Youcan/tkeeponhandingin

yourhomeworklate.

4.Becauseitdoesn'tbiodegrade,plasticwasteisveryharmfulto

theenvironment.

5.Findinganewformofcleanandrenewableenergyistheholy

grailformanyenvironmentalists.

如何變得魅力四射？

導(dǎo)讀：

為什么有的人招人喜歡，人見人愛？為什么有的人不管走到哪里

都可以廣交朋友？本集《外刊精讀》教你如何與人建立融洽的關(guān)系及

社交禮儀中友誼的"黃金法則"。

一、語篇泛讀

Vocabulary:socialetiquette詞匯：社交禮儀

Lifeisn'tfair.Somepeoplejustseemblessedwiththeability

toeffortlesslycharmanyonetheymeet.Youknowthekindofperson,

theonewhocanstrikeupaconversationwithacompletestrangerand

endupwithanewfriendorbusinesslead.Howdotheydoit?

Well,itmightseemlikeamagicalpower,butinfacttherearea

numberoffactorsatwork.So,canyoulearnto

developsuperhumancharm?Theansweris:toalargeextent,yesyou

can.

Butfirst,thebadnews.Scientistshavefoundthatpeopleinitially

judgeeachotherbasedpurelyonphysicalappearance.Withjusta

fleetingglimpseofaface,peoplemakesnapjudgementsabouteach

other'slikeability,trustworthinessandconfidence,accordingto

AlexanderTodorov,professorofpsychologyatPrincetonUniversity.

Howtocounteractthis?There'soneincrediblysimpletool:your

smile.TodorovtoldtheBBCthatpeopleperceiveasmilingfaceas

moretrustworthy,warmerandsociable”.Itsoundslikecommonsense,

doesn'tit?Smileandotherswillsmilewithyou.

Whatothertricksmightwehaveupoursleeves?FormerFBIagent

JackSchaferhasbeentrainedinhowtoinfluencepeople.HetoldBBC

Capital:"Ourbrainsarealwayssurveyingtheenvironmentforfriend

orfoesignals,"Threethingswecandotosignalthatwearenota

threatareto:raiseoureyebrowsquickly,tiltourheadsslightly,and,

onceagain,tosmile.

Sowe'velookedatbodylanguage,butofcoursewhatyousayis

hugelyimportanttoo,unlessyouwanttojuststand

theregrinningfoolishly.HereSchaferrecommendsthat“thegolden

ruleoffriendshipisifyoumakepeoplefeelgoodaboutthemselves,

they'regoingtolikeyou."Inotherwords,youneedtoshowinterestin

them,insteadoftalkingaboutyourselfandallyourwonderful

achievements.Andwhileyou'rechatting,rememberthis:anotherway

ofshowinginterestistomirrortheirphysicalposition.

Anotherwaytoformaconnection?Findcommonground.Suzanne

deJanasz,aprofessorofmanagementwithSeattleUniversity,saysthat

charmingpeopleareparticularlyadeptatseekingoutsharedinterests

orexperiencestohelpthembuildrapport.Simplethingslikeasking

wheresomeone'sfromreallycanopenupadiscussionandaIlowyouto

findareasincommon.Andifallelsefails,youcanfallbackonthat

mostBritishoftopics:theweather.Gloriousday,isn'tit?

二、詞匯表

blessed命好的，幸運(yùn)的

effortlessly不費(fèi)吹灰之力地

strikeupaconversation（與人）攀談

completestranger徹頭徹尾的陌生人

lead線索，頭緒

superhuman超乎常人的

toalargeextent在很大程度上

snapjudgement快速、草率的判斷

likeability喜歡程度

trustworthiness可信度

counteract對(duì)抗

sociable合群的，好交際的

havesomethingupyoursleeve"留一手"，暗藏某物以備不時(shí)之需

foe敵人

tilt（使）傾斜

grin咧嘴笑

goldenrule黃金法則，重要的原則

mirror效仿

commonground共同點(diǎn)

rapport融洽的關(guān)系

fallbackon借助于

三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Whyistalkingaboutyourselfabadidea?

2.Whichfourthingscanwedowithourbodiestohelpusconnect

withothers?

3.Doestheauthorseemsurprisedthatsmilingisagoodidea?

4.Whichwordmeans'stupidly"?

5.Trueorfalse:Ourappearanceinfluenceswhatothersthinkof

us.

請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的

單詞填入句子的空格處。

1.Don'tworryaboutLewis.Hehasafewsleeve.

tricksforyour

tricksinhis

tricksuphis

tricksupyour

2.Wehaveno.I'msorry,wejustdon'tshareanyinterests

atall.

charmmirror

incommon

commonground

3.Meicarriedhernewfridgeallthewayhomefromtheshop.She

hasstrength.

superhumanblessed

commoneffortless

4.I'vealwaysbeenvery.Ipreferbeingwithotherpeople

thanonmyown.

likeableconfident

trustworthysociable

5.Idon'tagreewithyou.Whatyousayistrueextent,but

mostofitisinaccurate.

toyourtosome

tonotoalarge

【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問題。

1.Whyistalkingaboutyourselfabadidea?

JackSchaferbelievesthebestwaytomakefriendsistoshowinterest

inotherpeopleandmakethemfeelgoodaboutthemselves,rather

thantalkaboutyourself.

2.Whichfourthingscanwedowithourbodiestohelpusconnect

withothers?

Smiling,tiltingourheads,raisingoure