客戶(hù)端與服務(wù)器端

Qt編寫(xiě)TCP通訊程序客戶(hù)端與服務(wù)器端說(shuō)明：這是本人的練手之作，學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)程序花費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間，學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中借鑒了網(wǎng)友的成果?，F(xiàn)在百忙之中將我的學(xué)習(xí)成果制作成學(xué)習(xí)教程供大家學(xué)習(xí)。同時(shí)我也希望大家都將自己的學(xué)習(xí)成果發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上，讓大家共享。由于我是初學(xué)者，該程序肯定會(huì)有BUG和許多需要改進(jìn)的地方。有需要討論的請(qǐng)加我的QQ:489478088,加我時(shí)請(qǐng)注明：QT學(xué)習(xí)討論?；蛘呒尤胛业腝Q群84998716。下載源代碼后，由于不同版本的QTCreator創(chuàng)建的環(huán)境不同，可能無(wú)法正確運(yùn)行，所以打開(kāi)后，QTCreator可能會(huì)提示QTCreator發(fā)現(xiàn)其他環(huán)境的配置文件，問(wèn)是否要載入，選擇No。提示如下：這時(shí)要選擇NO。如果還無(wú)法運(yùn)行，那你就只好新建一個(gè)工程，把我的源文件代碼全部復(fù)制到你的新建工程里，再運(yùn)行。下面，開(kāi)始講解如何編寫(xiě)TCP測(cè)試軟件：第一步，創(chuàng)建工程，選中QtNetwork支持，基類(lèi)選擇Widget。如果創(chuàng)建工程中沒(méi)有QtNetwork選項(xiàng)，在工程建好后，在工程文件*.pro文件里QT+=coregui語(yǔ)句后面加入QT+=network否則編譯將出現(xiàn)“QNetworkInterface:Nosuchfileo”等錯(cuò)誤第二步，新建->文件或工程->選擇QT項(xiàng)目->選擇qt設(shè)計(jì)師界面類(lèi)->選擇Dialogwithoutbuttons,類(lèi)名為client,完成。編輯clientui界面，右擊空白部分，將對(duì)象名稱(chēng)改為“client”，在界面添加標(biāo)簽按鈕等，添加完成如下：第三步，服務(wù)器地址行編輯器（LineEdit）的對(duì)象名改為clientIPlineEdit；數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送區(qū)行編輯器（LineEdit）的對(duì)象名改為clientMessagelineEdit；端口行編輯器（LineEdit）的對(duì)象名改為clientPortlineEdit；數(shù)據(jù)顯示區(qū)行編輯器（textBrowser）的對(duì)象名改為messagetextBrowser；發(fā)送按鈕的對(duì)象名改為clientSendpushButton；清空按鈕的對(duì)象名改為cCleanpushButton；連接按鈕的對(duì)象名改為connectpushButton；斷開(kāi)按鈕的對(duì)象名改為disconnectpushButton；Ready標(biāo)簽的對(duì)象名改為cStatuslabel。第四步，編輯client.h文件添加：#include<QNetworkInterface>#include<QtNetwork>2.在函數(shù)classclient:publicQDialog添加private:QList<QHostAddress>IPlist;QTcpServer*tcpServer;QTcpSocket*tcpClient;QStringclientPort;QStringserverIP;QStringclientMessage;//客戶(hù)端發(fā)出的信息QStringmessage;quint16blockSize;//存放文件的大小信息QTcpSocket*clientConnection;privateslots:voidclientSendMessage();voidupdateStatus();voidreadMessage();//接收數(shù)據(jù)out<<(quint16)(block.size()-sizeof(quint16));tcpClient->write(block);if(clientMessage.contains("clientStop"))return;ui->messagetextBrowser->insertPlainText(tr("sendmessage:%1\n").arg(clientMessage));}//客戶(hù)端錯(cuò)誤提示voidclient::displayError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError){QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("Warnning"),tcpClient->errorString());tcpClient->close();ui->connectpushButton->setEnabled(true);ui->disconnectpushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->clientSendpushButton->setEnabled(false);}//客戶(hù)端更新連接狀態(tài)voidclient::updateClientStatusConnect(){ui->cStatuslabel->setText(tr("已連接"));ui->connectpushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->disconnectpushButton->setEnabled(true);ui->clientSendpushButton->setEnabled(true);}//客戶(hù)端更新斷開(kāi)狀態(tài)voidclient::updateClientStatusDisconnect(){ui->cStatuslabel->setText(tr("已斷開(kāi)"));tcpClient->close();ui->connectpushButton->setEnabled(true);ui->disconnectpushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->clientSendpushButton->setEnabled(false);}//需要自己添加的函數(shù)voidclient::updateStatus(){//暫時(shí)為空}//客戶(hù)端讀取信息voidclient::readMessage(){QDataStreamin(tcpClient);in.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_7);if(blockSize==0){//判斷接收的數(shù)據(jù)是否有兩字節(jié)，也就是文件的大小信息//如果有則保存到blockSize變量中，沒(méi)有則返回，繼續(xù)接收數(shù)據(jù)if(tcpClient->bytesAvailable()<(int)sizeof(quint16))return;in>>blockSize;}if(tcpClient->bytesAvailable()<blockSize)//如果沒(méi)有得到全部的數(shù)據(jù)，則返回，繼續(xù)接收數(shù)據(jù)return;in>>message;if(message.contains("serverStop"))//如果收到是服務(wù)器停止監(jiān)聽(tīng)的信息{tcpClient->close();ui->cStatuslabel->setText(tr("服務(wù)器斷開(kāi)連接"));blockSize=0;return;}ui->messagetextBrowser->insertPlainText(tr("reveivedmessage:%1\n").arg(message));blockSize=0;}//客戶(hù)端創(chuàng)建套接字voidclient::createServerSocket(){clientConnection=tcpServer->nextPendingConnection();connect(clientConnection,SIGNAL(disconnected()),clientConnection,SLOT(deleteLater()));}這樣，客戶(hù)端就編寫(xiě)好了。第六步，編輯main.cpp文件，該文件修改后如下：#include<QtGui/QApplication>#include"widget.h"#include"client.h"intmain(intargc,char*argv[]){QApplicationa(argc,argv);Widgetw;//w.show();clientw1;w1.show();returna.exec();}可以看到效果如下，注意標(biāo)題欄改成“客戶(hù)端”后可能出現(xiàn)亂碼，原因是沒(méi)有添加中文支持，如何添加中文支持將在后面講解。第七步，編輯widget.ui界面文件，添加標(biāo)簽和按鈕，如下服務(wù)器地址行編輯器（Combobox）的對(duì)象名改為serverIPcomboBox；數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送區(qū)行編輯器（LineEdit）的對(duì)象名改為serverMessagelineEdit；端口行編輯器（LineEdit）的對(duì)象名改為serverPortlineEdit；數(shù)據(jù)顯示區(qū)行編輯器（LineEdit）的對(duì)象名改為servertextBrowser；發(fā)送按鈕的對(duì)象名改為serverSendpushButton；清空按鈕的對(duì)象名改為sCleanpushButton；偵聽(tīng)按鈕的對(duì)象名改為listenpushButton；停止按鈕的對(duì)象名改為stoppushButton；Ready標(biāo)簽的對(duì)象名改為statuslabel。第八步，編輯widget.h文件添加#include<QNetworkInterface>#include<QtNetwork>在類(lèi)classWidget:publicQWidget里面添加public:explicitWidget(QWidget*parent=0);~Widget();voidgetLocalIP();//獲取本機(jī)IP地址private:Ui::Widget*ui;QList<QHostAddress>IPlist;QTcpServer*tcpServer;QStringserverPort;QStringserverIP;QStringserverMessage;//服務(wù)端發(fā)出的信息QStringmessage;quint16blockSize;//存放文件的大小信息QTcpSocket*clientConnection;privateslots:voidserverSendMessage();voidon_listenpushButton_clicked();voidupdateStatus();voiddisplayErrorS(QAbstractSocket::SocketError);//顯示服務(wù)端錯(cuò)誤voidscreateServerSocket();voidon_sCleanpushButton_clicked();voidon_stoppushButton_clicked();voidserverReadMessage();第九步，編輯widget.cpp文件1.添加#include<QMessageBox>2.構(gòu)造函數(shù)修改如下：Widget::Widget(QWidget*parent):QWidget(parent),ui(newUi::Widget){ui->setupUi(this);getLocalIP();clientConnection=NULL;connect(ui->serverSendpushButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(serverSendMessage()));//ui->serverSendpushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->serverSendpushButton->setEnabled(true);ui->stoppushButton->setEnabled(false);}打開(kāi)widget.ui界面，單擊界面的空白處，將界面的Windowstittle的屬性改為“服務(wù)器端”。在widget.ui界面分別右擊“清空”、“偵聽(tīng)”、“停止”按鈕，選擇“gotoslot”，信號(hào)選擇clicked().各函數(shù)修改如下：//偵聽(tīng)按鈕槽函數(shù)voidWidget::on_listenpushButton_clicked(){serverPort=ui->serverPortlineEdit->text();serverIP=ui->serverIPcomboBox->currentText();if(serverPort.isEmpty()){QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("Warnning"),tr("端口號(hào)不能為空"));return;}tcpServer=newQTcpServer(this);if(!tcpServer->listen(QHostAddress::Any,serverPort.toInt())){QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("Warnning"),tcpServer->errorString());close();}connect(tcpServer,SIGNAL(newConnection()),this,SLOT(updateStatus()));connect(tcpServer,SIGNAL(newConnection()),this,SLOT(screateServerSocket()));//有新的連接到來(lái)，則開(kāi)始創(chuàng)建套接字ui->statuslabel->setText(tr("開(kāi)始監(jiān)聽(tīng)"));ui->listenpushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->stoppushButton->setEnabled(true);}//清空按鈕槽函數(shù)voidWidget::on_sCleanpushButton_clicked(){ui->servertextBrowser->setText("");}//停止按鈕槽函數(shù)voidWidget::on_stoppushButton_clicked(){ui->serverMessagelineEdit->setText(tr("serverStop"));//發(fā)送服務(wù)端停止監(jiān)聽(tīng)信息serverSendMessage();ui->serverMessagelineEdit->setText(tr(""));tcpServer->close();ui->statuslabel->setText(tr("停止監(jiān)聽(tīng)"));ui->listenpushButton->setEnabled(true);ui->stoppushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->serverSendpushButton->setEnabled(false);}將其余函數(shù)補(bǔ)充完整：//服務(wù)器端讀取信息voidWidget::serverReadMessage(){QDataStreamin(clientConnection);in.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_7);if(blockSize==0){//判斷接收的數(shù)據(jù)是否有兩字節(jié)，也就是文件的大小信息//如果有則保存到blockSize變量中，沒(méi)有則返回，繼續(xù)接收數(shù)據(jù)if(clientConnection->bytesAvailable()<(int)sizeof(quint16))return;in>>blockSize;}if(clientConnection->bytesAvailable()<blockSize)//如果沒(méi)有得到全部的數(shù)據(jù)，則返回，繼續(xù)接收數(shù)據(jù)return;in>>message;if(message.contains("clientStop"))//如果收到是客戶(hù)端斷開(kāi)連接的信息{clientConnection->close();ui->serverSendpushButton->setEnabled(false);ui->statuslabel->setText(tr("客戶(hù)端斷開(kāi)連接"));blockSize=0;return;}ui->servertextBrowser->insertPlainText(tr("reveivedmessage:%1\n").arg(message));blockSize=0;}//服務(wù)器端發(fā)送信息voidWidget::serverSendMessage(){if(!clientConnection)//判斷有沒(méi)有實(shí)例化if(!(clientConnection=tcpServer->nextPendingConnection()))//沒(méi)有客戶(hù)端連接{return;}serverMessage=ui->serverMessagelineEdit->text();if(serverMessage.isEmpty()){QMessageBox::warning(this,tr("Warnning"),tr("請(qǐng)輸入發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)"));return;}QByteArrayblock;QDataStreamout(&block,QIODevice::WriteOnly);out.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_4_7);out<<(quint16)0;out<<serverMessage;out.device()->seek(0);out<<(quint16)(block.size()-sizeof(quint16));connect(clientConnection,SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),this,SLOT(displayErrorS(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));clientConnection->write(block);if(serverMessage.contains("serverStop"))return;ui->servertextBrowser->insertPlainText(tr("sendmessage:%1\n").arg(serverMessage));}voidWidget::getLocalIP(){IPlist=QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();foreach(QHostAddressIP,IPlist){ui->serverIPcomboBox->addItem(IP.toString());}}//需要自己添加的函數(shù)voidWidget::updateStatus(){//暫時(shí)為空}//服務(wù)器端創(chuàng)建套接字voidWidget::screateServerSocket(){ui->statuslabel->setText(tr("客戶(hù)端已連接"));ui->serverSendpushButton->setEnabled(true);clientConnection=tcpServer->nextPendingC