2019年英語六級(jí)閱讀理解試題庫及答案

年英語六級(jí)閱讀理解試題庫及答案Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit."AmIinthis?"heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,"Hethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief."Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.The"ignorantnatives"mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssought"pure"picturesof"primitive"cultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresentonly"kindly"visionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionof"anidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict."LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.練習(xí)題1.Themainideaofthepassageis______________.[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften_________.[A]tookpictureswiththenatives[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato___________.[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.4.“Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.”Inthissentence,the“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto_______.[A]theindigenousculture[B]theWesternculture[C]theacademicculture[D]thenewsbusinessculture5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.[B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.答案及解析1.答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.解析：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同時(shí)，為了不與西方讀者的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)價(jià)值觀發(fā)生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較為落后的社會(huì)中人們的生活。他們經(jīng)常有意刪除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一個(gè)西方讀者想象中的，經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)的，有異域風(fēng)情的，沒有痛苦和階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)落后社會(huì)的畫面。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會(huì)美好一面的照片”的默契。2.答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands解析：文章第二段說，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.可見早期到原始社會(huì)旅行回來的人往往對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r夸大其詞。在照相機(jī)發(fā)明之后，科學(xué)家能更好地客觀反映那些遠(yuǎn)方地區(qū)的真實(shí)情況。3.答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的1962年獲得7項(xiàng)奧斯卡大獎(jiǎng)的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》(導(dǎo)演：DAVIDLEAN)中的一個(gè)片段。該電影本來與作者要講的題目并無直接關(guān)系。作者僅僅通過一個(gè)電影中描述的場(chǎng)景來說明一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會(huì)，那里的人們對(duì)現(xiàn)代的文明，和從沒見過的現(xiàn)代文明的產(chǎn)物容易產(chǎn)生誤解。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機(jī)，因?yàn)樗麘岩桑菑奈匆娺^的玩意兒會(huì)偷走他的“美好品德(VIRTUE)”。但是，作者在下文說，那些土著居民的擔(dān)心并非全無道理。因?yàn)槲鞣降挠浾吆蛯W(xué)者們，為了描繪一個(gè)西方人心目中固有的土著社會(huì)(或者經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展欠發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì))的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的趣味。在短文中，作者有時(shí)候并不開宗明義，直奔主題，而是利用人們都熟悉的文化元素，例如詩歌，書籍，電影，歌曲等，引起讀者對(duì)其討論話題的興趣，然后再引入主題。并不是每一篇文章都會(huì)開門見山，讀者不應(yīng)該把每篇文章的首尾句都當(dāng)成對(duì)文章大意的總結(jié)。4.答案是[A]theindigenousculture解析：Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.本句是文章切入主題的重點(diǎn)句?？忌鷳?yīng)該格外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現(xiàn)的，以轉(zhuǎn)折詞(例如，HOWEVER，BUT，NEVERTHELESS，NONETHELESS等)開頭的句子。那往往是作者敘述傳統(tǒng)論點(diǎn)，或者普遍看法的關(guān)鍵地方。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學(xué)家拍攝的照片展現(xiàn)的與其說是那個(gè)盯視著照相機(jī)的(被拍攝的)文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機(jī)的(西方)文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方攝影者的偏見和對(duì)落后文化固有的看法，反映的是西方的價(jià)值觀，并不是完全真實(shí)客觀的那些不發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)的寫照。這句話基本上是對(duì)文章中心意思的總結(jié)。如果對(duì)文章的主題有大致的認(rèn)識(shí)，就不會(huì)將本題選錯(cuò)。5.答案是[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.解析：CatherineLutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READINGNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她們?cè)跁袑懙?，《國家地理》雜志自從1888年創(chuàng)刊以來，就一直刊登那些不和美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)白人的價(jià)值觀發(fā)生沖突的照片。照片中可以表現(xiàn)袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，但是白人婦女的胸部就是禁止刊登的對(duì)象。她們認(rèn)為，這樣做的后果就是，在那些西方主流雜志中展現(xiàn)的，似乎是相對(duì)而言沒有痛苦的，也不存在階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)。因此答案CThewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties(西方媒體并沒有展現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的真實(shí)畫面)最能表現(xiàn)該作者的觀點(diǎn)。2019年英語六級(jí)閱讀理解試題庫及答案(12)TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.練習(xí)題1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?[A]Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.[B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.[C]Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause____________.[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.[D]Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.3.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?[A]Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.[B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.[C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren’scheatingbehaviour.[D]CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?[A]Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.5.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?[A]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.[B]Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.[D]Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.答案及解析1.答案是[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.解析：文章第一段說，Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.可見，到目前為止，我們還不很了解醫(yī)學(xué)院作弊現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重程度，也不甚明了如何對(duì)該類現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行預(yù)防和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient(不充足的)，那么[A][B][C]所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。只有[D]的敘述正確。2.答案是[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.解析：作者在第二段說，人們一致認(rèn)為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。在醫(yī)學(xué)院就作弊的學(xué)生通常比其他人更容易做出欺騙病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了，對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅(jiān)決打擊。[B]項(xiàng)說的是打擊作弊行為的結(jié)果，而不是原因。[C]醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府，[D]醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。3.答案是[A]Family,cultureandsoc