不與定冠詞連用時(shí)

TableManners

Chinavs.AmericaEatingHabitsinChinaWheneatingriceholdbowlclosetomouthEatlightlyatmeals,couldbeupto20coursesEatingHabitsinAmericaFoodispassedtotherightTrylittleofeverythingKeeptableclothcleanFoodliftedtomouthRepulsivetotalkwithmouthfullNoelbowsontableChina’sChopsticksChopsticksforeatingricePoliteiftrytousechopsticksBadluckinsetparallelontopofbowl,ordroppedRudeifchopsticksarestuckstraightupinbowl

AmericansUtensilsOnlyspoonprovidedissoupspoonSaladforkhasthickertine

MostinnerforkandknifeareformeatIfteaorcoffeeisgoingtobeservedateaspoonwillbebroughtoutwithitChineseHotTowel

HottowelisprovidedatendofmealSoonecanwipehandsandmouthatendofmeal

AmericanNapkinOnceseatedputnapkinonlapOnlymeanttodabthelipsandnotgetdirtyAftermealplacenapkinlooselynearplateNapkinshouldnotbecrumpledortwistedAtinformaloccasionisusedtocleanupmessthatoccurredduringmealChineseTableMannersNotrudetoreachinfrontofsomeonetograbsomethingPolitetoreachforfoodwithchopsticksChinesehostliketoputfoodonyourplateforyouPlacebonesorseedsindifferentdishYourhostwillfillupyourdishifitisemptyAmericanTableMannersFoodispassedaroundthetableIfsomethingisoutofyourreach,youaskpolitelyforsomeonetopassittoyouNotrudetoleaveplatefullNotrudetoleaveyourplateemptyNotrudetotakelastitemoffdishSpecialOccasionsinChinaBigelaboratemealsUsuallyheldatrestaurantsthatconsistof10ormorecoursesRiceisnotservedSpecialOccasionsinAmericaUsuallyonlygatherforspecialoccasionsorholidaysFamiliestravelacrosscountryforspecialmealsExtracookingandpreparingMaincontentThisessayisawell-organizedpieceofargumentation.Themainideathattheauthorarguesforisthatgoodmannershelpyoubuildupyourownimageandworkwondersforthepersononthereceivingend.

WritingstyleNarration()Description()Exposition()Argumentation()Thisessayisapieceofargumentationonthenecessityandsignificanceofgoodmanners.

divisionPart1Part2Part3Part4(Para1)(Para2-4)(Para5-10)(Para11)Structureanalysisofthetext(3)Para1Inparagraph1,thewriterstatesandprovethatmanypeopleinpresenttimesarenotaspoliteaspeopleinthepast.HeconvincinglyillustratesthissocialphenomenonwithspecificimpolitemannerssheseesinNewYork.Structureanalysisofthetext(4)Para2-4Inthesethreeparagraphs,thewriterputsforwardandbearsout(證實(shí))thefollowingviewpoint:Youcannotbetrulystylishwithoutgoodmanners,goodmannersareasortofhiddenbeautysecretandaddspricelesslytoyourimage.Structureanalysisofthetext(5)Para5-10Thewriterstatesandexpoundsthegreatpowerofsometypicalgoodmanners,sheexplainsthoseonthereceivingend.Also,thewriterreasonablyexplainsandvividlyillustratesthegoodeffectspolitemannershaveonourownfamilymembers.Structureanalysisofthetext(6)Para11Thewriteradvanceshisopinionthatgoodmannersareinfectiousandexpresseshersincerewishthateveryonewouldbepoliteandshowgoodmanners.BackgroundInformationCaryGrantDateofBirth18January1904,Horfield,Bristol,England,UK

DateofDeath29November1986,Davenport,Iowa,USAAmoviestarveryfamousforhiscombinationofvirility,sexualityandbearingofagentlemanDateofBirth:16September1924,NewYork,USALaurenBacallAmoviestarveryfamousforherbeautyandgracefulmanners.vocabularyI’dcomplimentedheronatanearliergathering.Complimentsb.onsth.意為“為某事贊美某人”Complimentsb.withsth意為“贈(zèng)送某人某物以表祝賀”Compliment,implement,complementandsupplementvocabularyImplement:名詞為“工具”；動(dòng)詞為“貫徹，實(shí)施”Complement名詞為“補(bǔ)充物”；動(dòng)詞為“補(bǔ)充”Compliment名詞和動(dòng)詞都為“贊美，夸獎(jiǎng)”supplement名詞和動(dòng)詞都為“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”Manner&MannersManner:

formal,thewayinwhichsomethingisdoneorhappensmannerof(doing)something

Itseemedratheranoddmannerofdecidingthings.Hefeltsomeguiltoverthemannerofherdeath.Manners:[plural] politewaysofbehavinginsocialsituationshavegood/badmannersit'sgood/badmannerstodosomethingperfect/impeccablemannerstablemanners(=thepolitewayofeatingatatable)mindyourmanners(=usedtotellsomeonetobehavepolitely)somebodyhasnomanners(=someoneoftenbehavesinawaythatisnotpolite)rememberforget/yourmannerswhereareyourmanners? …letthempulloutintotraffic.Pullout1.Toleaveordepart離開火車在中午出發(fā)Thetrainpullsoutatnoon.2.Towithdraw,asfromasituationorcommitment退縮；從某種境況或承諾中撤出。股市暴跌之后，華爾街的許多投資者都撤資了。Afterthestockcrash,manyWallStreetinvestorspulledout.pullouttodriveontoaroadfromanotherroadorfromwhereyouhavestopped:Don'tpullout!There'ssomethingcoming.todriveovertoadifferentpartoftheroadinordertogetpastavehicleinfrontofyou:Ipulledouttoovertakeabus.ifatrainpullsout,itleavesastation[≠pullin]Pulldown毀壞；拆毀pulloff(車輛或司機(jī))駛向路邊短暫停車；完成（困難的事情）pullup停車；停止Getaway1)succeedinleavingThemeetingdraggedon,andIdidn'tgetawayuntilseven.2)escape,esp.fromthesceneofacrime;Weknewitwouldn'tbeeasytogetawayfromthepolice.getawaywithmurder informal tonotbepunishedfordoingsomethingwrong:Someofthosechildrengetawaywithmurder!對(duì)不起，我遲到了，我剛才在開會(huì)脫不開身。I’msorryI’mlate;Iwasatameetingandcouldn’tgetaway.Elevator,liftandescalatorElevator(AmE)Lift(BrE)escalator…wecan’tbetrulystylishwithoutgoodmannersManner既可以用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)，但其意義有所不同。用作單數(shù)時(shí)意思為：方法，方式；態(tài)度；種類。如：Idon’tobjecttowhatshesay,butIstronglydisapproveofhermannerofsayingit.用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，該詞的意思為：禮貌；規(guī)矩；習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗如：It’sbadmannerstostareatpeople.Manner一詞還可構(gòu)成許多習(xí)語(yǔ)。Allmannerofsb/sth各種各樣的Inamannerofspeaking不妨說(shuō)，可以說(shuō)，在某種意義上說(shuō)Byany/nomannerofmeans一點(diǎn)都不；絕不[as(if)]tothemannerborn生來(lái)就慣于做某事appreciationpleasureyoufeelwhenyourealizesomethingisgood,useful,orwelldoneafeelingofbeinggratefulforsomethingsomeonehasdoneanunderstandingoftheimportanceormeaningofsomething arealisticappreciationofthesituation在音樂(lè)會(huì)上，每當(dāng)一位歌手唱完一首美妙動(dòng)聽的歌曲時(shí)，觀眾邊高聲喝彩表示贊賞。Attheconcertwheneverasingerfinishedsingingabeautifulsong,theaudiencewouldburstintoloudcheerstoshowtheirappreciation.她對(duì)好音樂(lè)沒(méi)有或鮮有鑒賞能力。Sheshowsnoorlittleappreciationofgoodmusic.TheybecomeCaryGrantorLaurenBacallrightbeforeoureyes.right:1.exactly;just恰當(dāng)?shù)?；正好事故正好發(fā)生在那里Theaccidenthappenedrightoverthere.2.Immediately我得去接電話，馬上就回來(lái)。Imustanswerthatphone,butI’llberightback.3.Alltheway;completely這個(gè)梨爛透了。Thepearwasrottenrightthrough.一直走到這條路的盡頭Gorighttotheendoftheroad.graciousbehavinginapolite,kind,andgenerousway,especiallytopeopleofalowerrankShewasgraciousenough

toaccepthisencouragement.Itwasgraciousofyoutobearusinmind.Be

graciousto/towardseveryoneyoumeet.gracious(me)!/goodgracious!/goodnessgracious!old-fashioned usedtoexpresssurpriseortoemphasize'yes'or'no‘havingthekindofexpensivestyle,comfort,andbeautythatonlyrichpeoplecanafford:agraciousmanorhouse（莊園）amagazineabout graciouslivingOfcourse,saying“Thankyou.”doeswondersforthepersononthereceivingendtoo.Dowondersfor:workwondersfor;createwondersfor;beremarkablysuccessfulinachievingpositiveresultsfor.創(chuàng)造令人驚奇的事。這音樂(lè)會(huì)對(duì)你的悶悶不樂(lè)產(chǎn)生神奇的功效Thismusicwilldowondersforyourdepression.…...不足為奇，并不奇怪（it’s）no/little/smallwonder(that)…h(huán)ost

MrBrownwasourhostattheparty.布朗先生是我們晚會(huì)的主人。"客隊(duì)和主隊(duì)各贏一場(chǎng),現(xiàn)在他們兩隊(duì)打平了?！?Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother."東道國(guó)/主ahostcountry/cityrecipeasetofinstructionsforcookingaparticulartypeoffoodrecipefor: arecipefortomatosouparecipebookbearecipeforsomething:methodforachievingsth.你取得成功有什么竅門？Whatisyourrecipeforsuccess?她的計(jì)劃后患無(wú)窮Herplansarearecipefordisaster.Itwasadelightfulorpleasantgesturethatmakesmefeelverygoodandputmeinanecstaticstateofmind.Itwassomethingverynicethatdelightmeimmenselyandmademefeelwonderful.Mood:thestateoffeelingsormindataparticulartime他心情不好。He'sinoneofhismoods.喜怒無(wú)常的人amanofmoods[口]心情不好,在生氣beinamood不想做某事,無(wú)意做某事innomoodforsth.[todosth.]想做某事;有做某事的興致beinthe[a]moodforsth.[todosth.]心腸軟化,易受感動(dòng)beinameltingmood感動(dòng)得要哭,熱淚盈眶beinthemeltingmoodIbet./Youbet.usedtosaythatyouarefairlysurethatsomethingistrue,somethingishappeningetc,althoughyoucannotprovethis:Ibetyoushewon'tcome.usedtoshowthatyoudonotbelievewhatsomeonehasjusttoldyou:'I'mdefinitelygoingtogiveupsmoking

thistime.'

'Yeah,Ibet!‘youbet! Spokenusedtoemphasizethatyouagreewithsomeoneorarekeentodowhattheysuggest:'GoingtothepartyonSaturday?''Youbet!'ButIdidn’twanttoletanotherdaygobywithouttellingyouhowmuchIenjoyedyourpartyGoby1.pass;elapse2.Beguidedordirectedbysth.聽從；遵照，依照別聽她的Don’tgobywhatshesays.3.Formanopinionorajudgmentfromsth.按照…判斷，憑…判斷從他的穿著打扮來(lái)看，他準(zhǔn)是從南方來(lái)的。Goingbywhathewears,hemusthavecomefromthesouth.I’llevendothisforahotelbellman…Bellman:bellhop旅館服務(wù)人員。bellman…thatmakeshislifeaweebiteasier.Aweebit:alittlebit;verysmall盡管他喝了很多酒，可他覺(jué)得沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)醉意。Heisnotfeelingaweebitdrunk,thoughhehasbeendrinkingquitealotofalcohol.Similarly,…willgoalongway.Goalongway:beverysuccessful像你這樣聰明的人一定很有作為Someoneasintelligentasyoushouldgoalongway/gofar.Acarry-onbag(forpassenger)barrelalargecurvedcontainerwithaflattopandbottom,madeofwoodormetal,andusedforstoringbeer,wineetc:Barrel(verb)AmericanEnglish informaltomoveveryfast,especiallyinanuncontrolledway:Avehicle

barreledoutof

ashoppingcenterandcrashedintothesideofmycar.aisleaislegenuinesomeonewhoisgenuineishonestandfriendlyandyoufeelyoucantrustthemthegenuinearticle:somethingthatisrealandisnotacopyintendedtodeceivepeopleagenuinefeeling,desireetcisonethatyoureallyfeel,notoneyoupretendtofeel[=sincere]getintothehabitofdoingsth改掉做某事的習(xí)慣break/kickthehabitofdoingsthMeltawayCausesomethingtodisappearbymeltingordissolvingThesunhasmeltthesnowaway.Allhissupportmeltedawaywhenwereallyneededit.一會(huì)，她便不生氣了。Herangerhasmeltedawayinasecond.警察到達(dá)后，示威的人群逐漸散開。Thecrowdofdemonstratorsmeltedawaywhenthepolicearrived.Mostpeopleinthemodernworld____freedomandindependencemorethananythingelse.(CET-6,2003,6月)cherish2.Childrenandoldpeopledonotlikehavingtheirdaily______upset.(CET-4,2003,6月）routine3.Myfatherseemedtobeinno____tolookatmyschoolreport.(CET-4,2001,1月)mood4.Pleasedonotbe______byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.(CET-6,2002,1月）Irritated5.Shewastoo____andwon’tmakeenoughmoney.(TEM-4,2007閱讀)generous6.Thecityhasan

ofitshistoricpast(TEM-4,2008閱讀)appreciationSentencesAgraciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddspricelesspanachetoyourimage.Notonly…but(also)…意為“不但…而且”，其強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)在后。此結(jié)構(gòu)講究對(duì)稱，即用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)相同的并列成分。其用法如下：1.連接兩個(gè)平行的主語(yǔ)（注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選用），例如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisintheclassroom.(就近原則)2.連接兩個(gè)平行的謂語(yǔ)（注意這兩個(gè)平行的謂語(yǔ)不可是同一動(dòng)詞）TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.3.連接兩個(gè)平行的賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，和定語(yǔ)等。4.連接句子。例如Inotonlyheardit,butalsoIsawit.連接句子時(shí)，notonly常置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，這時(shí)第一部分常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如Notonlydoesthesungiveuslight,butitalsogivesusheat.5.用于itis…that/who強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Itisnotonlythescientistswhoneedalongspecialtrainingnow,butthecomputerexperts.6.Notonly…butalso…中的also可以省略，連接句子時(shí)，該結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可以見到省略but甚至butalso的情況。Notonlyhasshebeenanexcellentwife,shehasbeenabettermotherthanIwillneverbe.7.Notonly…butalso…形式比較固定，但也會(huì)出現(xiàn)but與also被分隔出來(lái)的情況。Notonlythemotherbutthechildrenarealsosick.Justaspowerfulasathank-younoteis…As…as意為“和…一樣”，表示同級(jí)比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。

其否定形式為notso/as+adj/adv+asButwhensomeonedoesstopandturnaroundandgenuinelyapologizes,doesn’titmeltaway…本句中作者運(yùn)用does+動(dòng)詞原形表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。在一般句型中，do(does,did)常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，在句中要重讀，且須符合下列兩條件。1.句子是肯定句。2.句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Nowifwecouldjustgeteveryonetocatchthem.此句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由ifonly引導(dǎo)并省略了only的虛擬感嘆句，表示“要是…就好了”之意，表示一種遺憾，或說(shuō)話人的一種愿望，希望發(fā)生與事實(shí)相反的情況。praisevs.complimentTopraisesomeoneorsomethingistoexpressapprovalfortheirachievementsorqualities;tocomplimentoftenappliestopraisegiveninsincerelyasanemptyformalityorasaself-interestedgesture,aswellastoagenuineadmiration,andthiswordoftenappearsinthestructure“complimentsomebodyonsomething.”appreciatevs.enjoyEnjoyistofindpleasureandsatisfactionindoingsth,andoftenappearsinthestructureof“enjoyoneself”,meaning“takepleasureinasituationoneisin”.Appreciatemeans“tobethankfulorgratefulforsth”,aswellas“tolikeorvaluesomethingforitsgoodqualities”preciousvs.pricelessThedifferencebetweenthesetwowordscanbeverysubtle.Whilepreciousemphasizesthefactthatsomethingisvaluable,rareandimportant,andshouldnotbewasted,lostorusedbadly;pricelessreferstosomethingthatisworthalotofmoney,orthatcannotbecalculatedinmonetaryterms.noticevs.seeNoticesuggeststhetakingin,almostbychance,ofasmalldetailthatmayyetbeimportanttosomelargerpattern.Itcanbealsobeusedintheimperativeasacalltoattendtosomesmalldetailthatmightotherwisebeoverlooked.Seeisageneralwordtosuggestanaccidentalordeliberateviewingofanoccurrenceanditcarriesfewconnotationsbeyondthosethecontextmaygiveit.Other:adj:另一的;其余的,其他的指兩個(gè)之中另一個(gè)的或另外一些、其他所有的.修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，前面須有其他修飾語(yǔ)；修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則不論前面有無(wú)其他修飾語(yǔ)。也可作代詞，意思是“另一個(gè)人或物”、“另外的人或者物”、“其他的人（或）物”。與定冠詞連用時(shí)，表示另一個(gè)人或物。其復(fù)數(shù)形式與定冠詞連用時(shí)，表示其余所有人或物;不與定冠詞連用時(shí)，表示另外的一些人或物。OthertheotherotherstheothersAnother:adj又一的，再一的；不同的．一般修飾單數(shù)名詞。也可以和基數(shù)詞一起，修飾表示度量、時(shí)間等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；在這種情況下，詞類復(fù)數(shù)名詞往往被看作一個(gè)整體。也可以作代詞，“另一個(gè)”，“又一個(gè)”。１.IamsorryIamlate;Iwasatameetingandcouldn’tgetaway.2.Attheconcertwheneverasingerfinishedsingingabeautifulsong,theaudiencewouldburstintoloudcheerstoshowtheirappreciation.3.Asastylishdresser,sheisalwayswearingstylishclothes,butsheseldomcaresaboutwhatsheeatsordrinks.4.Thenursetellsmethatthedoctorshavedonewondersforyourheartdisease.5.Whenawardingtheprize,thechairmancomplimentedthewinneronhisgreatcontributiontomankind.6.Thisproblemhasbotheredtheexpertsformanyyears.7.Thecrowdofdemonstratorsmeltedwaywhenthepolicearrived.8.Sincepunctualityisagoodhabit,weshouldpaymuchattentiontoitandmakegreateffortstocultivatethisgoodhabit.9.Theoldmancherishesthatgirl,asifshewerehisowndaughter.10.Itisjustaroutinephysicalcheckup,nothingtogetworriedabout.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(1)1.Whatistheauthor’sexplanationforthedangerandthehostilityoftheworld?Heworriesaboutthenegativeeffectsofviolentcrime,theravageofinhumanity,crueltyandintolerance,etc.onourchildren.

2.Whatevidencedoestheauthortoprovidethatbasichumanvaluesaredeclining?Parentsandteachersmustcontendoftenwithdisturbinglevelsofadolescentaggression,profanity,anddisrespect.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(2)3.

Whichweaknessoftheeducationalsystemiscitedasbeingresponsibleforadolescentaggression,profanity,anddisrespect?Someparentsdonotrealizetheirresponsibilitytoteachtheirchildrenwhereassometeachersmaybeethicallybystanders.4.

WhatdoestheauthorthinkallpeopleatNewFairfieldHighSchoolshoulddotomaintainamoralcommunity?Theyshouldallbepoliteandtolerantofindividualdifferences.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(3)5.Apartfromlackofresponsibility,doyouthinkthattheauthorisalsocriticizingsomeparents’attitudetowardstheteacher?Citeanexampletoprovethis.Yes.Forinstance,astudent’sparenttoldtheauthorthatthewordshis/herchildhaduseddidn’thurtanybodyandthattheauthorwastoofault-findingwiththechild’svocabulary.6.

Whatvaluedoestheauthorthinkshouldbetaughttostudents?Theauthorthinksthatstudentsshouldbetaughtcommonvaluesofcourtesy,mutualrespectandpersistence,responsibility,andself-reliance.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(4)7.

Whatistheauthor’sconceptionofasuccessfuleducator?Aneducatorcanbeconsideredsuccessfullyonlywhenhisstudentsgraduatednotonlyassuccessfullearnersbutalsoaswell-behavedcitizen.8.Whatareyourideasofaneducator’smoralresponsibility?However,attimesthisbalanceinnatureis____,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.(CET-4,2004,6月)disturbed2.Thatirritatingmanisfortunatetohavesucha______wife.(CET-4,2002,1月）Tolerant3.Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof____andfairnessasareliablefriend.(CET-4,2003,6月)Integrity4.Recentlytherehavebeen______conflictsbetweenstudentsanduniversityauthoritiesinmanycountries.(CET-4,2003,1月）violentUnit5

HowtoBeTruetoYourself

Pre-readingquestions

1.Haveyoulearnedanymottoesfromyourparentsorgrandparents?2.Doyouhaveanymottoes?Backgroundinformation(1)謙虛使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后.---毛澤東謙固美名，過(guò)謙者，宜防其詐.---朱熹不傲才以驕人，不以寵而作威.---諸葛亮尺有所短；寸有所長(zhǎng)。物有所不足；智有所不明.---屈原Backgroundinformation(2)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

ThomasEdison,Americaninventor

有志者，事竟成。

美國(guó)發(fā)明家愛迪生.T.Geniusonlymeanshard-workingallone'slife.

Mendeleyev,Russianchemist

天才只意味著終身不懈地努力。

俄國(guó)化學(xué)家門捷列耶夫

Backgroundinformation(3)Thereisbutonestepfromthesublimetotheridiculous.

崇高與荒謬僅一步之遙?！狽apoleonSmoothrunsthewaterwherethebrookisdeep.

靜水流深。——ShakespeareBackgroundinformation(4)Allthesplendorintheworldisnotworthagoodfriend.

Voltaire,Frenchthinker人世間所有的榮華富貴不如一個(gè)好朋友。

法國(guó)思想家伏爾泰Economyisinitselfasourceofgreatrevenue.

LuciusAnnaeusSeneca,AncientRomanPhilosopher節(jié)約本身就是最大的收入.

羅馬哲學(xué)家西尼加，L.A.P1–2Integrityisgettingscarcer.P3-14ThreeprinciplesoftheIntegrityTriad.thefirstprinciple(2-7);thesecondprinciple(8-11);thethirdprinciple(12-14)P15Conclusion

mottoashortsentenceorafewwordstakenastheguidingprincipleofaperson,ofaschool,ofanorganization,etc.座右銘,箴言

1.“Thinkbeforeyouact”ismymotto.“三思而后行”是我的座右銘。

2.Ioftenwinmoneyatcardsbutneversaveapenny`easycome,easygo'ismymotto.我玩紙牌經(jīng)常贏,可一分錢也存不住--我的俗話是｀來(lái)得容易,去得快＇.Synonyms:adage,maxim,proverb,saying

integrityhonestyortrustworthiness;completeness誠(chéng)實(shí),正直,完整,完善

1.Youcantrusthim;heisamanofcompleteintegrity.你可以相信他，他是一個(gè)剛正不阿的人。2.Ourintegrityasanationisthreatenedbytheseseparatistforces.我們國(guó)家的完整受到了這些分裂主義勢(shì)力的威脅。collocations:inone’sintegrity完整,原封未動(dòng)

Therewasnoin-betweenIn-between:amiddlepositionwhichisbetweentwoverydifferentones.中間道路，折衷青少年時(shí)期是一個(gè)尷尬的過(guò)度時(shí)期Adolescenceisanawkwardin-betweenage.Integrityisinshortsupplytoday.Inshortsupply:lacking;notplentiful非洲糧食短缺FoodisinshortsupplyinAfrica.Bottomline:themostimportantfactor關(guān)鍵是你要用功學(xué)習(xí)Thebottomlineisthatyoushouldworkhard.MoreaboutbottomlineBottomline原義是指財(cái)務(wù)帳目表上最下面的那一行或那一行上寫的表示盈虧的數(shù)目。Thebottomlinefor1999waspre-taxprofitof$5million.2005年公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況是稅前利潤(rùn)500萬(wàn).Saleslastmonthfailedtoaddtothecompany’sbottomline.上個(gè)月的銷售額沒(méi)能使公司的盈利增加。Moreaboutbottomline對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)，盈虧自然是件大事，所以，bottomline的第二個(gè)定義為：thedecidingorcrucialfactor；themostimportantfactorthatmustbeaccepted,howeverreluctantlyorevenifyoumaynotlikeit.這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩點(diǎn)：1.重要、關(guān)鍵和決定性。2.無(wú)法回避，必須考慮和接受Thebottomlineisthatwehavetoincreaseoursalesortakeacutinpay.關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是我們必須增加銷售額Ifyoudon’tmakeaprofit,yougooutofbusiness:that’sthebottomline.如果不贏利，你就會(huì)破產(chǎn)：這是必須面對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)。Thinkofthepatient1.Takeintoaccount;haveinone’smind(考慮)我不可能在做決定前把一切考慮周全。Ican’tthinkofeverythingbeforeImakethedecision.2.Havethoughtsconcerning(sthorsb)（想到）看到這幅畫你聯(lián)想到什么？Whatdoyouthinkofwhenyouseethepicture?3.Imaginesthordoingsth我倒想買下它，可想象一下那花費(fèi)把！I’dliketobuyit,butthinkoftheexpanse!Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.Give(the)credit:give(someone)praise(forsth)他因工作出色而受到贊揚(yáng)。Hewasgivencreditforhiswork.DavidOgilvy,…,madethispointtohisnewlyappointedofficeheadsbysendingeachofthemaRussiannestingdollwithfiveprogressivelysmallerfiguresinside.DavidOgilvy,…,explainedthispointtohisofficeheadswhowereappointednotlongagobysendingeachofthemaRussiannestingdollwhichcontainedfivedollsthatwereonebyonesmaller.大衛(wèi).奧格威，…，他曾通過(guò)這樣的方式來(lái)清楚表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。他給新任命的辦公室主任們每人發(fā)了一個(gè)俄羅斯娃娃，這種娃娃有一個(gè)口袋巢，里面套一個(gè)小一點(diǎn)的娃娃，這個(gè)娃娃的口袋巢里又套一個(gè)更小一點(diǎn)的，這樣一連套了五個(gè)。behonestandopenaboutwhoyoureallyareBeyourselfanddon’tpretend.Whenitistough,doittoughTakethingsastheycome.Difficultiesareinevitable;weshouldbebravetoovercomethem.既來(lái)之則安之。Whenyouaredoingtherightthing,youcan’tbackdown.Backdown:giveup;makecompromiseSincemostofthepeoplepresentagreedwithme,shehadtobackdown.大多數(shù)到會(huì)的人都同意我的觀點(diǎn)，她只好放棄原來(lái)的意見了。Alifeofprinciple,ofnotsuccumbingtotheseductivesirensofaneasymorality,willalwayswintheday.Alifeofprinciple:akindoflife,inwhichthereisprinciple.Wintheday(alsocarry/gaintheday):succeed.Easymorality:moralitythatbringsimmediatebenefit.…withouthavingtocheckyourtracksinarear-viewmirror.Withoutlookingbackatwhatyouhavedone…不必回首你的人生軌跡。

expediencyalsospeltexpedience;beingusefulorhelpfulforapurpose,esp.one’sownpurposeoradvantage,althoughnotnecessarilymorallycorrect

權(quán)宜,方便,私利

1.Allhisactionsaregovernedbyexpediency.他所有的行動(dòng)都是一種權(quán)宜之計(jì)。

2.Heactedfromexpediency,notfromprinciple.他為求達(dá)到目的,喪失了原則.3.Anambitiouspolitician,guidedbyexpediencyratherthanprinciple.一個(gè)有野心的政客，常為自身利益而不是原則來(lái)指導(dǎo)

athandnearintimeorplace在手邊(在附近,即將到來(lái))1.Helivescloseathand.他住在附近.2.Yourbigmomentisathand.你的重大時(shí)刻即將到來(lái).3.Ihaven‘tmyphotographalbumathand,butI’llshowittoyoulater.我的照像簿不在手邊，以后我再拿給你看。

principleatruthorbeliefthatacceptedasabaseforreasoningoraction;amoralruleorsetofideaswhichguidesone’sbehavior原則,原理,主義,信念

1.Weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.2.Theyhaveagreedtotheproposalinprinciplebutwestillhavetonegotiatetheterms.他們基本上同意了那項(xiàng)提議,但我們?nèi)皂毶潭l件.

Standfirmlyforconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure.

Firmlyadheretoyoursincerebeliefsevenwhenyouarefacedwithveryforcefulinfluenceorverystrongpersuasion.convictionaveryfirmandsincerebelief定罪,信服,堅(jiān)信

1.Ihavetheconvictionthatheisright.2.Theyhavenopreviousconvictions.他們沒(méi)有前科。

accountfor1)giveorbesatisfactoryexplanationfor;2)bethecauseororiginof說(shuō)明(原因等);v.(在數(shù)量方面)占

1.Hecouldnotaccountforhisabsencefromschool.他無(wú)法說(shuō)明他曠課的原因。2.Petrochemicalstodayaccountforonefourthofallthechemicalsmade,intenyearsthisamountisexpectedtodouble.石油化工產(chǎn)品(Petrochemicals)現(xiàn)在已占所有化學(xué)制品的四分之一，十年后預(yù)計(jì)這個(gè)數(shù)目還要加倍。

spongeatypeofsimpleseacreature;apieceofsponge,orofasimilarartificialsubstancemadefromrubber,whichcansuckupandholdwaterandisusuallyusedforwashing

n.海棉,海棉狀的東西

v.用海棉擦拭,吸收掉,抹掉

1.Healwaysspongesoffothers.他總是揩別人的油.2.Shegavetheflooravigorousspongeallover.她用海綿把地板使勁兒擦了一遍.

rookiesb.whoisnewtoandhasnoexperienceofanactivity,esp.anewsoldierorpolicemenHeisapolicerookie.Hejoinedthepoliceonlylastyear.Sheisarookienurse.Sheisverycarefulwithherjob.

Whenyouknowyouareright,youcan’tbackdown.

Whenyouknowyouaredoingtherightthing,youcan’tgiveupyourefforthalfwayunderexternalpressure.

backdown

acceptdefeatinanargument,opinion,orclaim;admitthatonewaswrong;togiveupone’soriginalstand

Thatsmallcountrywillbackdowntopressure.Hesaidhecouldswim,buthebackeddownwhenwegottothelake.

Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.

Alwaysbereadyandwillingtogiveapprovalorpraisetootherpeoplewhodeserveit.credit

n.信用,榮譽(yù),貸款,學(xué)分;v.歸功于,贊頌,信任1.Nocreditisgivenatthisshop.這家商店概不賒欠。2.Heisacredittothefamily.他是家族中的光榮。3.Thebankrefusedfurthercreditstothecompany.銀行拒絕再貸款給這家公司。

rightfulinaccordancewithwhatisjustrightorlegallycorrecta.合法的,正直的,當(dāng)然的

1.Whathesaidisarightfulclaim.他所說(shuō)的是正當(dāng)?shù)囊蟆?.Iamtherightfulownerofthiscar.我是這輛新車的合法主人。3.Hewascheated(out)ofhisrightfulinheritance.他依法應(yīng)得的遺產(chǎn)被人騙走了.

appointchooseforapositionorjob;arrangeordecide(esp.atimeorplacewhensomethingwillhappen)任命,指定

1.Theyappointedhimchairman.他們?nèi)蚊麨橹飨?.Hewasn‘tthereattheappointedtime.他沒(méi)有在指定的時(shí)間在那里。3.Asatopmanager,heshouldappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.作為一位總經(jīng)理，他應(yīng)該任人為賢。

aRussiandollwithfiveprogressivelysmallerfiguresinside

aRussiandollinwhicharefittedfivefigures,eachofwhichissmallerthanthepreviousone.progressivelystepbystep;bystages;movingaheadordevelopingcontinuously

1.Thatfamousprogressivethinkerwasaskedtodeliveraspeechatthemeeting.那位著名的進(jìn)步思想家被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)議上發(fā)表演講。2.Theeconomyinthatcountrywasprogressivelygettingbetter.

statusone’slegalpositionorcondition;one’ssocialorprofessionalrankorposition,consideredinrelationtootherpeople地位,身份,情形,狀況1.Womenhaveverylittlestatusinmanycountries.在許多國(guó)家,婦女沒(méi)有什麼地位.2.What'syourofficialstatu