2023-2024學(xué)年北京市新高三入學(xué)定位考試英語試題（解析版）

2023—2024學(xué)年北京市新高三入學(xué)定位考試英語本試卷共13頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ItwasanordinarysummerafternoonwhenIfirstfoundoutaboutmygrandpa’s____1____garden.Thatday,afterschool,insteadofwalkingstraighthome,Idecidedtovisitmygrandpa,wholivedjustafewblocksaway.WhenIgotthere,Isawthefrontdoorwasslightlyopen.Ipusheditopenbutfoundnobody.Curiosityand____2____mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever____3____before.Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.Iwalked____4____,marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle.Suddenly,Iheardarustlingsoundfromanearbybush,followedbyasoftandfamiliarvoice.“Ididn’t____5____youtofindthisplace,mydear,”mygrandpasaid,emergingfrombehindthegreenleaveswithabroadsmile,holdingawateringcan.____6____bythebeautyofthegarden,Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview.Afterwhatfeltlikeforever,Iasked,“Grandpa,whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutthisplace?”Heshruggedandreplied,“Iwantedittobea____7____,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”Sincethatday,wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s____8____.Thatgarden,whichIdiscovered____9____,becameourplayground,ahavenofpeaceinthemidstofourbustlingcitylives.Lookingbacknow,IrealizethatthegreatestthingIfoundinthatgardenwasnotthebeautifulscenery,butthepreciousmemoriesand_____10_____Ibuiltwithmygrandpa.1.A.tiny B.secret C.romantic D.natural2.A.concern B.relaxation C.delight D.excitement3.A.appreciated B.doubted C.noticed D.recognized4.A.home B.back C.away D.further5.A.expect B.hope C.allow D.tell6.A.Disturbed B.Overwhelmed C.Angered D.Amused7.A.mystery B.gift C.challenge D.wonder8.A.garden B.company C.greeting D.memories9.A.asusual B.inparticular C.onpurpose D.bychance10.A.peace B.balance C.bond D.trust【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.A8.B9.D10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要寫了一個(gè)普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花園里度過了很多美好的時(shí)光，這個(gè)花園成為了他們的樂園?；叵肫饋恚魅斯庾R(shí)到在花園里最重要的不是美麗的風(fēng)景，而是與祖父建立的珍貴回憶和情感?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)爺爺?shù)拿孛芑▓@時(shí)，那是一個(gè)普通的夏日午后。A.tiny微小的；B.secret秘密的；C.romantic浪漫的；D.natural自然的。根據(jù)后文“asIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen，leadingtoapathI'dnever3before.”可知，對(duì)于作者來說這是個(gè)以前沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的花園，所以應(yīng)該是秘密花園。故選B。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我冒險(xiǎn)走進(jìn)去，發(fā)現(xiàn)后門大開著，通向一條我從未注意過的小路時(shí)，內(nèi)心交織著好奇和關(guān)注。A.concern關(guān)心；關(guān)注；B.relaxation放松；C.delight高興；D.excitement興奮。根據(jù)前文Curiosity和下文“I’dnever____3____before”可知，作者以前沒有來過，因此在推開這個(gè)門的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該是好奇的和關(guān)注的。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.appreciated欣賞；感激；B.doubted懷疑；C.noticed注意到；D.recognized認(rèn)出。根據(jù)后文“Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.(那是一個(gè)令人驚嘆的花園，開滿了各種形狀和顏色的花，綠色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在這之前從來沒有注意到這個(gè)花園。故選C。【4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我繼續(xù)往前走，驚嘆于這美麗的景象。A.home回家；B.back回來；后邊；C.away離開；D.further更進(jìn)一步。根據(jù)后文“marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle”可知作者應(yīng)該是進(jìn)一步走進(jìn)花園，所以應(yīng)該是walkedfurther。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“親愛的，我沒想到你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)地方，”爺爺說著，拿著一個(gè)噴壺，笑容滿面地從綠葉后面走了出來。A.expect認(rèn)為；預(yù)料；B.hope希望；C.allow允許；D.tell告訴。根據(jù)下文““Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?””可知爺爺沒有料到作者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)地方。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：被花園的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣賞風(fēng)景。A.Disturbed打擾；B.Overwhelmed征服；C.Angered激怒；D.Amused消遣；娛樂。根據(jù)后文“Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview”可知作者突然發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)園子很美，應(yīng)是被美景所征服。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他聳了聳肩，回答說:“我希望它是一個(gè)謎，你可以自己發(fā)現(xiàn)一些東西。這樣更特別，你不覺得嗎?”A.mystery神秘；B.gift禮物；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.wonder奇跡。根據(jù)后文“somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It'smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”可知爺爺是想讓作者自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)地方，所以是想讓它成為一個(gè)謎。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從那天起，我們總是會(huì)在花園里呆上幾個(gè)小時(shí)，照顧花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A.garden花園；B.company陪伴；C.greeting問候；D.memories記憶。根據(jù)前文“wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s.”可知作者和爺爺會(huì)在花園里呆上幾個(gè)小時(shí)，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故選B。【9題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：那座花園是我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，后來成了我們的游樂場(chǎng)，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一個(gè)寧靜的避風(fēng)港。A.asusual和平常一樣；B.inparticular特別地；C.onpurpose故意地；D.bychance偶然地。根據(jù)前文“Curiosityand____2____mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever____3____before.”可知作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的這個(gè)園子。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在回想起來，我意識(shí)到我在那個(gè)花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)的最偉大的東西不是美麗的風(fēng)景，而是我與爺爺建立的珍貴回憶和紐帶。A.peace平安；B.balance平衡；C.bond紐帶；聯(lián)系；D.trust信任。根據(jù)下文“Ibuiltwithmygrandpa”可知，回想起來，主人公意識(shí)到在花園里最重要的不是美麗的風(fēng)景，而是與祖父建立的珍貴回憶和互信關(guān)系。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Aliteraturereviewisasurveyofscholarlysources____11____aspecifictopic.Itprovidesanoverviewofcurrentknowledge,allowingyoutoidentifyrelevanttheories,methods,andgapsinthe____12____(exist)researchthatyoucanlaterapplytoyourpaper,thesis,ordissertationtopic.Agoodliteraturereviewdoesn’tjustsummarizesources—itanalyzes,synthesizes(綜合),and____13____(critical)evaluatestogiveaclearpictureofthestateofknowledgeonthesubject.【答案】11.on12.existing13.critically【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了什么是文獻(xiàn)綜述?！?1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：文獻(xiàn)綜述是關(guān)于某一特定主題的學(xué)術(shù)資料的調(diào)查。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“關(guān)于”，表明一篇文章、一本書、一個(gè)演講的主題時(shí)（通常比較嚴(yán)肅或?qū)W術(shù)性較強(qiáng)）用介詞on。故填on?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：它提供了當(dāng)前知識(shí)的概述，使您能夠識(shí)別相關(guān)的理論，方法和現(xiàn)有研究中的差距，您可以稍后應(yīng)用于您的論文，畢業(yè)論文或論文主題?？仗幮揎椕~research,使用形容詞existing作定語，意為“現(xiàn)有的”。故填existing。【13題詳解】考查副詞。句意：它分析、綜合、并批判性地評(píng)估，以提供關(guān)于該主題的知識(shí)狀態(tài)的清晰畫面?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞evaluates，使用副詞作狀語。故填critically。B閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。SwedishstudentsgenerallywelcomeAItoolsineducation,but62%considerusingchatbotsinexamsascheating.However,theboundariesofcheatingwithAIremainuncertain.Thisresult____14____(show)inasurveyfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology.Thestudy,thefirstofitskind____15____(investigate)students’attitudestowardsAIineducationhasgatheredcrucialinformationandpresentedtheresultsinanoverviewreport.Theresearchershopethesurvey’sfindingswillempowerstudents____16____helpthemgetabetterunderstandingofAI’sroleinlearning.【答案】14.isshown15.toinvestigate16.and【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人工智能在學(xué)習(xí)中發(fā)揮的作用。14題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：查爾姆斯理工大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示了這一結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意可知謂語動(dòng)詞show和主語thisresult之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合語境可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語thisresult是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填isshown。【15題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：這項(xiàng)研究首次調(diào)查了學(xué)生對(duì)教育中人工智能的態(tài)度，收集了重要信息，并在一份概述報(bào)告中展示了結(jié)果。分析句子可知，空處使用不定式作后置定語修飾thefirstofitskind。故填toinvestigate?！?6題詳解】考查連詞。句意：研究人員希望這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的結(jié)果能賦予學(xué)生權(quán)力，幫助他們更好地理解人工智能在學(xué)習(xí)中的作用。根據(jù)句意可知前后句子之間是并列關(guān)系，使用and連接。故填and。C閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Rachelhadalwaysbeenfascinatedwiththemysteriesofthesea.Shedreamedofexploringthe____17____(deep)ofitanddiscoveringunknowncreatures.Herobsessionintensifiedwhenshediscoveredanoldmapinhergrandfather’sattic(頂樓),whichshowedaplacemarked“hiddentreasure”.Ignoring____18____hermotherhadwarned,shestartedasmall-boatadventure.Afterhoursofsearchingwithnoluck,afriendlygiantoctopusappeared,guidinghertoasecretcave____19____shefoundtreasuresbeyondherwildestdreams.Fromthisexperience,Rachel____20____(know)thatthebravestseekersoftenfindthegreatesttreasures.【答案】17.depths##depth18.what19.where20.knew##hasknown【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了Rachel對(duì)海洋奧秘的探索?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：她夢(mèng)想著探索海洋的深處最深的地方，發(fā)現(xiàn)未知的生物。冠詞修飾名詞，depth“深處”，根據(jù)句意，既可以用作可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可以用作可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填depths/depth。【18題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：她不顧母親的警告，開始了一場(chǎng)小船冒險(xiǎn)。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，指物，使用what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一只友好的巨型章魚出現(xiàn)了，引導(dǎo)她到一個(gè)秘密的洞穴，在那里她發(fā)現(xiàn)了她最瘋狂的夢(mèng)想之外的寶藏?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞cave在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，使用where引導(dǎo)。故填where?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：從這次經(jīng)歷中，瑞秋知道最勇敢的探索者往往能找到最大的寶藏。根據(jù)句意可知此處時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用過去式，也可以描述過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。故填knew/hasknown。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AStargazingFestivalsin2023Asmoreareasgrowbrighterwithlightpollution,nationalparksacrossthecountryhavebecomedark-skyhavens.Overtheyears,theyaremakingapushtogetcertifiedashavensforsky-watchingbytheInternationalDarkSkyAssociation,andtheyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy.·BryceCanyonNationalPark—June14-17SituatedinsouthernUtah,BryceCanyonearneditsdark-skytitlein2019.The35,835-acreparkisanidealplacetostayuplate.Thisyear,itsannualastronomyfestivalincludesguidedstargazingsessions,lecturesand“starstories”presentations,family-friendlyactivities,andevenaperformancebystringsmusiciansinthenorthernArizona-basedDarkSkyQuartet.·ShenandoahNationalPark—August11-13Convenientlylocatedwithinaday’sdrivefromtwo-thirdsofAmericans,ShenandoahNationalPark’snightskyfestivalisalow-liftwaytodabbleinastronomy.Thenearly200,000-acreparkwillhostrangertalks,publicstargazingsessions,lectures,presentations,andactivitiesforkids.Staffersarestillworkingonthisyear’sfullschedule,butpasteventshavecoveredtopicsrangingfromspaceweathertonocturnal(夜間的)creatures.·GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16GreatBasinisoneoftheleastcrowdednationalparks,makingittheperfectplacetoquietlyappreciatethemysteriesofthecosmos.Itsannualastronomyfestivalisscheduledforthisfallandincludesguestspeakers,constellationtalks,observatorytours,andaphotographyworkshop.Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor.·JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14JoshuaTreeNationalPark,astheInternationalDarkSkyAssociationnotes,isthe“nearestconvenientplacetogostargazingunderarelativelydarksky”forthe18millionpeoplewholiveintheLosAngelesarea.Itbecameanofficialdarkskyparkin2017,andeachyear,ithostsanightskyfestivalinthefall.Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse.FromJoshuaTree,themoonwillappeartoobscurebetween70and80percentofthesun.21.WhatisthepurposeofStargazingFestivals?A.Toraisepublicinterestinastronomy.B.Tocallforactionagainstlightpollution.C.Toprovideaplatformtoobservestars.D.Tocollectmoneyformoreobservatories.22.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttoexperienceworkinginlow-lightconditions?A.BryceCanyonNationalPark. B.ShenandoahNationalPark.C.GreatBasinNationalPark. D.JoshuaTreeNationalPark.23.WhatmightbeabonustovisitorstoJoshuaTreeNationalParkduringthefestivals?A.Anobservatorytour. B.Aphotographyworkshop.C.Astargazingtour. D.Asolareclipse.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者列舉了2023年四個(gè)國家公園的星空觀測(cè)節(jié)活動(dòng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“theyevenhosteventslikestargazingfestivalstogettravelersexcitedaboutastronomy(他們甚至舉辦觀星節(jié)等活動(dòng)，讓旅行者對(duì)天文學(xué)感到興奮)”可知觀星節(jié)的目的是提高公眾對(duì)天文學(xué)的興趣，故選A。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatBasinNationalPark—September14-16部分的“Duringthefestival’sunique“ArtintheDark”program,participantswillgettopaintinlow-lightconditionsandexperimentwithhowtheireyesperceivecolor(在藝術(shù)節(jié)獨(dú)特的“黑暗中的藝術(shù)”項(xiàng)目中，參與者將在弱光條件下繪畫，并實(shí)驗(yàn)他們的眼睛如何感知顏色)”可知如果你想體驗(yàn)在弱光條件下的工作，你應(yīng)該去大盆地國家公園，故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)JoshuaTreeNationalPark—October13-14部分“Asluckwouldhaveit,thisyear’sdatesoverlapwithanannular“ringoffire”solareclipse(幸運(yùn)的是，今年的日期與環(huán)形“火環(huán)”日食重疊)可知在節(jié)日期間，日食可能是約書亞樹國家公園游客的額外獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，故選D。BHorsebackRidingFourth-graderMaliahMcCasterstrolledintoherclassroomatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.ElementarySchoolinNewYork,holdingatoypony.Injustafewhoursshewouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforamorningofhorsebackriding.TheweeklyactivitycomesthroughapartnershipwithVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityinGuilderland,whichoffersatherapeuticridingprogramtoempowerindividualswithdisabilities.SpecialeducationteacherMorganGrimmsaidtheactivity,whichtakesplacetwiceaweek,hasallowedMaliah,whohasautism,toconnectwithothersandenjoyalearningenvironmentoutsideofatraditionalclassroom.“She’sasupersensorygirl.Onthedaysthatwe’renothere,she’sseekingalotmoreattentionandherbehaviorsareabitincreased.Butonthedayswecomebackfromthefarm,she’salotcalmer,”Grimmsaid.“We’reseeinganincreaseinhermakingsentencesandheroveralllanguage.”The10-year-oldisoneoffourstudentswithautismwhoareparticipatinginthepilotprogram,officiallylaunchedattheGuilderlandfarmearlierinthespring.Theyrecentlyhadtheirfourthridingsession.VictoriaAcres,foundedin2012,providesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapieseveryyear.Therecentadditionofanindoorridingfacilityhasallowedthenonprofittoexpanditsprogramsyear-round,providinganaverageof48lessonsperafternoon.Despitethebusyschedule,thefarmpaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses,ensuringeachanimalparticipatesinamaximumofthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.Manyoftheanimalsareolder,whichmakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyduetotheirgentle,calmnature.Likeothernonverbalstudents,Averyusesa“tap-tap”motiontosignalthehorsetomoveforward.Hisfeetbarelyreachthestirrups,buthelooksateaseandconfidentasherocksbackandforthatopthegentlegiant.“Helookslikeacowboy,”saidKristinMunrett,principalofDr.MartinLutherKingJr.Elementary.Asthechildrenexploredthepropertywiththeirsupportstaff,pointingatthedonkeysandwatchingthehorsesgraze,itwasclearwhytheexecutivedirectorofthenonprofit,ErinPashley,calleditherhappyplace.24.Accordingtothepassage,thehorsebackridingprogramisdesignedto.A.curechildren’sphysicaldisabilitiesB.developchildren’sinterestinlearningC.treatchildren’scommunicationdisorderD.promotechildren’srelationshipwithanimals25.Besidesofferinglessons,theVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityalsovalues.A.thestateofanimalsonthefarmB.thetrainingoftheworkingstaffC.thebuild-upofchildren’scharacterD.thefeedbackofthetrainedchildren26.Howdidthechildrenfeelwhiletheywereonhorseback?A.Afraidbutproud. B.Relaxedandconfident.C.Nervousbuthappy. D.Calmandconcentrated.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Freedomisthekeytoself-confidence.B.Loveistogrowthwhatwateristoseeds.C.Passionisthegreatestmentorworldwide.D.Diligenceandperseveranceleadtosuccess.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報(bào)道。本文介紹了紐約學(xué)校與Guilderland的VictoriaAcresEquineFacility合作，為殘疾人提供治療性騎馬項(xiàng)目。這個(gè)活動(dòng)讓患有自閉癥的Maliah能夠在傳統(tǒng)教室之外的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中與他人建立聯(lián)系并享受學(xué)習(xí)，體現(xiàn)了人們對(duì)自閉癥兒童的關(guān)愛?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SpecialeducationteacherMorganGrimmsaidtheactivity,whichtakesplacetwiceaweek,hasallowedMaliah,whohasautism,toconnectwithothersandenjoyalearningenvironmentoutsideofatraditionalclassroom.(特殊教育老師摩根·格里姆說，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)每周進(jìn)行兩次，讓患有自閉癥的瑪利亞與他人交流，享受傳統(tǒng)課堂之外的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。)”可知，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)是為了治療自閉兒童的溝通障礙。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段“Despitethebusyschedule,thefarmpaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses,ensuringeachanimalparticipatesinamaximumofthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.(盡管日程繁忙，農(nóng)場(chǎng)還是格外關(guān)注八匹治療馬的健康和幸福，確保每匹馬每天最多參加三次半小時(shí)的治療。)可知，除了提供課程，VictoriaAcresEquineFacility也重視農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物的狀態(tài)。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Hisfeetbarelyreachthestirrups,buthelooksateaseandconfidentasherocksbackandforthatopthegentlegiant.(他的腳勉強(qiáng)夠到馬鐙，但當(dāng)他在溫柔的巨人身上來回?fù)u擺時(shí)，他看起來很輕松，很自信。)可知，孩子們?cè)隈R背上時(shí)很輕松、很自信。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“TheweeklyactivitycomesthroughapartnershipwithVictoriaAcresEquineFacilityinGuilderland,whichoffersatherapeuticridingprogramtoempowerindividualswithdisabilities.(每周的活動(dòng)是通過與吉爾德蘭的VictoriaAcresEquineFacility合作，它為殘疾人提供治療性騎馬項(xiàng)目。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了紐約學(xué)校與Guilderland的VictoriaAcresEquineFacility合作，為殘疾人提供治療性騎馬項(xiàng)目。這個(gè)活動(dòng)讓患有自閉癥的Maliah能夠在傳統(tǒng)教室之外的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中與他人建立聯(lián)系并享受學(xué)習(xí)，體現(xiàn)了人們對(duì)自閉癥兒童的關(guān)愛。因此推斷文章體現(xiàn)了B項(xiàng)Loveistogrowthwhatwateristoseeds.(愛之于成長，猶如水之于種子)符合主旨。故選B。CResearchfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniahasshownthatsocialmediausersarelikelytosharepoststhatcontaininformationthattheyfeelisrelevanttothemselvesortothepeopletheyknow.Inotherwords,peoplesharepoststhattheybelievetohavevalue—eithertothemselvesortotheirrelationshipswithothers.Anewstudyhasfoundthatmerelyencouragingpeopletoconsiderthevalueledtoincreasedactivityintheareasofthebrainassociatedwithsharingdecisionsandincreasedaperson’smotivationtoshareanarticle.“Alotofpriorresearchonwhatmakespostsgoviralhasfocusedonidentifyingthecharacteristicsofmessagesthataresharedoftenornotsharedoften,”saysleadauthorChristinScholz.“We’relookingattheneuralmechanismsofsharingdecisions.Targetingthosemechanismscouldbeawaytoencouragethespreadofhigh-qualityhealthinformation.”Duringthestudy,ledbyseniorauthorEmilyFalk,participantswereinstructedtoconsidersharingarticlesabouthealthylivingfromTheNewYorkTimeswhiletheirbrainactivitywasmeasuredbyfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).InsidethefMRIscanner,participantswereaskedtothinkaboutsharinganarticlewithaspecificgoalinmind:toeither“helpsomebody”(usethearticletorelatepositivelytoothers)orto“describeyourself”(usethearticletopresentyourselfpositivelytoothers).Asacontrol,participantswereassignedtheneutral“tospreadinformation”goal.“Inallareasoflife,peoplewanttopresentthemselvesinapositivelightortorelatepositivelytoothers,”Scholzsays.“Ourmethodencouragespeopletoidentifywaysinwhichtheycanfulfillthesemotivesthroughthesharingofhealtharticles.Iftheyaresuccessful,theyshouldbemorelikelytodecidetosharethearticle.”Afterreadingtheheadlineandsummaryofahealth-relatedarticle,participantswereaskedtoconsiderwhattheymightsayorwritetoanotherstudyparticipantiftheyweretosharethearticlewiththem,keepinginmindtheirassignedgoal.Finally,participantsratedtheirlikelihoodtosharethearticleinreallife.Thinkingaboutsharingintermsofhowitmighthelpsomeoneelsenotonlyincreasedactivationinbrainregionsassociatedwithself-relatedthinking,value-relatedthinking,andsocial-relatedthinking(particularlymentalizing—theactofimaginingwhatothersarethinking),butalsoincreasedaperson’sself-reportedwillingnesstoshareanarticle.“Ithinkwe’reonlyscratchingthesurfaceintermsofhowyoucouldencouragepeopletosharehigh-qualityhealthinformation,”Scholzsays.“Ahealthcommunicatormightwanttofocusonbeingaccurateandclearandnothavetoworryaboutwhethertheircontentisemotionaltogetclicks.We’retryingtofindwaystofocusonthewould-besharer,tohelpthemfindpersonalmeaninginsharingcontentthatcanbenefitothersandsociety.”28.ThepurposeofChristinScholz’sstudyisto.A.makeherpostsgoviralontheInternetB.encouragethespreadofhealthinformationC.identifythecharacteristicsofsharedmessagesD.findoutwhypeopledecidetoshareinformation29.Accordingtothepassage,whichismorelikelytobeshared?A.Anarticlethatisaccurateandorganized.B.Anarticlecontainsinformationaboutbrains.C.Anarticlethatmightbeusefulforsomefriends.D.Anarticlethatcontainsdebate-triggeringinformation.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AMostpeopletendtosharepostswhentheyareaskedto.B.Peoplesharehealthyinformationtobuildpositiveself-images.C.Researcherswellunderstandhowtoencourageinformationsharing.D.Decidingwhethertoshareapostornotaffectstheactivationinsideourbrain.【答案】28.D29.C30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。短文主要講述了社交媒體用戶分享帖子的動(dòng)機(jī)和決策機(jī)制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們分享帖子是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這些帖子對(duì)自己或與他人的關(guān)系有價(jià)值。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，鼓勵(lì)人們考慮帖子的價(jià)值會(huì)增加與分享決策相關(guān)的大腦活動(dòng)，并增加分享文章的動(dòng)機(jī)。人們可以更好地理解分享決策的神經(jīng)機(jī)制，并通過針對(duì)這些機(jī)制來鼓勵(lì)傳播高質(zhì)量的健康信息?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的““Alotofpriorresearchonwhatmakespostsgoviralhasfocusedonidentifyingthecharacteristicsofmessagesthataresharedoftenornotsharedoften,”saysleadauthorChristinScholz.We’relookingattheneuralmechanismsofsharingdecisions.Targetingthosemechanismscouldbeawaytoencouragethespreadofhigh-qualityhealthinformation.(該研究的主要作者克里斯汀·肖爾茨說:“之前很多關(guān)于帖子走紅的原因的研究都集中在確定經(jīng)常被分享或不經(jīng)常被分享的信息的特征上。我們正在研究共享決策的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。以這些機(jī)制為目標(biāo)可能是鼓勵(lì)傳播高質(zhì)量衛(wèi)生信息的一種方式?！?”可知，ChristinScholz的研究正在研究共享信息的神經(jīng)機(jī)制，目的是為了找出人們決定分享信息的原因。故選D。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniahasshownthatsocialmediausersarelikelytosharepoststhatcontaininformationthattheyfeelisrelevanttothemselvesortothepeopletheyknow.Inotherwords,peoplesharepoststhattheybelievetohavevalue—eithertothemselvesortotheirrelationshipswithothers.(賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的研究表明，社交媒體用戶可能會(huì)分享他們認(rèn)為與自己或認(rèn)識(shí)的人相關(guān)的信息。換句話說，人們分享他們認(rèn)為有價(jià)值的帖子，無論是對(duì)他們自己還是對(duì)他們與他人的關(guān)系。)”可知，人們分享與自己或認(rèn)識(shí)的人的有關(guān)的信息。因此推斷一篇可能對(duì)朋友有用的文章，是最有可能被分享的。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thinkingaboutsharingintermsofhowitmighthelpsomeoneelsenotonlyincreasedactivationinbrainregionsassociatedwithself-relatedthinking,value-relatedthinking,andsocial-relatedthinking(particularlymentalizing—theactofimaginingwhatothersarethinking)，butalsoincreasedaperson’sself-reportedwillingnesstoshareanarticle.(從分享如何幫助他人的角度來思考，不僅會(huì)增加大腦中與自我相關(guān)思維、價(jià)值相關(guān)思維和社會(huì)相關(guān)思維(尤其是精神化——想象別人在想什么的行為)相關(guān)區(qū)域的激活，而且還會(huì)增加一個(gè)人自我報(bào)告的分享文章的意愿。)可知，決定是否分享帖子會(huì)影響我們大腦內(nèi)部的活動(dòng)。故選D。DInourinformation-drivensociety,shapingourworldviewthroughthemediaissimilartoforminganopinionaboutsomeonesolelybasedonapictureoftheirfoot.Whilethemediamightnotdeliberatelydeceiveus,itoftenfailstoprovideacomprehensiveviewofreality.Consequently,thequestionarises:Where,then,shallwegetourinformationfromifnotfromthemedia?Whocanwetrust?Howaboutexperts—peoplewhodevotetheirworkinglivestounderstandingtheirchosensliceoftheworld?However,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻礙)ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyofferasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.Anditiseasytotakeoffdownaslipperyslope,fromoneattention-grabbingsimpleideatoafeelingthatthisideabeautifullyexplains,oristhebeautifulsolutionfor,lotsofotherthings.Theworldbecomessimplethatway.Yet,whenweembraceasingularcauseorsolutionforallproblems,weriskoversimplifyingcomplexissues.Forinstance,championingtheconceptofequalitymayleadustoviewallproblemsthroughthelensofinequalityandseeresourcedistributionasthesolepanacea.However,suchrigiditypreventsusfromseeingthemultidimensionalnatureofchallengesandhinderstruecomprehensionofreality.This“singleperspectiveinstinct”ultimatelycloudsourjudgmentandrestrictsourcapacitytotacklecomplexissueseffectively.Itsavesalotoftimetothinklikethis.Youcanhaveopinionsandanswerswithouthavingtolearnaboutaproblemfromscratchandyoucangetonwithusingyourbrainforothertasks.Butit’snotsousefulifyouliketounderstandtheworld.Beingalwaysinfavoroforalwaysagainstanyparticularideamakesyoublindtoinformationthatdoesn’tfityourperspective.Thisisusuallyabadapproachifyouwouldliketounderstandreality.Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.Ihavebeenwrongabouttheworldsomanytimes.Sometimes,comingupagainstrealityiswhathelpsmeseemymistakes,butoftenitistalkingto,andtryingtounderstand,someonewithdifferentideas.Ifthismeansyoudon’thavetimetoformsomanyopinions,sowhat?Wouldn’tyouratherhavefewopinionsthatarerightthanmanythatarewrong?31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allure”inPara.2probablymean?A.Temptation. B.Tradition. C.Convenience. D.Consequence.32.Whyaresimpleideasappealingaccordingtothepassage?A.Theymeetpeople’sdemandforhighefficiency.B.Theygenerateasenseofcompleteunderstanding.C.Theyareraisedandsupportedbymultipleexperts.D.Theyreflecttheopinionsoflike-mindedindividuals.33.Whatwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Simplifyingmattersreleasesenergyforhumanbrains.B.Constanttestsonourideashelpmakeupforourweakness.C.Awell-foundedopinioncountsmorethanmanyshallowones.D.Peoplewhodisagreewithusoftenhavecomprehensiveviews.34.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.EmbracingDisagreement:RefusingOvercomplexityB.SimplifyingInformation:EnhancingComprehensionC.UnderstandingDifferences:EstablishingRelationshipsD.NavigatingComplexity:ChallengingOversimplification【答案】31.A32.B33.C34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。短文主要講述了在信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的社會(huì)中，塑造我們的世界觀經(jīng)常無法提供全面的現(xiàn)實(shí)視角。簡單的想法可能很吸引人，但是我們會(huì)冒著過度簡化復(fù)雜問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，最終會(huì)影響我們的判斷力，限制我們有效解決復(fù)雜問題的能力。我們應(yīng)該與持有不同觀點(diǎn)的人交談并試圖理解他們的觀點(diǎn)，形成正確的觀點(diǎn)?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“However,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻礙)ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.(然而，即使是專家也會(huì)受到過度簡化的allure，導(dǎo)致“單一視角本能”，阻礙我們掌握世界的復(fù)雜性。)”可知，導(dǎo)致了單一視覺，不能掌握世界的復(fù)雜性，因此推斷受到了過度簡化的誘惑，allure在這里指的是“誘惑”。故選A。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyofferasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.(簡單的想法可能很有吸引力，因?yàn)樗鼈兲峁┝艘环N理解和確定性。)”可知，簡單的想法具有吸引力是因?yàn)樗鼈儺a(chǎn)生一種完全理解的感覺。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.(相反，要不斷測(cè)試你最喜歡的想法的弱點(diǎn)。對(duì)自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)要謙虛。對(duì)不合適的新信息和來自其他領(lǐng)域的信息保持好奇。而不是只與那些同意你的人交談，或者收集符合你想法的例子，咨詢那些反駁你、不同意你的人，并提出不同想法的人，作為理解世界的重要資源。)”可推斷，作者認(rèn)為要不斷測(cè)試自己的想法，要謙虛，要保持好奇，不要只是與同意自己觀點(diǎn)的人交談，要與那些與持有與自己不同觀點(diǎn)的人交流，接受不同的觀點(diǎn)，作為理解世界的重要資源。因此推斷作者認(rèn)為有充分根據(jù)的觀點(diǎn)比許多膚淺的觀點(diǎn)更重要。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Inour