英語(yǔ)名詞所有格課件

Englishnounpossessivecasecourseware目錄CONTENCTThedefinitionofpassivecaseinEnglishnounsRulesforpositivecasesofEnglishnounsSpecialcasesofpositivecasesinEnglishnouns目錄CONTENCTTheusageofpositivecasesinEnglishnounsPracticeandconsolidationofthepositivecaseofEnglishnouns01ThedefinitionofpassivecaseinEnglishnounsThepositivecaseisagraphicalformthatindicatesthepositionorownershipItisusedtoshowtherelationshipbetweenanounandanothernounorapronoonInEnglish,thepassivecaseisformedbyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenounForexample,"John'scar"meansthatthecarbelongstoJohnWhatisthepositivecaseofEnglishnounsToindicateownershipToshowsessionTheuseofpassivecasesinEnglishnounsThepassivecaseisusedtoshowownershiporsessionofsomethingForexample,"John'scar"meansthatJohnownsthecarThesessioncaseisalsousedtoshowsessionofsomething,specificallywhensessionisnotexclusiveForexample,"thechildren'stoys"meansthatthetoysarelongtothechildren,butitdoesnotspecifywhichchildren'stoystheyareTheConstructionofthePositiveCaseofEnglishNounsFormat:ThepassivecaseisformedbyaddinganApostropheandan's'totheendofthenounForexample,"dog"benefits"dog's"Singularandpluralnouns:ThepositivecaseisformeddifferentlyforsingularandpluralnounsForsingularnouns,theapostropheand's'areaddedtotheendoftheword,asin'cat's'Forregularnounsendingin's',onlyanapostropheisadded,asin'dogs'Forregularnounsnotendingin's',bothanapostropheand's'areadded,asin'pigs'Propnouns:ThepassivecaseisformedforpropernounsinthesamewayasforothernounsForexample,"John's"or"Paris's"However,somepropernounsmayhavedifferentrulesforformingthepositivecase,suchas"St.John's"or"GeneralMotors'"02RulesforpositivecasesofEnglishnounsSummarywordDetaileddescriptionSummarywordDetaileddescriptionRule1:ThepositivecaseoflivingnounsWhenindicatingallrelationshipsoflivingnouns,'isusuallyaddedafterthenoun.Forexample,forthelivingnoun"dog",itspossessiveformis"dog's",indicatingallrelationshipsofthedog.Ifthenounendswiths,simplyadd'attheendtoindicateallrelationships.Forexample,thepluralformof"boss"is"bosses",anditspossessiveformis"boss's".Rule2:ThepositivecaseofinanimatenounsSummaryForinanimatenouns,itiscommontoaddan'afterthenountoindicateallrelationships.DetaileddescriptionForexample,theinanimatenoun"car"hasthepossessiveformof"car's",indicatingallrelationshipsofthecar.SummarywordIfthenounendswiths,simplyadd'attheendtoindicateallrelationships.DetaileddescriptionForexample,thepluralformof"kiss"is"kiss",anditspossessiveformis"kiss's".SummarywordForabbreviatednouns,a'isusuallyaddedaftertheabbreviationtoindicateallrelationships.SummarywordIftheabbreviationendswiths,add'directlyattheendtoindicateallrelationships.DetaileddescriptionForexample,"IQ"isanabbreviation,anditspossessiveformis"IQ's".DetaileddescriptionForexample,"ID"isanabbreviation,anditspossessiveformis"ID's",indicatingallrelationshipsofthisidentitydocument.Rule3:ThepositivecaseofAbbreviatedNouns03SpecialcasesofpositivecasesinEnglishnounsTimeWhenreferringtotimeperiods,suchasyears,months,anddays,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"today'snewspaper"and"nextyear'splans."DistanceWhenreferringtodistances,suchasmiles,kilometers,andmyths,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"threemiles'walk"and"tenkilometers'run."WeightWhenreferringtoweights,suchaspounds,kilogram,andtons,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"twotons'weight"and"fivekilograms'weight."ValueWhenreferringtovaluesorwords,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"thevalueofgold"and"theworldofdiamonds."01020304Specialcaseone:positivecaseofnounsrepresentingtime,distance,weight,andvalueWhenreferringtospecificcountriesorregions,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"America'sculture"and"Canada'sgeography."CountryWhenreferringtospecificcitiesorurbanareas,thepositivecaseisusedForexample,"NewYork'sskyline"and"London'stransportsystem."CitySpecialCase2:ThepositivecaseofgeographictermssuchascountryandcityCompoundnouns:Whenacompoundnounisformedbycombiningtwoormorewords,thepassivecaseisusedwhenreferringtothecompoundasawholeForexample,"fatherinlaw'svisit"and"stepother'srole."Specialcasethree:positivecaseofcompoundnouns04TheusageofpositivecasesinEnglishnounsSummarywordindicatesallrelationshipsDetaileddescriptionInEnglish,thepossessivecaseofanounisusedtoindicatethatsomethingbelongstosomeone,usuallybyadding'afterthenoun.Forexample,"John'scar"indicatesthatthiscarbelongstoJohn.Usage1:IndicatorsownershiprelationshipindicatescommonownershiprelationshipSummarywordWhentwoormorepeoplejointlyownsomething,thepossessivecaseofanouncanbeusedtoindicateit.Usually,an'isaddedafterthenameofthelastcoowner,followedbyan'and'.Forexample,"JohnandMary'shouse"meansthatthishousebelongstoJohnandMaryjointly.DetaileddescriptionUsage2:IndicatorsajointownershiprelationshipSummarySomethingthatrepresentssomeoneDetaileddescriptionThepossessivecaseofanouncanalsobeusedtoindicatesomethingofsomeone,usuallybyadding'afterthenoun.Forexample,"theprofessor'sbook"indicateswhichprofessorownsthebook.Usage3:Indicators"somethingofsomeone"05PracticeandconsolidationofthepositivecaseofEnglishnounsSummaryThisexerciseaimstoimprovestudents'understandingoftheprospectivecaseofEnglishnounsbycompletingsenseswiththeappropriateprospectiveformDescriptionProvideaseriesofsenseswithblanksforthepassiveformofnounsAskstudentstoidentifythecorrectpositiveformthatfitsineachblankExercise1:Fill