2022屆優(yōu)質校一模英語試卷匯編-閱讀理解之說明文 答案版

2017年高考“最后三十天”專題透析2017年高考“最后三十天”專題透析好教育云平臺--教育因你我而變好教育云平臺--教育因你我而變專題10專題10××閱讀理解之說明文?？碱}型?？碱}型題型考查年份考查話題說明文2021年全國甲卷PortLympne保護區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現狀2021年全國乙卷世界上著名的大型競技場的基本情況2021年新高考全國卷Ⅰ美國鴨票的故事2020年全國卷Ⅰ競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，及專家給受過傷的人的建議2020年全國卷Ⅱ美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀…………方法點撥方法點撥解題方法1.定位對照法：先閱讀題干，然后根據問題的要求，按照題目順序依次有針對性地結合題干中的關鍵詞到文中定位，閱讀相關部分并快速尋找有效信息。再將原文和選項進行比較。當問題與原文材料相同的時候，對號入座；如果問題與原文不同．則可以同義替換、歸納事實等。2.選項分析法：根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容。再仔細對照，排除于文章內容不一致的錯誤信息，從而確定選項。3.中心精確捕捉法：根據議論文特點對文章中心段或句進行精準分析。兩種解題步驟方式一：1.讀開頭段，把握中心（中心明確）；2.解“主旨題”以及“主旨相關題”；3.解“細節(jié)題”（先定段，后定句）。方式二1.讀開頭段，把握中心（中心不明確）；2.解“細節(jié)題”（先定段，后定句）；3.解“主旨題”以及“主旨相關題”?！咀⒁馐马棥?.不必通讀全文，不必千方百計理解文章所有語句；2.必須首先讀好開頭與結尾段，快速準確找出文章中心主旨；3.注意并充分利用文章中所給出的中文提示詞。2021年全國乙卷Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers. B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions. D.Theircomplexdesign.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.3.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames. B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones. D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。1.主旨大意題。根據文章第二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(現在你很難在澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒有手機的人。事實上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機。幾乎每個人都可以隨時隨地撥打和接聽電話)”可推知，本段主要說明手機在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。故選B項。2.詞句猜測題。根據劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調查的目標人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據下文“it’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調查中，他們應該是承認了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認”。故選A項。3.推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.(嬰兒潮時代中有84%的人可能已經有50年相同的家庭號碼了)”以及文章第五段“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是說，老實說，唯一打過我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母)”可推知，嬰兒潮時代的人一直用固定電話。故選C項。4.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜歡你的座機？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用類比的方式，使用煤氣路燈以及早晨送牛奶已經被淘汰的例子，側面說明了固定電話總有一天會廢棄的。故選B項。2020·全國卷I，CRacewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.5.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.6.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.7.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.8.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】5.C6.D7.A8.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要想從事這樣運動要謹慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項運動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運動員是需要具備某些條件的運動員是因為運動員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不太可能導致膝蓋受傷。故選D項。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應該首先咨詢教練或有經驗的競走運動員，學習適當的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項。8.推理判斷題。根據第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。試題匯編試題匯編岳陽市2019屆高三一模AMENTORING(導師制）programisgivinglifechangingopportunitiestoBanburyyouth.YoungInspirationswasfoundedtwoyearsagotoprovidementoringsessionsforstudentsandunemployedyoungadultsaged11to21.AlexGoldberg,theprogram’sfounder,said:“WesetupYoungInspirationsbecausewewantedtogiveyoungpeopleexperienceswhichwillpotentiallybelifechangingandbroadentheiroutlook.”“Wetrytocreateworkexperienceopportunitiesthatwillreallymakeadifferencetoouryouth.Forexample,we’vesecuredinternships(實習)withworld-famousfirmssuchasHonda.”“Atatimeoffundingcutbacks,schoolsarefindingitmoreandmoredifficulttoofferthiskindofmentoringbecauseofthat—Itisextremelyimportantthattheseopportunitiesareavailablebothtohelpyouthwiththeirschoolworkandgradesandtogivethemopportunitieswhichmayhelpshapetheirfutures.”KieranHepbum,14,isoneofagroupofBanburyyouthwhohasbenefitedfromtheprogramsofar.InOctobertheBanburySchoolpupilwasaccompaniedbyYoungInspirationsstafftoPariswherehewasanobserverattheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization’s(UNESCO)InternationalYouthForum(論壇).Theeventwasheldforyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworld,toseektheirviewsonhowthefutureofyouthandeducationshouldlook.Kieranjoinedseveralhundredobserversmostlyintheir20sandwastheonlyUKschoolpupiltoattendtheevent.Kieranthinksthetripwasalifechangingexperience.“Beforeweleft1didn’tquiteknowwhattomakeofitbutwhenwegottherewedidntstop,itwasamazing”hesaid,“Wewenttothreeorfourhoursofdebateseachdayandthendidsomethingculturaleachafternoon.”Themainthemeoftheforumwashowyouthcandrivechangeinpoliticalandpubliclife.Itdealtwithissues(問題）suchasdrugabuse,violenceandunemployment.kieransaid:“IthasreallyhelpedmetoimprovemyconfidenceandsocialskillsaswellasmyschoolgradesandIwasvotedmostimprovedpupilatschoolinAugust.”TheYoungInspirationsmentoringsessionstakeplaceeachFridayinBanbury.Fordetailsvisitwww.younginsviratiom.com.1.WhyisTheYoungInspirationsmentoringprogramsetup?A.Toprovideyouthwithuniqueexperiences.B.Totrainstaffforworld-famousfirms.C.Toequiptheunemployedwithdifferentskills.D.Toofferjobopportunitiestoyoungadults.2."Whatdoestheunderlined“that”inparagraph3referto?A.theshortageofmoney.B.thelackofsupportfromfirms.C.theeffectofunemployment.D.thelackofopportunities.3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.thevisittotheUnitedKingdomwasamazingB.thementoringsessionsareheldeverydayexceptFridayC.theyouthhavefoundawaytosolvetheirproblemsD.Kieranhasmadegreatprogressinmanyaspects4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AlexGoldberg,FounderofYoungInspirationsB.Kieran,BanburySchoolPupiltoParisC.YoungPeopleFindaWorldofOpportunityD.DebatesHelpYouthwithTheirGrades【答案】1.A2.A3.D4.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了通過導師制，培訓學校提升他們的能力，從而給他們找到更多的機會。1.推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中的“WesetupYoungInspirationsbecausewewantedtogiveyoungpeopleexperienceswhichwillpotentiallybelifechangingandbroadentheiroutlook.”可知，我們建立YoungInspirations是為了給年輕人提供改變生活和開闊視野的經驗。故選A。2.推理判斷題。由第三段第一句“Atatimeoffundingcutbacks,schoolsarefindingitmoreandmoredifficulttoofferthiskindofmentoring”可知在資金削減的情況下，學校發(fā)現提供這種輔導越來越困難。故下文中的that此處指代fundingcutbacks（資金削減），故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段中的“Kieransaid:“IthasreallyhelpedmetoimprovemyconfidenceandsocialskillsaswellasmyschoolgradesandIwasvotedmostimprovedpupilatschoolinAugust.””可知，Kieran取得了很大進步。故選D4.主旨大意題。文章通篇講述了通過導師制，培訓學生提供他們的能力，從而給他們找到更多的機會。故選C。2020屆四川省天府名校高三5月教學質量聯合測評I.M.Pei,oneofthebest-knownarchitectsofthe20thcentury,hasdied.Hewas102.BorninChina,IeohMingPeimovedtotheUnitedStatesin1935tostudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvardUniversity.Pei’sworksaroundtheworldincludemuseums,governmentbuildings,hotels,schoolsandotherstructuresbuiltwithstone,steelandglass.Oneofhisbest-knownandmostdisputedworkswasbuilt30yearsago.Peicreatedanewentrancefortheworld-famousLouvreMuseuminParis.PeifirstspentfourmonthsstudyingthemuseumandFrenchhistory.Hethendrewplansfora21-meter-tallsteelandglassid,withthreesmallerpyramidsnearby.Itwasaveryfuturisticstyleofworkforthe12th-centurybuilding.AFrenchnewspapercriticizedPei’spyramidsas“anannextoDisneyland”.Anenvironmentalgroupsaidtheybelongedinadesert.OthersaccusedPeiofruiningoneoftheworld’sgreatestlandmarks.PeisaidtheLouvrewasthemostdifficultjobofhiscareer.Hearguedthathehadwantedtocreateamodernspacethatwouldnottakeawayfromthetraditionalpartofthemuseum.HesaidtheglasspyramidswerebasedontheworksofFrenchlandscapearchitectLeNotre.TheyhonoredFrenchhistory.Thepyramidsopenedinthespringof1989.Overtheyearsthatfollowed,thestructurecametobelovedbymost,ifnotall,ofitscritics.Otherwell-knownPeibuildingsincludetheJohnF.KennedyLibraryinDorchester,Massachusetts,theNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder,Colorado,theEastWingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonandtheDallasCityHallinTexas.Peiofficiallyretiredin1990.However,hecontinuedtoworkonprojects—includingmuseumsinLuxembourg,QatarandhisancestralhomeofSuzhou.5.WhatistrueabouttheentrancecreatedbyPeifortheLouvreMuseum?A.Peispentfourmouthsdrawingplansforit. B.Therearefourpyramidsintotal.C.It’sinastyleofthe12thcentury. D.Ittook30yearstocompletethework.6.WhatcanweinferfromPei’swordsinParagraph4?A.TheglasspyramidswereoriginallydesignedbyLeNotre.B.TheglasspyramidswerebasedontheFrenchlandscape.C.TheglasspyramidswereinharmonywiththeLouvre.D.TheglasspyramidsreflectedbothFrenchandChinesestyle.7.Whatweremostpeople’sattitudestowardsPei’spyramidsyearsafteritsopening?A.Indifferent. B.Puzzled.C.Critical. D.Favorable.8.WhatdoweknowaboutPeiaccordingtothepassage?A.Hewashardworking,optimisticandeasygoing.B.HespreadChinesetraditionalarchitecturetotheworld.C.HecreatedmanygreatworksbothinChinaandothercountries.D.Hewasthemostoutstandingarchitectofthe20thcentury.【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了貝聿銘在建筑領域上的成就。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段第五句“Hethendrewplansfora21-meter-tallsteelandglasspyramid,withthreesmallerpyramidsnearby.”然后，他繪制了一個21米高的鋼和玻璃金字塔的計劃，附近還有三個較小的金字塔。由此可知，盧浮宮入口一共有4個金字塔。故選B。6.推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Hearguedthathehadwantedtocreateamodernspacethatwouldnottakeawayfromthetraditionalpartofthemuseum.HesaidtheglasspyramidswerebasedontheworksofFrenchlandscapearchitectLeNotre.TheyhonoredFrenchhistory.”他爭辯說，他想要創(chuàng)造一個不會脫離博物館的傳統(tǒng)部分的現代空間。他說，玻璃金字塔是基于法國景觀設計師勒諾特爾的作品。他們向法國歷史致敬?？芍@個玻璃金字塔是與盧浮宮的傳統(tǒng)風格相契合的。故選C。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段第二句“Overtheyearsthatfollowed,thestructurecametobelovedbymost,ifnotall,ofitscritics.”在接下來的幾年里，該結構受到了大多數（如果不是全部的話）批評人士的喜愛。由此可知，這個建筑被大多數人喜愛。故選D。8.推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句“However,hecontinuedtoworkonprojects—includingmuseumsinLuxembourg,QatarandhisancestralhomeofSuzhou”然而，他繼續(xù)從事項目工作——包括盧森堡、卡塔爾和他的祖籍蘇州的博物館。由此可知，在中國和其他國家都有其創(chuàng)作的作品。故選C。2020屆河北省衡水中學高三第六次調考The2019WorldConferenceonVRIndustryshowsthatVirtualReality(VR)technologycanbeusedtorevolutionizepeople’sexperiencesinpracticallyanyfield.HeldinNanchangfromOct.19to22,theannualconferenceattractedmorethan300experts,leadingscholarsandcompanyprincipalsfromover30countries.Thethemeofthisyear’sWorldConferenceonVRIndustrywas“VR+5Gtoranewageofinsight.”Conferencesandexhibitions,whichhostedmorethan2,000companiesfromacrosstheworld,wereheldduringtheevent.AsChinaintroduces5Gthisyear,expertsandindustryinsiderssaidthattheVRindustrywillhugthenewera.“WewilltaketheleadinVRtechnologycreativity.Forexample,thetechnologyhasalreadybeenappliedsuccessfullytothisyear'sNationalDayparade.Thepopularityofthetechnologyamongyoungergenerationsofusersguaranteesalargepotentialmarket,saidGuoPing,representativeofHuawei.In2018,OralRobertsUniversityintheUSAopenedanewGlobalLearningCenter,whichhasclassroomsequippedwith360-degreecamerasonthewail,whichfollowsandrecordsprofessorsastheyteach.Throughanapponthesmartphone,studentscanseeimagesin3Dandmanipulate（操縱）them.InMay2019,aVRthemeparkopenedtothepublicinLondon.Coveringabout13,000squaremeterswith120setsofadvancedVRequipment,theparkattractsthousandsofvisitorseveryday.Duringthe22ndAsianMusicFestival,themusicalEightmadeitssecondappearance.Eightisauniquefusionofmusic,theater,VRtechnologyandvisualart,inwhichaudiencememberswearVRheadsetstowalkthroughandmanipulateanequipment.Theshowtellsapoeticstoryofanoldwomanlookingbackonherlifeanditlastsfor15minutes.9.Whatdoesthisyear'sWorldConferencesuggest?A.VRtechnologycanbeusedonlywith5G.B.VRtechnologycanchangepeople'slives.C.China's5Gtechnologywilltakethelead.D.MoreVRthemeparkswillbeopenedtopublic.10.WhyisGuoPingconfidentaboutVRtechnology?A.Becauseitattractsexpertstocooperate.B.Becauseithasalargeoverseasmarket.C.Becauseyoungcustomershaveinterestinit.D.Becauseithaschangedhowtoteachandlearn.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fusion”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.research B.processC.combination D.type12.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ChinaIsLeadingtheWayintheWorldB.VRTechnologyDevelopmentinChinaC.5GTechnologyL:ChinaMovesAheadQuicklyD.TheBrightFutureofVRinDiverseFields【答案】9.B10.C11.C12.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了2019年世界虛擬現實產業(yè)大會表明，虛擬現實技術實際上可以在任何領域為人們的體驗帶來革命性的變化。虛擬現實在各個領域的前景光明。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“The2019WorldConferenceonVRIndustryshowsthatVirtualReality(VR)technologycanbeusedtorevolutionizepeople’sexperiencesinpracticallyanyfield.”2019年世界虛擬現實產業(yè)大會表明，虛擬現實技術實際上可以在任何領域為人們的體驗帶來革命性的變化?？芍衲甑氖澜鐣h說明了虛擬現實技術可以改變人們的生活建議。故選B。10.推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Thepopularityofthetechnologyamongyoungergenerationsofusersguaranteesalargepotentialmarket,saidGuoPing,representativeofHuawei.”這項技術在年輕一代用戶中的普及保證了一個巨大的潛在市場，代表華為的郭平說?？芍綄μ摂M現實技術充滿信心因為年輕顧客對它感興趣。故選C。11.詞義猜測題。根據文章最后一段“Eightisauniquefusionofmusic,theater,VRtechnologyandvisualart,inwhichaudiencememberswearVRheadsetstowalkthroughandmanipulateanequipment.”八是音樂、劇院、虛擬現實技術和視覺藝術的獨特融合，觀眾戴著虛擬現實耳機通過和操作設備?？芍猣usion意為“組合”。故選C。12.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了2019年世界虛擬現實產業(yè)大會表明，虛擬現實技術實際上可以在任何領域為人們的體驗帶來革命性的變化。虛擬現實在各個領域的前景光明。所以可知這篇文章最好的標題是“虛擬現實在各個領域的光明前景”。故選D。遼寧省遼陽市2020屆高三一模MostofEarth’sfreshwatersitsunderground.Worldwide,about70percentofthegroundwaterdrawntothesurfacegoesforfarming.Butsurfacewaters—riversandstreams—comefromgroundwater,too.Drawingtoomuchgroundwateroverashorttimecanbeharmful.Naturalwaterwayscanbegintoempty.Andthatcanhurtfreshwaterecosystems.Scientistsconsiderthisatippingpointwhensmallactionscanbeginmakingunusuallybigdifferences.Anewstudyhasfoundthat15to21percentoftappedwater(自來水)areashavereachedthissortoftippingpoint.Mostofthosetappedriversandstreamsareindryareas.Farmersintheseareasusegroundwatertowatertheircrops.Atpresentdrawingrates,thestudypredictsthat42to79percentofwaterareasaroundtheworldwheregroundwaterisdrawnupforuseatthesurfacewillreachtippingpointsby2050.Ahealthygroundwateraquifer(含水層)protectsecosystemsagainstseasonalupsanddownsintheuseofwater.Thatprovidesstabilityforareaplantsandanimals.Butiftoomuchgroundwaterisdrawnupfrombelow,surfacewaterswillbegintoflowintotheaquifer,whichcanharmwhatarelivinginriversandstreams.DeGraafandthestudyteamsetupacomputermodel.Itlinkedgroundwaterdrawingandwaterflowswithinrivers.Themodelcoveredfiftyyears,from1960to2010.Thentheresearchersusedclimateforecaststohelpthemodelpredictwhatmighthappeninfutureyears.Throughout,theykeptgroundwaterdrawingratessustainable.Morethanhalfofdrawnwaterareasarelikelytocrossthisecologicaltippingpointbefore2050,themodelfinds.“Weneedtobethinkingaboutthisnow,notin10years,”DeGraafsays.“Ourstudyshowsuswheretotargetmoresustainableefforts.”13.Whatdoesthe“tippingpoint”inparagraph1mean?A.Endpoint. B.Breakingpoint.C.Freezingpoint. D.Boilingpoint.14.Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Warnusthatthesurfacewatercanpollutethegroundwater.B.Warnusofwateringthecropbygroundwater.C.Tellustherelationofgroundwaterandsurfacewater.D.Warnusthattheoveruseofgroundwatercandestroytheecosystem.15.Whatisthepartthegroundwaterplaysintheenvironment?A.Keepingthestabilityofnaturalwater.B.Protectingecosystemsfrompollution.C.Clearingsurfacewaterstobedrinkable.D.Providingstabilityforthelocaleconomy.16.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Theypredictedtheresultbasedontheolddata.B.Theyhappenedtoworkouttheresult.C.Theymeasuredallthegroundwaterandsurfacewater.D.Theydidquestionnairesurveysonthewaterinformation.【答案】13.B14.D15.A16.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。研究預測，到2050年，全球42%至79%的地下水被開采出來供地表使用的水域將達到臨界點，這可能會損害淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。研究人員呼吁現在就要開始考慮地下水可持續(xù)發(fā)展努力的方向。13.詞義猜測題。根據第一段中“Drawingtoomuchgroundwateroverashorttimecanbeharmful.Naturalwaterwayscanbegintoempty.Andthatcanhurtfreshwaterecosystems.Scientistsconsiderthisatippingpointwhensmallactionscanbeginmakingunusuallybigdifferences.”可知，在短時間內攝取過多的地下水是有害的。自然水道可能會開始干涸。這可能會損害淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?？茖W家認為這是一個tippingpoint，小行動可以開始產生不同尋常的大差異。由此可知，推斷這是一個轉折點，因此猜測劃線短語tippingpoint意為“轉折點，臨界點”。故選B項。14.推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Drawingtoomuchgroundwateroverashorttimecanbeharmful.Naturalwaterwayscanbegintoempty.Andthatcanhurtfreshwaterecosystems.”可知，在短時間內攝取過多的地下水是有害的。自然水道可能會開始干涸。這可能會損害淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；以及最后一段““Weneedtobethinkingaboutthisnow,notin10years,”DeGraafsays.“Ourstudyshowsuswheretotargetmoresustainableefforts.””可知，“我們需要現在就考慮這個問題，而不是10年后，”DeGraaf說。“我們的研究為我們指明了更多可持續(xù)努力的方向?！庇纱丝芍?，作者寫這篇文章的目的是警告我們過度使用地下水會破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選D項。15.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“Ahealthygroundwateraquifer(含水層)protectsecosystemsagainstseasonalupsanddownsintheuseofwater.Thatprovidesstabilityforareaplantsandanimals.”可知，健康的地下水含水層保護生態(tài)系統(tǒng)免受水利用的季節(jié)性波動。這為當地的動植物提供了穩(wěn)定性。由此可知，地下水在環(huán)境中的重要作用是保持天然水的穩(wěn)定。故選A項。16.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“DeGraafandthestudyteamsetupacomputermodel.Itlinkedgroundwaterdrawingandwaterflowswithinrivers.Themodelcoveredfiftyyears,from1960to2010.Thentheresearchersusedclimateforecaststohelpthemodelpredictwhatmighthappeninfutureyears.”可知，DeGraaf和研究小組建立了一個計算機模型。它將地下水抽取和河流中的水流聯系起來。該模型涵蓋了從1960年到2010年的50年。然后，研究人員利用氣候預測來幫助模型預測未來幾年可能發(fā)生的事情。由此可知，研究人員根據舊的數據預測了結果。故選A項。2021屆湖南省教育聯合體高三7月聯考Theycallitthe“ruleof150”.Ananthropologist(人類學家)calledRobinDunbarmadeastudyof21differentprimitivesocieties.Hefoundthattheyalllivedinvillagesofaround150people.Thenheaskedpeoplelivinginmoderncitiestomakealistofallthepeopletheyknewwellenoughtotalkto.Eachofthemmadealistofaround150people.Manyofushaveleftvillagelifebehind.Buttheideaofthevillagehasnotleftus.Otherstudiesofbusinessesandarmyunitshaveshownthatwhenpeopleareforcedintogroupsofover150theybecomeinefficient.Therearejusttoomanypeoplearoundtocommunicatewitheffectively.Italsoseemsthatwhenourpersonal“villages”becometoosmall,peoplefeellonely.Weneedotherpeopletohelpus.Manypeopleseelifeasakindofjourney.Astheytraveltheypickupthingstheyneed.Thesearefriends,afamilyandjobs.Thisisanarrowwayoflookingatthings.Itdoesnotexplainwhypeoplewhogetgoodjobsandbecomerichareoftenunhappy.Usingthe“ruleof150”,wecanseethingsdifferently.Insteadofbeingalonelytraveler,youaretheheadofyourownvillage.Youareresponsibleforeverypartofvillagelife.Gettingagoodjobhelpswiththe“economicdevelopmentofyourvillage.Butyoualsoneedtopayattentiontothesocialharmonyofyourvillage.Manypeoplethinkthathappinessisaboutwinningarace.Thewinnergetsagreatjob,aperfectfamilyandalotofmoney.Thelosershouldexpecttobeunhappy.The“ruleof150”teachesusthathappinesscomeswithgettingtherightbalanceofrelationshipinourlives.Inacompetitivesocietyitiseasytojudgepeopleaccordingtothekindofjobtheyhaveorhowmuchmoneytheymake.Infact,weareallthebossofourownvillages.Thisisadifficultjob.Itisworthyofyourrespect.17.Whatdoesthefigure“150”relateto?A.Thesizeofagroup. B.Thenumberof