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生活的藝術TheImportanceofLivingtheimportanceofliving生活的意義LinYutang
(Chinese:
林語堂October10,1895–March26,1976)wasa
Chinesewriter,translator,linguistandinventor.HisinformalbutpolishedstyleinbothChineseandEnglishmadehimoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofhisgeneration,andhiscompilationsandtranslationsofclassicChinesetexts
intoEnglishwerebestsellersintheWest.
After1935LinlivedmainlyintheUnitedStates,wherehebecameknownasa“wiseandwitty”popularizerofChinesephilosophyandwayoflife.Lin’sbestsellerswere
MyCountryandMyPeople
(simplifiedChinese:
吾國與吾民)(1935)and
TheImportanceofLiving(simplifiedChinese:
生活的藝術)(1937),writteninEnglishinacharmingstyle.OthersincludeBetweenTearsandLaughter
(啼笑皆非)(1943).theimportanceofliving生活的意義ThreeStandardsofTranslation:
faithfulness(忠實)
expressiveness(通順)
beauty(美)theimportanceofliving生活的意義聲聲慢Sodim,sodark,Sodense,sodull,Sodamp,sodank,Sodead!Theweather,nowwarm,nowcold,MakesitharderThanevertoforget!HowcanafewcupsofthinwineBringwarmthagainstThechilly
windsofsunset?Irecognizethegeeseflyingoverhead:Myoldfriends,Bringnottheoldmemoriesback!尋尋覓覓,冷冷清清,凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候,最難將息。三杯兩盞淡酒,怎敵他曉來風急?雁過也,正傷心,卻是舊時相識。SlowSlowTunetheimportanceofliving生活的意義Letfallenflowersliewheretheyfall.TowhatpurposeandforwhomshouldIdecorate?Bythewindowshut,guardingitalone,toseetheskyhasturnedsoblack!AndthedrizzleonthekolanutKeepsondroning:Pit-a-pat,pit-a-pat!滿地黃花堆積,憔悴損,如今有誰堪摘?守著窗兒獨自,怎生得黑!梧桐更兼細雨,到黃昏、點點滴滴。這次第,怎一個愁字了得!theimportanceofliving生活的意義LinYutanginthisbooktalksaboutZhuangZhou'sindifferenttofameandwealth,praisesTaoYuanming'sleisurelyattitudetowardslife,readsthe"GuiQuLaiXispeech",andtellsthestoriesintheBible.ItalsotellshowChinesepeopledrinktea,howtheymakeasightseeingtour,seeclouds,identifystones,growflowers,keepbirds,watchthesnow,listentothefallingrain,enjoytheairandthemoon...theimportanceofliving生活的意義Today,IwillsharewhatI’velearnedfromthischapter.theimportanceofliving生活的意義ChapterFive
WHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE?theimportanceofliving生活的意義ChapterFiveWHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE誰最會享受人生Theidealcharacterbestabletoenjoylifeisawarm,carefreeandunafraidsoul.最合于享受人生的理想人物,就是一個熱誠的、悠閑的、無恐懼的人。theimportanceofliving生活的意義
“Philosopher"hasbecomemerelyatermofsocialcompliment.Anyonewhoisabstruseandunintelligibleiscalled"aphilosopher."Anyonewhoisunconcernedwiththepresentisalsocalled"aphilosopher."Andyetthereissometruthinthelattermeaning.
TheonlyproblemunconsciouslyassumedbyallChinesephilosopherstobeofanyimportanceis:howshallweenjoylife,andwhocanbestenjoylife?Noperfectionism(不去追求完美的理想),nostrainingaftertheunattainable((不去尋找那勢不可得的事物),nopostulatingoftheunknowable(不去窮究那些不可得知的東西);buttakingpoor,mortalhumannatureasitis,howshallweorganizeourlifethatwecanworkpeacefully,endurenobly(曠達地忍耐)andlivehappily?I.FindThyself:Chuangtse
(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己:莊子)theimportanceofliving生活的意義Whoarewe?Thatisthefirstquestion.Itisaquestionalmostimpossibletoanswer.Butweallagreethatthebusyselfoccupiedinourdailyactivitiesisnotquitetherealself.Wearequitesurewehavelostsomethinginthemerepursuitofliving.Soweoftenforgetourtrueselfinthepursuitofliving,likeabirdforgettingitsowndangerinpursuitofamantis,whichagainforgetsitsowndangerinpursuitofanotherprey,asissobeautifullyexpressedinaparable
(美妙的譬喻)byChuangtse.Chuangtsesaidthatwehavelostsomethingandthebusinessofphilosophyistodiscoverandrecoverthatwhichislostinthiscase,“achild’sheart,”accordingtoMencius.“Agreatmanishewhohasnotlosttheheartofachild,”saysthisphilosopher.theimportanceofliving生活的意義II.Passion,WisdomAndCourage:MenciusMenciusenumeratedthethree“maturevirtues”ofhis“greatman”as“wisdom,compassionandcourage.”Ishouldliketolopoffonesyllableandregardasthequalitiesofagreatsoulpassion,wisdomandcourage.AsChangChaosays,"Apassionatenaturealwaysloveswomen,butonewholoveswomenisnotnecessarilyapassionatenature."Andagain,"Passionholdsupthebottomoftheworld,whilegeniuspaintsitsroof."Forunlesswehavepassion,wehavenothingtostartoutinlifewithatall.智情勇:孟子theimportanceofliving生活的意義Wearebornwithagivencoldorwarmnature.anditisonlyinproportionaswelosethatyouthfulheartthatwelosetheinnerwarmthinourselves.Foritseemsthatwhileamanwithpassionandsentimentmaydomanyfoolishandprecipitate(魯莽的)things,butamanwithoutpassionorsentimentisajokeandacaricature(一副諷刺畫).Sothiswarmgenerosityofsoulhastobeprotectedagainstlifebyaphilosophy,becauselifeisharsh,warmthofsoulisnotenough,andpassionmustbejoinedtowisdomandcourage.Tomewisdomandcouragearethesamething,forcourageisbornofanunderstandingoflife;hewhocompletelyunderstandslifeisalwaysbrave.Anywaythattypeofwisdomwhichdoesnotgiveuscourageisnotworthhavingatall.Wisdomleadstocouragebyexercisingavetoagainstourfoolishambitionsandemancipating(從……解放出來)usfromthefashionablehumbug(騙子)ofthisworld,whetherhumbugofthoughtorhumbugoflife.theimportanceofliving生活的意義III.Cynicism,FollyandCamouflage:Laotse玩世、愚鈍、潛隱:老子theimportanceofliving生活的意義Paradoxically,Laotse‘smostwickedphilosophyof“theoldrogue”(老滑)hasbeenresponsibleforthehighestidealofpeace,tolerance,simplicityandcontentment.Suchteachingsincludethewisdomofthefoolish,theadvantageofcamouflage(隱逸者的長處),thestrengthofweakness,and.thesimplicityofthetrulysophisticatedThegreatestwisdomseemslikestupidity.Thegreatesteloquencelikestuttering(口吃,結巴).Movementovercomescold,Butstayingovercomesheat.Sohebyhislimpidcalm
Putseverythingright
underheaven.(清凈為天下正)theimportanceofliving生活的意義LinYutangmadeapoemwhichsumsupthemessageofTaoisticthought:Thereisthewisdomofthefoolish,Thegracefulnessoftheslow,Thesubtletyofstupidity,Theadvantageoflyinglow(隱者).theimportanceofliving生活的意義IV.PhilosophyofHalf-and-half:
Tsesse
(中庸哲學:子思)
Thosearethebestcynicswhoarehalf-cynics.ThehighesttypeoflifeafterallisthelifeofsweetreasonablenessastaughtbyConfucius'grandson,Tsesse,authorofTheGoldenMean.theimportanceofliving生活的意義Afterallallowancesaremadeforthenecessityofhavingafewsupermeninourmidstexplorers,conquerors,greatinventors,greatpresidents,heroeswhochangethecourseofhistorythehappiestmanisstillthemanofthemiddle-classwhohasearnedaslightmeansofeconomicindependence,whohasdonealittle,butjustalittle,formankind,andwhoisslightlydistinguishedinhiscommunity,butnottoodistinguished.Itisonlyinthismilieu
(背景)ofwell-knownobscurityandfinancialcompetencewithapinch,whenlifeisfairlycarefreeandyetnotaltogethercarefree,thatthehumanspiritishappiestandsucceedsbest.theimportanceofliving生活的意義V.ALoverofLife:TaoYuanming
Taoisthemostperfectlyharmoniousandwell-roundedcharacterintheentireChineseliterarytradition,livedanddied,acarefreeandconscience-free,humblepeasant-poet,andawiseandmerryoldman.theimportanceofliving生活的意義WithTao'sgreatloveoflife,hecouldnothavebeenwillingtoescapefromitaltogether.Hiswifeandchildrenweretoorealforhim,hisgardenandtheboughstretchingacrosshiscourtyardandthelonelypineswhichhefondledwerealtogethertooattractive,andbeingareasonableman,insteadofalogician,hestucktothem.Thatwashisloveoflifeandhisjealousyoverit,anditwasfromthispositive,butreasonable,attitudetowardlifethathearrivedatthefeelingofharmonywithlifewh
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