the importance of living生活的意義課件

生活的藝術TheImportanceofLivingtheimportanceofliving生活的意義LinYutang

(Chinese:

林語堂October10,1895–March26,1976)wasa

Chinesewriter,translator,linguistandinventor.HisinformalbutpolishedstyleinbothChineseandEnglishmadehimoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofhisgeneration,andhiscompilationsandtranslationsofclassicChinesetexts

intoEnglishwerebestsellersintheWest.

After1935LinlivedmainlyintheUnitedStates,wherehebecameknownasa“wiseandwitty”popularizerofChinesephilosophyandwayoflife.Lin’sbestsellerswere

MyCountryandMyPeople

(simplifiedChinese:

吾國與吾民)(1935)and

TheImportanceofLiving(simplifiedChinese:

生活的藝術)(1937),writteninEnglishinacharmingstyle.OthersincludeBetweenTearsandLaughter

(啼笑皆非)(1943).theimportanceofliving生活的意義ThreeStandardsofTranslation:

faithfulness（忠實）

expressiveness（通順）

beauty（美)theimportanceofliving生活的意義聲聲慢Sodim,sodark,Sodense,sodull,Sodamp,sodank,Sodead!Theweather,nowwarm,nowcold,MakesitharderThanevertoforget!HowcanafewcupsofthinwineBringwarmthagainstThechilly

windsofsunset?Irecognizethegeeseflyingoverhead:Myoldfriends,Bringnottheoldmemoriesback!尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候，最難將息。三杯兩盞淡酒，怎敵他曉來風急？雁過也，正傷心，卻是舊時相識。SlowSlowTunetheimportanceofliving生活的意義Letfallenflowersliewheretheyfall.TowhatpurposeandforwhomshouldIdecorate?Bythewindowshut,guardingitalone,toseetheskyhasturnedsoblack!AndthedrizzleonthekolanutKeepsondroning:Pit-a-pat,pit-a-pat!滿地黃花堆積，憔悴損，如今有誰堪摘？守著窗兒獨自，怎生得黑！梧桐更兼細雨，到黃昏、點點滴滴。這次第，怎一個愁字了得！theimportanceofliving生活的意義LinYutanginthisbooktalksaboutZhuangZhou'sindifferenttofameandwealth,praisesTaoYuanming'sleisurelyattitudetowardslife,readsthe"GuiQuLaiXispeech",andtellsthestoriesintheBible.ItalsotellshowChinesepeopledrinktea,howtheymakeasightseeingtour,seeclouds,identifystones,growflowers,keepbirds,watchthesnow,listentothefallingrain,enjoytheairandthemoon...theimportanceofliving生活的意義Today,IwillsharewhatI’velearnedfromthischapter.theimportanceofliving生活的意義ChapterFive

WHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE?theimportanceofliving生活的意義ChapterFiveWHOCANBESTENJOYLIFE誰最會享受人生Theidealcharacterbestabletoenjoylifeisawarm,carefreeandunafraidsoul.最合于享受人生的理想人物，就是一個熱誠的、悠閑的、無恐懼的人。theimportanceofliving生活的意義

“Philosopher"hasbecomemerelyatermofsocialcompliment.Anyonewhoisabstruseandunintelligibleiscalled"aphilosopher."Anyonewhoisunconcernedwiththepresentisalsocalled"aphilosopher."Andyetthereissometruthinthelattermeaning.

TheonlyproblemunconsciouslyassumedbyallChinesephilosopherstobeofanyimportanceis:howshallweenjoylife,andwhocanbestenjoylife?Noperfectionism（不去追求完美的理想）,nostrainingaftertheunattainable（（不去尋找那勢不可得的事物）,nopostulatingoftheunknowable（不去窮究那些不可得知的東西）;buttakingpoor,mortalhumannatureasitis,howshallweorganizeourlifethatwecanworkpeacefully,endurenobly（曠達地忍耐）andlivehappily?I.FindThyself:Chuangtse

(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己：莊子）theimportanceofliving生活的意義Whoarewe?Thatisthefirstquestion.Itisaquestionalmostimpossibletoanswer.Butweallagreethatthebusyselfoccupiedinourdailyactivitiesisnotquitetherealself.Wearequitesurewehavelostsomethinginthemerepursuitofliving.Soweoftenforgetourtrueselfinthepursuitofliving,likeabirdforgettingitsowndangerinpursuitofamantis,whichagainforgetsitsowndangerinpursuitofanotherprey,asissobeautifullyexpressedinaparable

（美妙的譬喻）byChuangtse.Chuangtsesaidthatwehavelostsomethingandthebusinessofphilosophyistodiscoverandrecoverthatwhichislostinthiscase,“achild’sheart,”accordingtoMencius.“Agreatmanishewhohasnotlosttheheartofachild,”saysthisphilosopher.theimportanceofliving生活的意義II.Passion,WisdomAndCourage:MenciusMenciusenumeratedthethree“maturevirtues”ofhis“greatman”as“wisdom,compassionandcourage.”Ishouldliketolopoffonesyllableandregardasthequalitiesofagreatsoulpassion,wisdomandcourage.AsChangChaosays,"Apassionatenaturealwaysloveswomen,butonewholoveswomenisnotnecessarilyapassionatenature."Andagain,"Passionholdsupthebottomoftheworld,whilegeniuspaintsitsroof."Forunlesswehavepassion,wehavenothingtostartoutinlifewithatall.智情勇：孟子theimportanceofliving生活的意義Wearebornwithagivencoldorwarmnature.anditisonlyinproportionaswelosethatyouthfulheartthatwelosetheinnerwarmthinourselves.Foritseemsthatwhileamanwithpassionandsentimentmaydomanyfoolishandprecipitate（魯莽的）things,butamanwithoutpassionorsentimentisajokeandacaricature（一副諷刺畫）.Sothiswarmgenerosityofsoulhastobeprotectedagainstlifebyaphilosophy,becauselifeisharsh,warmthofsoulisnotenough,andpassionmustbejoinedtowisdomandcourage.Tomewisdomandcouragearethesamething,forcourageisbornofanunderstandingoflife;hewhocompletelyunderstandslifeisalwaysbrave.Anywaythattypeofwisdomwhichdoesnotgiveuscourageisnotworthhavingatall.Wisdomleadstocouragebyexercisingavetoagainstourfoolishambitionsandemancipating（從……解放出來）usfromthefashionablehumbug（騙子）ofthisworld,whetherhumbugofthoughtorhumbugoflife.theimportanceofliving生活的意義III.Cynicism,FollyandCamouflage:Laotse玩世、愚鈍、潛隱：老子theimportanceofliving生活的意義Paradoxically,Laotse‘smostwickedphilosophyof“theoldrogue”（老滑)hasbeenresponsibleforthehighestidealofpeace,tolerance,simplicityandcontentment.Suchteachingsincludethewisdomofthefoolish,theadvantageofcamouflage（隱逸者的長處）,thestrengthofweakness,and.thesimplicityofthetrulysophisticatedThegreatestwisdomseemslikestupidity.Thegreatesteloquencelikestuttering（口吃，結巴）.Movementovercomescold,Butstayingovercomesheat.Sohebyhislimpidcalm

Putseverythingright

underheaven.(清凈為天下正)theimportanceofliving生活的意義LinYutangmadeapoemwhichsumsupthemessageofTaoisticthought:Thereisthewisdomofthefoolish,Thegracefulnessoftheslow,Thesubtletyofstupidity,Theadvantageoflyinglow（隱者）.theimportanceofliving生活的意義IV.PhilosophyofHalf-and-half:

Tsesse

（中庸哲學：子思）

Thosearethebestcynicswhoarehalf-cynics.ThehighesttypeoflifeafterallisthelifeofsweetreasonablenessastaughtbyConfucius'grandson,Tsesse,authorofTheGoldenMean.theimportanceofliving生活的意義Afterallallowancesaremadeforthenecessityofhavingafewsupermeninourmidstexplorers,conquerors,greatinventors,greatpresidents,heroeswhochangethecourseofhistorythehappiestmanisstillthemanofthemiddle-classwhohasearnedaslightmeansofeconomicindependence,whohasdonealittle,butjustalittle,formankind,andwhoisslightlydistinguishedinhiscommunity,butnottoodistinguished.Itisonlyinthismilieu

（背景）ofwell-knownobscurityandfinancialcompetencewithapinch,whenlifeisfairlycarefreeandyetnotaltogethercarefree,thatthehumanspiritishappiestandsucceedsbest.theimportanceofliving生活的意義V.ALoverofLife:TaoYuanming

Taoisthemostperfectlyharmoniousandwell-roundedcharacterintheentireChineseliterarytradition,livedanddied,acarefreeandconscience-free,humblepeasant-poet,andawiseandmerryoldman.theimportanceofliving生活的意義WithTao'sgreatloveoflife,hecouldnothavebeenwillingtoescapefromitaltogether.Hiswifeandchildrenweretoorealforhim,hisgardenandtheboughstretchingacrosshiscourtyardandthelonelypineswhichhefondledwerealtogethertooattractive,andbeingareasonableman,insteadofalogician,hestucktothem.Thatwashisloveoflifeandhisjealousyoverit,anditwasfromthispositive,butreasonable,attitudetowardlifethathearrivedatthefeelingofharmonywithlifewh