丁往道英語寫作手冊

英語基礎寫作

EnglishWriting

WuHaiping(武海平)1精選課件Agametostartwith...

2精選課件Agametostartwith

Titanicisgoingtosink...Thereare8passengers.However,thereareonly7seatsinthelifeboat.3精選課件Thepassengers:1acleaner2adoctor3afarmer4asinger5ateacher6apregnantwoman7apolicewoman8acollegestudent4精選課件5精選課件Part1ManuscriptForm文稿格式Whatisagoodmanuscriptform?writingthetitle寫標題leavingmargins紙邊留空indenting段落開端縮進capitalizing大寫dividingwords詞的移行6精選課件

1Arrangement安排Abouttitles關于題目1)writethetitleinthemiddleofthefirstline.題目應寫在第一行的中間7精選課件Abouttitles關于題目2）capitalizethefirstandlastwordsofthetitleandallotherwords.題目的第一個和最后一個詞應用大寫字母開始。3)(includingwordsfollowinghypensincompoundwords包括復合詞中在連字符后面的詞)8精選課件Abouttitles關于題目4）exceptarticles,coornidatingconjunctions,shortprepositions,andthetoininfinitives.但冠詞、并列連詞、介詞和不定時的to除外5）Noperiodisusedattheendofatitle.題目后不加句號9精選課件Abouttitles關于題目6）useaquestionmarkifthetitleisadirectquestion,butdonotuseoneifthetitleiaanindirctquestion如果題目是疑問句，應加問號：如果是間接引語形式的疑問句，則不加問號10精選課件Abouttitles關于題目7）usequotationmarkswithquotesortitlesofarticles題目中的引用詞語或文章的標題，應加引號。8)underline/italicizenamesofbooks.書名應用斜體或在下面劃線

11精選課件Indentthefirstlineofeveryparagraph,leavingaspaceofabout4or5letters.每段的開頭應縮進，即留出4到5個字母的空白。Part1ManuscriptForm文稿格式

12精選課件Part1ManuscriptForm

文稿格式1Arrangement安排2Capitalization大寫3WordDivision移行4Punctuation標點

5Handwriting書法13精選課件雞肉炒面

Chickenchowmein

視頻\中餐速成.Chinese.Food.Made.Easy雞肉炒面.mp414精選課件15精選課件利伯緹大學公開課：英文寫作

AmericanLibertyUniversity

16精選課件Part2TheSentenceⅠ.CompleteSentencesandSentencesFragments完整句和不完全句17精選課件subject主語predicateverb謂語動詞transitiveverb及物動詞object賓語link-verb系動詞predicative表語complement補語18精選課件attributes定語adverbials狀語19精選課件逗號錯

commafaultTheuseofacommainplaceofaperiod,asemicolon,acolon,oradashinEnglishwritingiscalledthecommafault.中文里可以用逗號將兩個完整的句子分開，英文則不可以。英文里需要用句號，分號、冒號、破折號分開兩個句子，否則就叫“逗號錯”20精選課件P35Ⅱ.TypeofSentences

句子類型

(use)1.Declarative,interrogative,imperative,andexclamatorysentences陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句21精選課件1.declarativesentence陳述句Sheismyfiance.22精選課件2.interrogative疑問句Whoisyourfavouriteauthor?23精選課件3.imperativesentence祈使句Don'ttouchme.24精選課件4.exclamatorysentence感嘆句Howwellyoulook!Whatamess!25精選課件P35Ⅱ.TypeofSentences

句子類型

(structure)2.simple,compound,complex,orcompound-complexsentences簡單句、并列句、復合句或并列復合句26精選課件simplesentence簡單句Ithasonesubjectandonepredicateverb.Toseeistobelieve.27精選課件compoundsentence并列句Itconsistsof2ormoresimplesentencesandlinkedbyand,but,or,etc.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.28精選課件complexsentence復合句Itcontainsonemain(principle)clauseandoneormoredependent(subordinate)clause.29精選課件Whoevercomesiswelcome.Thequestionishowhedidit.IbelievethatIcanfly.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Youareabletogowhereveryoulike.30精選課件compound-complexsentence并列復合句31精選課件ADaytoRemember32精選課件3.loose,periodic,andbalancedsentences松散句、圓周句（掉尾句）或對偶句P37Ⅱ.TypeofSentences

句子類型

(rhetorical修辭的pointofview)33精選課件松散句Aloosesentenceputsthemainideafirst,andletsthereaderknowwhatitismainlyaboutwhenhehasreadthefirstfewwords.34精選課件圓周句Inaperiodicsentence,themainideaisexpressedatorneartheendofit.35精選課件對偶句Whenasentencecontainstwoparallelclausessimilarinstructurebutcontrastedinmeaning,itisabalancedsentence.36精選課件Loosesentencesareeasier,simpler,morenaturalanddirect.37精選課件Periodicsentencesaremorecomplex,formalandliterary.38精選課件Balancedsentencesareimpressive.Theyaremainlyusedinformalwriting,likeexpository說明的andargumentative議論的proseandspeeches.39精選課件40精選課件MyNationalDay41精選課件P41

Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity統(tǒng)一性2.Coherence連貫性3.Conciseness簡潔性4.Emphasis強調性5.Variety多樣性42精選課件P41

1.Unity統(tǒng)一性Aunifiedsentenceexpressesasinglecompletethought.Itdoesnotcontainideasthatarenotcloselyrelated,nordoesitexpressathoughtthatisnotcompletebyitself.43精選課件Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity統(tǒng)一性2.Coherence連貫性3.Conciseness簡潔性4.Emphasis強調性5.Variety多樣性44精選課件2.Coherence連貫性Coherencemeansclearandreasonableconnectionbetweenparts.45精選課件P422.Coherence連貫性1)faultyparallelconstructions平行結構使用有誤2)pronounswithambiguousreference代詞指代不明46精選課件3)dangling(mispalced)modifiers垂懸修飾語（使用不當的修飾語）4)confusingshiftsinpersonandnumberorinvoice,tenseandmood.人稱、數、語氣和語態(tài)上的變動混亂47精選課件Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity統(tǒng)一性2.Coherence連貫性3.Conciseness簡潔性4.Emphasis強調性5.Variety多樣性48精選課件

P46

3.Conciseness簡潔性

Asentenceshouldcontainnounnecessarywords.Iftheideaisfullyexpressed,thefewerwordsareused,thebetter.Wordinessonlyobscurestheidea.49精選課件Ⅲ.EffectiveSentences有效句1.Unity統(tǒng)一性2.Coherence連貫性3.Conciseness簡潔性4.Emphasis強調性5.Variety多樣性50精選課件P49

4.Emphasis強調性Whenthereisanimportantidea,itshouldbeexpressedwithemphasis.51精選課件(1)Emphaticsentences整句強調1.shortsentences短句2.sentencefragments不完整句3.invertedsentences倒裝句4.parallelconstructionsandbalancedsentences平行結構和對稱句5.periodicsentences

圓周句52精選課件6.imperativeandexclamatorysentences祈使句和感嘆句7.Rhetoricalquestions修辭問句或反問句8.negative-positivesentences否定肯定句9.Sentenceswithrepeatedwordsorphrases有重復詞或短語的句子53精選課件(2)Emphasiswithinthesentence句內強調1placing位置2repetition重復3theverbandactivevoice動詞和主動語態(tài)4subordination從屬5emphaticwordsandphrases表示強調的詞或短語6alliteration頭韻54精選課件55精選課件

P63PartFour:TheParagraph段落Aparagraphislikeamini-essay;itshouldbeunified,coherentandwelldeveloped.56精選課件Ⅰ.EffectiveParagraphs有效段落

1.unity統(tǒng)一性Ifallthesentencesinaparagraphleadtoonecentraltheme,theparagraphisunified.Thecentralthemeisusuallysummarizedinwhatiscalledthetopicsentence.57精選課件P6258精選課件P63

59精選課件60精選課件61精選課件62精選課件63精選課件64精選課件P65Ⅰ.EffectiveParagraphs有效段落

2.Coherence連貫性65精選課件66精選課件WaysofDevelopingParagraphs

段落的展開法1.Developmentbytime按時間展開67精選課件2.Developmentbyprocess按過程展開68精選課件3.Developmentbyspace

按空間展開69精選課件4.DevelopmentbyExampleorGeneralization

用舉例和歸納方式展開70精選課件5.DevelopmentbyComparisonandContrast用類比和對比方式展開71精選課件6.DevelopmentbyCauseandEffect

用原因和結果方式展開72精選課件7.DevelopmentbyClassification用分類方式展開73精選課件8.DevelopmentbyDefination用定義方式展開74精選課件75精選課件英語句型