情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣-2021年新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法及題型大全 （含答案）

如何判定情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

一、意義和語氣判斷法

所謂意義判斷法就是分析語境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個情態(tài)動詞的意義和用法

是答題的前提。此外，情態(tài)動詞主要表示說話人的語氣、態(tài)度或情感，所以在解答此類試題時，要從說話

者的角度去考慮問題，結(jié)合具體的語境來分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動詞是否符合說話者的語氣以及

特定的情感需要。

【例I】（浙江卷）George（notgo）toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.

【分析】can,t/couldn,thavegone由下文的Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.可以看出，喬治應(yīng)該是剛離開，不可能

走太遠，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情非常有把握的否定推測，故填carft/couldrfthavegone。

二、時間判斷法

虛擬語氣的考查重點在于判斷句子是對現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來的動作進行虛擬。判斷出時間后再根據(jù)相

應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)或句型確定謂語動詞的形式。

【例2】（天津卷）1wishI（be）atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripin

NewYorkthen.

【分析】hadbeen句意：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的

but可知“我參加了妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時間狀語lastTuesday可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，此

處表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故謂語用“had+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填hadbeen。

三、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣增分攻略

①情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語，需和后面的實義動詞或be動詞構(gòu)成謂語：情態(tài)動詞+do/be；表對過去的猜測

時用“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”。

②情態(tài)動詞后應(yīng)接動詞原形，后接形容詞或名詞時需與系動詞be構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

③注意虛擬語氣be動詞通常用were。

④suggest、order,require、insist等表建議、命令、要求和堅決要求的動作后的賓語從句常用“should+

動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略。

⑤虛擬語氣的考查重點在于判斷句子是對現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來的情況進行的虛擬，判斷出時間后再根據(jù)相

應(yīng)的句型確定謂語動詞的形式。

⑥牢記幾個句式：

①wouldratherthat...did（與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗?haddone（與過去相反）；

②It's（high）timethat...did/shoulddo

③wishthat+...would/coulddo（與將來事實相反）；

wishthat+...did/were（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）;

wishthat+...haddone（與過去事實相反）

考點一情態(tài)動詞的基本用法

一、can和could的用法

1.表示“能力”，意為“能，會”。

（北京卷）Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,caneasilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

（湖北卷）ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIcouldtakeinwhathewassaying.

【名師點津】

was/wereableto表示過去有能力做并且成功做了某事，相當(dāng)于managedtodosth./succeededindoingsth.。

Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.

2.表示推測，意為“可能％用于否定句或疑問句中。can比could語氣強。

Thatcan'tbeMary-sheisinLondonnow.

3.表示理論上的可能性，意為“有時候可能會”，用于肯定句。

（2018?北京卷）Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacancauseseriousproblemsforacompany.

4.表示禮貌地請求，意為“能，可以”。在疑問句中could可代替can,語氣更委婉。

（江蘇卷）-Canyoutellusyourrecipeforhappinessandalonglife?

—Livingeverydaytothefull,definitely.

5.用于固定句式：cannot…too/enough”無論..也不過分；越....越好....

（陜西卷）1can"thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.

二、may和might的用法

1.表示許可和請求，在疑問句中might比may的語氣更委婉。

（北京卷）Might/MayIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.

2.表示推測，意為“可能，或許力通常用于肯定句和否定句中。

（湖南卷）Ifyouforgottoturnitoffwhenyouwentaway,youmightburndownthehouse.

3.用于固定句式：mayaswell+動詞原形，意為“最好;倒不如..

Sinceitisraininghard,youmayaswellstayhere.

三、must的用法

1.表示義務(wù)、必要性等，意為“必須”。其否定式mustift意為“禁止”。

（北京卷）―Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?

一It'sgettinglate.Ireallymustgonow.Mydaughterishomealone.

2.表示猜測、推測，意為“想必，一定,must常用于肯定句中。對現(xiàn)在或未來的事進行猜測時，用mustdo；

對正在進行的事進行猜測時，用mustbedoing；對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進行猜測時，用musthavedone。

（重慶卷）YoumustbeCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.

3.表示偏執(zhí)，固執(zhí)，意為“非得，偏要”。

（遼寧卷）Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.

四、shall的用法

1.用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?/p>

（江西卷）ShallItellBretttocomeoverstraightafterschooltomonow?

2.用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

（遼寧卷）Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformwhileatschool.

五、should的用法

1.表示勸告和建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。

Idon'tthinkyoushouldgiveuptheopportunitytogotouniversitywhichyouhavebeendreamingabout.

2.表示推測、可能性、或預(yù)期，意為“應(yīng)該；可能九

Heshouldbehereontime—hestartedearlyenough.

3.用于表示感情或意志等的that從句中，意為“竟然……；居然……

（2018?江寺;卷）It'sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.

六、will和would的用法

1.表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。

Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.

2.表示習(xí)慣性的動作，意為“總是"，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。

（四川卷）1stillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.

3.表示征求意見或提出請求，多用于第二人稱疑問句中。would比w川語氣委婉。

Will/Wouldyoupleaseletmehavealookatyournewwatch?

七、need的用法

need表示必要性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，needn"表示“不必need作實義動詞時，可用于肯定句、

否定句和疑問句中，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化；其后可接名詞、代詞、帶to的不定式或動名詞作賓語。

（天津卷）Myroomisamess,butIneedn'tcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.!candoitinthemorning.

Sinceyouknowitalready,wedon'tneedtokeepitasecret.

八、dare的用法

dare意為“敢，敢于"，沒有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中，后接動詞原形。

作實義動詞時，在肯定句中通常接帶to的不定式，在疑問句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略。

Howdareyouleaveyourhomewithoutyourparents'permission?

MostpeoplehateHarrybuttheydon'tdaretosayso.

考點二情態(tài)動詞+havedone

musthavedone一定做過某事（肯定句）

can/could過去不可能做過某事（否定句）

對過去的推

havedone過去可能做過某事嗎？（疑問句）

測

may/might過去可能做過某事（肯定句）

havedone過去可能沒有做過某事（否定句）

對過去情況couldhavedone本來能夠做但卻未做

的后悔、遺憾shouldhavedone本來應(yīng)該做但是實際上未做

或責(zé)備shouldn'thavedone本來不應(yīng)該做而實際上做了

needn'thavedone本來沒必要做卻做了

（2019-天津卷）Pauldidagreatjobinthespeechcontest.Hemusthavepractisedmanytimeslastweek.

（福建卷）一Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.

一Oh,it'stoobad.Youshouldhavemadefullpreparations.

考點三if條件句中的虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣主句謂語動詞從句謂語動詞

虛擬現(xiàn)在should/would/could/might+do過去式（be用were）

should/would/could/might+have

虛擬過去had+過去分詞

done

虛擬將來should/would/could/might+do過去式/weretodo/shoulddo

（2018?北京卷）Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.

（北京卷）Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.

【名師點津】

（1）在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞含有had,were,should時，可以把if省略，將had,were,should

提到句首，變成倒裝句。

（江蘇卷）Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.

（江蘇卷）ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknowntheschedule.

（2）如果主句和從句是對不同時間的事實的虛擬，則被稱為錯綜虛擬語氣。此時主句常有明顯的時間狀語，

并且動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

（北京卷）MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.

考點四含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣

有時假設(shè)的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，這

叫含蓄虛擬語氣。常用的這類詞或短語有without（要是）沒有，butfor要不是，otherwise/or否則等。

（2019?天津卷）Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheywouldhaveaccomplishedthetaskinhalf

thetime.

（江蘇卷）ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.

考點五虛擬語氣在從句中的運用

一、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用

1.在表示要求、命令、建議、請求等動詞后接賓語從句，以及這些動詞的名詞后接同位語或表語從句，謂

語動詞用”（should+）動詞原形,常見的此類動詞：一堅持（insist）、二命令（order,command）、三要求（require,

demand,request)s四建議(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)o

(江蘇卷)ShesuggestedthatDale(should)jointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgive

himtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.

Heinsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.、

Mysuggestionwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.

【名師點津】

當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明"，insist作“堅持認(rèn)為”時，從句要用陳述語氣。

Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.

Heinsistedthathehadn'tstolenthemoney.

2.在力tis/was+adj./done+that...”句型中，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should+)動詞原形常見的形容詞或過去

分詞有important,necessary,strange,suggested,ordered,advised,requested,demanded等。

Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.

Itisrequiredthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeatleastonehourexerciseeveryday.

3.wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：

情況從句謂語動詞

與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞一般用were）

與過去事實相反had+過去分詞

與將來事實相反would/could/might+動詞原形

(2018?江蘇卷)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.

IwishIhadtoldhimthewaytothesupermarket.

4.wouldrather所接的賓語從句中，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M；從句謂語動詞

用過去完成時，表示對過去的虛擬。

(陜西卷)Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildany

longer.

二、3個固定句式中的虛擬語氣

句式現(xiàn)在虛擬過去虛擬將來虛擬

ifonly引導(dǎo)的條件句would/could/might+

過去式had+過去分詞

及感嘆句動詞原形

asif/though引導(dǎo)的表

would/could/might+

語從句及方式狀語從過去式had+過去分詞

動詞原形

句

Itis(high)timethat...過去式或should+動詞原形

(2019-天津卷)Mary'sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere.

Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.

Lookatthetroublewearein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher'sadvice!

【名師點津】

當(dāng)asif/though引導(dǎo)的句子所敘述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時，從句要用陳述語氣。

當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練

I.高考真題診斷?單句語法填空

1.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheywould(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.

2.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwewould(have)agoodtimetogether.

3.1(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.

4.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butwouldn'tsaywherehewas.

5.Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn'tbeabletosee

herparentsveryoften.

n.精選典題情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專題對點訓(xùn)練?單句語法填空

6.Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.

7.Ican'tfindmypurse.Imight(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.

8.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.

9.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI(have)asecondchancetobecomemore

involved.

10.Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.

in.精選典題情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專題對點訓(xùn)練?短文語法填空

TomandPeteraretwins.Theylookasifthey26.(be)thesameperson.Boththetwoboysare

smart,butTomishard-workingwhilePeterislazy.TomalwayswinsthefirstplaceintheexamswhilePeter

doesn^.However,peoplebelieveifPeter27.(work)ashardasTom,hewoulddoaswellashisbrotherin

hisstudy.

Athome,theirparentssuggestthatthey28.(finish)theirhomeworkbeforeplayingcomputer

games.ButPeterinsiststhatit29.(be)OKtoplaygamesfirstaslongashecanhandinhis

homeworkintime.Theirmothergivesinintheend.

Oneday,whendoinghishomework,Tomfoundhemadeaseriousmistake.Soheputhisexercisebookaside

andusedanotherone.WhenPeterfoundthepreviousexercisebook,hestruckoutTom'snameandsignedhisname

onitscoverhappily,andhandeditinashisownhomeworkthenextday.Whentheteachertoldthetruthtothetwins'

mother,shewasveryangryandshoutedatPeter,“HowIwishyou30.(be)asdiligentasyourbrother!

Nowit'stimethatI

31.(give)youagoodlesson.Andyou32.playanycomputergamesforamonth!”

“Oh,no!Mom,33.acomputerforsuchalongtime,Iwoulddie.Iwouldrather

you34.(ask)metodothedishesforamonthalone.nPeterwasupset.

“Ifyou35.(finish)yourhomeworkontimeyesterday,youwouldn'tbepunishednow,“saidthe

mother.

課后作業(yè)

1

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

KeystoaGoodFamilyLife

Inpostersandadsweoftenseepicturesofhappyfamilies,butfamilylifeisnotallsmilesandlaughter.All

familiesaredifferentandhaveproblems,butyoucanmakeyourfamilylifebetterwithhardworkand

determination.L

Spendtimetogetherasafamily.Somepeoplearetoobusyforfamilytime.Youhavetosetasidetimexueto

planandspendspecialtimestogether.2^Maketheconversationaroundkethetablepleasantandcaring;maybeask

eachpersonhowtheirdaywasorwhatishappeningwangintheirschoolorworklife.Doinghouseholdchores

togetheralsohelps.

3.Allowmembersofyourfamilytoexpresstheirownfeelingsandideas.Maintaineyecontactanddon't

interruptwhensomeoneistalking.Listencarefullytowhattheyaresaying,beforeyoujudgeordisagree.Hearing

someoneelse,andbeingheardbythatperson,isthefoundationofagoodrelationship.4.Trynottobeangryat

someone'sopinions.Evenifyouthinkthattheyarewrong,listenwithanopenmindtoshowthatyoucare-and

rememberthatnooneisperfect.

Meeteachother'sneeds.Givetimetoeachandeveryoneofyourfamilymembers.Knowwhatisgoingonin

theirlivesandwhattheyneedhelpwith.5.Iftheyneedhelpwithsomething,setasidetimetodoso.Tobeaware

ofyourfamilymembers'emotionalandphysicalneeds,youneedtocommunicate.

A.Listentotheirproblems.

B.Tryapplyingthefollowingsteps.

C.Alloweachpersontobeanindividual.

D.Sothesestepswillhelpyouallgetonwell.

E.Respectyourfamilymembers'feelingsandideas.

F.Everydayitshouldbeeatingatleastonemealtogether.

G.Eachfamilymemberhashisorherownopinionsorsuggestions.

2

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Haveyoueverhadtimesquestioningyourselfandfeelingdiscouraged?Ifyouansweryes,whatyou've

experiencedisnegativeself-talk.6.Yousaytoyourselfuntruethingslike,"I'mnotgoodenough.Fma

disappointment.^^Thesefalsebeliefsstopusinourtracks.So,howdoyoustopthenegativesei仔talk?

?L

Knowyou'respecial.Youare“OneofaKind"！Thereisnootherpersonthatthinksexactlylikeyou.When

youbegintosincerelybelievehowspecialyouare,it'seasiertofightthenegativesei住talk.

?Changeyourassociations

Yournegativeself^talkcomesfromyourenvironment.Youdidn'tjustaccidentallywakeuponedaythinking

ofbadthingsaboutyourself.Itmaybebecausesomeone,somewhereinyourlifehastoldyounegativethingsabout

youandwhetheryouacceptitornot,youbelievethem.However,ifyousurroundyourselfwiththerightpeople,

theywillbuildyouup,inspireyouandmakeyoufeelbetter.8..

?Changeyourdialogue

Readandsayallthewonderfulthingsaboutyourselfatleast5timesperday.Lookatyourselfinthemirror

andsay,“Iamamazing!”幺，andyou'llbelieveyouareawesomeprettysoon.

Ofcourse,thereareotherthingstostopnegativeself-talk.10.,butifyouaredeterminedtothinkpositivelyin

everysituation,thatwillbringapositivechangeinyourlife.

A.Thinkthesameway

B.Changeisnoteasy

C.Changeyourposition

D.Itbeginsinyourbrain

E.Changeyourstateofmind

F.YouUlseekouttherightpeopletohelpchangeyourthoughts

G.You'llstarttobelievethegreatthingstheytellyoulittlebylittle

3

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Communicationroadblocksareverycommon.Theyoccurwhentwopeopletalkinsuchawaythatneitherone

feelsunderstood.lLHowever,thereareseveralwaystohelpindividualsovercomeroadblocks.

Softenthestartup.Oneoftheskillstoovercomecommunicationroadblocksistobeginaconversationby

startingwithsomethingpositive,expressingappreciationandtakingresponsibilityfbrthoughtsandfeelings.12.For

example,"Iwanttostaymoreinvolvedinmakingdecisionsaboutmoney"ratherthan"Youneverincludemein

financialdecisions.H

Makeandreceiverepairattempts.Anotherimportantskillinovercomingcommunicationroadblocksis

learningtomakeandreceiverepairattempts.Theyareeffortstopreventanincreasinglynegativeinteractionfrom

goinganyfurther.13.Thisisimportantbecausewhenconflictsappear,weoftenexperiencestressthatcanaffectour

abilitytothinkandreason,whichcanleadtocommunicationroadblocks.Takingtimeawayfromtheconflictto

calmdowncanhelpusbemorepreparedtodiscusstheissue.

14.Overcomingcommunicationroadblocksrequireseachpartnertotaketurnsbeingthespeakerandthe

listenersothateachhasachancetoexpressthemselveseffectively.Thegoalisnottosolveaparticularproblem,

butrathertohaveasafeandmeaningfuldiscussionandtounderstandeachothefspointofview,whichmayleadto

moreeffectivecommunication.

Dealingwithcommunicationroadblockscantakelargeamountsofmental,emotional,andphysicalenergy.

Butlearningandusingafewsimpleskillscanincreasepositivecommunicationwithothers.15.

A.Useeffectivespeakingandlisteningskills.

B.Dealwithroadblocksincommunicatingwithpartners.

C.Sometimeswecantakeabreakormakeeffortstocalmthesituation.

D.Theyarenotgoodfbreffectivecommunicationandoftendeepentheconflicts.

E.Theopportunitiesforpersonalandrelationshipgrowtharewellworththeeffort.

F.Inaddition,startingthemessageinthefirstpersoncanpromotepositivecommunication.

GRecognizingroadblocksandtryingtocommunicateeffectivelyhelppositiveinteractions.

4

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Eatinghealthyisn'talwayseasy,butcommittingtoahealthydietcanbethesmartestdecisionyouever

make.Why?Notonlycaneatingwellmakeyoulookandfeelbetter,itcanalsosaveyoumoney.j_6.

Productivitycanbeincreased.Likeacar,yourbrainneedsqualityfueltorunefficiently.Asonewill

experienceincreasedfocusshortlyafterimprovingtheirdietwithnutritiousfoodsandsupplements,ahigher

workingproductivityisusuallytheoutcome.

Itbenefitsfinance.Ifyouremployerprovideshealthcoveragediscounts,countyourblessings!Youcansavea

considerableamountofmoneythroughthem.17.Bysimplyswitchingtoahealthierdietanddroppingafew

poundsbeforeyouapplycouldsignificantlyloweryourcosts.

18.Whatyoueathasanimpactonyourbrain,includingthepartsthatregulatemood.Maintainingstableblood

sugarthroughregular,propernutritionwillhelpyoufeelbetteroverallonmostdays.Foodsrichinvitaminsand

minerals,seedsandfreshvegetablesforinstance,areassociatedwithalowerriskofdepression,asarefoodsrichin

omega-3fats.

Youcancontrolyourweightbetter.MorethanhalfoftheAmericansareoverweightorobese,andobesity

contributesto1in5Americandeaths.Simplehealthychoicessuchasreplacingsodawithwater,choosing

vegetablesinsteadofchips,andorderingasidesaladinplaceofFrenchfrieswillnotonlyhelpyouloseweight,it

alsocanhelpyousavemoney.19.

Arelativelylongerlifeisexpected.Thesamediseasesthatmakeyoufeelbadandcostalotofmoneymay

alsodecreaseyourlifeexpectancy.Manystudiesshowahealthierdietrelativelyleadstoalongerlife.

Yourbodyisyourtempleandyouarehousedinit,sotreatitnicelytowholenutrientfoodsthataregoodforit.

20.

A.Abettermoodismadepossible.

B.Itwillpreventyoufromgettingsick.

C.Inreturnyourbodywillserveyoubetter.

D.Thereisnoreasonnottoeatahealthydiet.

E.Hereareseveraltopreasonstoturntoahealthierdiet.

F.Besides,lifeinsurancecostispartlybasedonhowhealthyyouare.

G.Anormal-weightpersoncansavesome$3,000peryearonhealthcare.

5

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Whenstressaffectsyoursleeponanightlybasis,itsetsyouupforaterribleinsomnia（失眠）thatforcesyou

toturntosleepingpills.21.

XTarget（把…作為目標(biāo)）theenemy

“Everynightacoupleofhoursbeforebed,sitdownandmakealistofalltheproblemsyouhavetodealwith,^^

saysDonnaArand,directorofKetteringHospitalSleepDisordersCenter."Nexttoeachitem,writeasolutionor

plan.^^22.Thatway,ifthoughtsofyourproblemsariseasyou'retryingtosleep,youcantellyourself,"I'vegota

planandI'llworkonittomorrow.44

Balanceyourworkandactivities

23.Butajointstudyof314workersfoundthatworkerswithhigherlevelsofenjoyableactivitiessuchas

exercise,hobbies,andsocialactivities,wereablenotonlytocomebackfromworkplacestressbetterthantheir

always-on-the-jobcoworkersbutalsosleepmuchbetterthanothers.

XDealwithless

Fourofthetoptenstressorsweexperiencearerelatedtomoney.24.Andhowshouldwespendit?Giventhat,

doesn'titmakesensethatifwewantlessandaresatisfiedwithless-smallerhouses,andsimplerformsof

transportation-ourstresslevelswillgodown?

XGiveanodtoanap（打盹）

It'sdoublyunfortunatethatstressmakesithardtogettosleepbecause,chemicallyspeaking,theantidote（對

抗手段）tostressissleep.Thereisawaytodealwithit.25.Ifstruethatonenapofupto90minutesbetweenthe

hoursof1:00and4:00P.M.duringtheday,willmakepeopleenergeticagain.

A.That'sbytakinganap.

B.Here'showtostepbackfromthatstate.

C.Nowthereissomeadviceonhowtokeepenergetic.

D.Whenyou4rereadyforbed,putthelistbythebedroomdoor.

E.Itwasreportedrecentlythaton-the-jobstresshasreachedtheworstlevels.

F.Howcanwegetit?

G.Doesstressalwaysinteiruptyou?

6

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeyto

easymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.26.Here,showtomakeone.

?27.Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohave

breakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearabout

yourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.

?Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorning

activities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingout

clothes,shoes,andbags.28.That'saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwitha

timer.

?Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturday

couldsoundwonderful.Butcompensating(補償)ontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowing

week,arecentstudyfound.29.

?Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou've

triedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.30.Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucould

try-

A.Getasleepspecialist.

B.Findthenightmotivation.

C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.

D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.

E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.

F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.

G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.

【答案詳解】

當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練

1.答案：haveaccomplished解析句意:工人們沒有被更好的組織起來，否則他們用一半的時間就能完

成任務(wù)了。根據(jù)空前的“Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized”可知，這是對過去情況的含蓄的虛擬。表示與

過去事實相反的假設(shè)，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于：從句：lf+主語+過去完成時+其他，主句：主語+should(would.

could,might)十現(xiàn)在完成時+其他，設(shè)空前己有would,故填haveaccomplished。

2.答案：havehad解析句意：真遺憾！你錯過了這次觀光，否則，我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過一段愉快時

光的。根據(jù)語境可知該句是對過去事實的虛擬，表與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語

十過去完成時+其他，主句：主語+should(would,could,might)+現(xiàn)在完成時+其他，設(shè)空前已有would,故

填havehado

3.答案：hadhoped解析：根據(jù)but后的“couldn'tmanageit”可知，此處表過去本想做某事而沒做成，應(yīng)

用過去完成時，填hadhoped?intend,mean、hope^want、plan、think等動詞的過去完成時，可表示過去

未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或想法等。

4.答案：would解析：情態(tài)動詞表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。句意：幾天后，我哥

哥打電話說他一切都好，但不愿意說他在哪兒。

5.答案：weretolive解析：考察if條件句中的虛擬語氣，對于將來的虛擬用動詞過

去式/weretodo/shoulddo,此處用were+to+動詞原形。句意:格蕾絲不想搬到紐約，因為她認(rèn)為如果住在

那里，她就不能經(jīng)常看到她的父母了。

6.答案：can解析：句意為“在當(dāng)今信息時代，丟失數(shù)據(jù)有可能給公司帶來嚴(yán)重的問題”。can表客觀

可能性“有時可能”。

7.答案：haveleft解析根據(jù)句中時間狀語yesterday可知，該處是對過去事實的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞

+havedone”,設(shè)空前已有might,故填haveleft。

8.答案：haddriven解析：句意為“如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會找到一個更好的旅館”。

由主句謂語“mighthavefound”可知，if從句是對過去事實的假設(shè)，從句謂語用過去完成時，故填haddriven。

9.答案：had解析：句意為“在這個村里有很好的社交生活，我希望我能再有機會去更多地參與"。wish

后為賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時，故填had。

10.答案：hadcaught解析句意為“如果我們昨天趕上了航班，現(xiàn)在我們就應(yīng)該在沙灘上享受假期了”。

根據(jù)句中的yesterday和wouldbeenjoying可知，從句是對過去事實的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用過去完成時，填hadcaught?

【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。湯姆和彼得是雙胞胎兄弟，他們雖然長得很像但在學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度上卻迥然不同。

26.答案：were解析：此處應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，主句謂語動詞look與asif從句謂語動詞be沒有先后順序,

故設(shè)空處用were.

27.答案：worked解析：句意：人們認(rèn)為如果彼得像湯姆那樣努力學(xué)習(xí)，在學(xué)習(xí)上他會和湯姆一樣好。

根據(jù)句意可知if從句為表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為worked.

28.答案：(should)finish解析：suggest作“建議”講，后面賓語從句的謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”,

其中should可以省略。

29.答案：is解析：本句中的insist意為“堅持認(rèn)為”，故用陳述語氣。當(dāng)insist作“堅決要求”講時才用

虛擬語氣，即其賓語從句的謂語動詞為“should+動詞原形"，sh