2011高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件名詞和冠詞

2011CollegeEntranceExaminationEnglishSecondRThetypesandfunctionsofnounsThetypesandfunctionsofarticlesSpecialusageofnounsandarticlesMistakeproneknowledgepointsofnounsandarticlescontents目錄Thetypesandfunctionsofnouns01Properterminology01Propernouns:namesofspecificindividuals,organizations,events,etc.02Propernounsarealwayscapitalized.Example:"John","Apple","WorldCup"03010203Commonnounsareusedtorefertoaclassofthingsorpeople.Theyarenotcapitalizedunlesstheyarethefirstwordofasentenceoratitle.Example:"car","dog","teacher"CommonnounAbstractnounsareusedtodescribeideas,qualities,emotions,etc.thatarenotphysical.Example:"happiness","love","knowledge"AbstractnounMaterialnounsareusedtodescribethingsthathavephysicalform.Example:"stone","wood","metal"MaterialnounThetypesandfunctionsofarticles02TypesThedefinitearticle"the"isusedtorefertoaspecificperson,place,thing,orideathathasbeenpreviouslymentionedoriswell-known.FunctionsThedefinitearticle"the"hasseveralfunctions,includingindicatingaspecificinstanceofathing,emphasizingaparticularperson,place,orthing,andprovidingclaritywhenreferringtoabstractideasorgeneralizations.Thedefinitearticle"the"VSTheindefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedtointroduceanewperson,place,thing,orideathathasnotbeenpreviouslymentioned.FunctionsTheindefinitearticles"a"and"an"servetointroduceageneralcategoryofthingsorideas,emphasizetheuniquenessorindividualityofaperson,place,orthing,andprovideclaritywhenreferringtoabstractideasorgeneralizations.TypesIndefinitearticle"a"or"an"TypesZeroarticlereferstotheabsenceofthedefinitearticle"the"andtheindefinitearticles"a"or"an"whenreferringtoaperson,place,thing,oridea.要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二FunctionsZeroarticleisusedincertaincaseswherethecontextisclearandthereisnoneedtospecifywhethertheperson,place,thing,orideaisspecificorgeneral.Forexample,inthesentence"Ilikereadingbooks,"thereisnoneedtospecifywhetheritisaspecificbookorageneralcategoryofbooks.zeroarticleSpecialusageofnounsandarticles03抽象名詞的具體化抽象名詞通常表示概念或情感，但在某些語境中，它們可以被具體化為有形的事物。例如，“success”通常是一個抽象名詞，表示“成功”，但在句子“Shewearsabadgeofsuccessaroundherneck.”中，“success”被具體化為一個徽章。集合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有些集合名詞，如“audience”、“family”，在表示整體時是單數(shù)，但當(dāng)表示個體成員時則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如，“Theaudienceis/areveryresponsive.”物質(zhì)名詞的量化物質(zhì)名詞通常不使用量化詞，如“much”、“many”，但在某些情況下可以用量化詞表示數(shù)量。例如，“Howmuchwateristhereintheglass?”SpecialUsesofNouns零冠詞在一些固定短語或習(xí)慣用法中，冠詞可能會被省略，如“gotobed”、“inthemorning”。冠詞與否定詞在否定句中，冠詞可能會與否定詞連用，如“Idon'tlikethecolorofthecar.”中的“the”。冠詞與最高級在形容詞最高級前通常需要加定冠詞“the”，如“ThemostbeautifulcaristheBentley.”Specialusageofarticles030201Mistakeproneknowledgepointsofnounsandarticles04名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的常見錯誤學(xué)生在使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)時常常會出現(xiàn)形式錯誤，如忘記添加“-s”或“-es”，或者在不應(yīng)該變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的名詞后面加上了復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThePluralFormNounsOmissionofarticles遺漏冠詞的常見錯誤在句子中，學(xué)生常常忘記使用冠詞，如“a”、“an”或“the”。這可能是因?yàn)閷谠~的用法不熟悉或者對句子語