云南省昆明市2016中考英語第二部分語法專題課件

(NewCurriculumStandard)2016MiddleSchoolEngliClassificationofNounsThenumberofnounsThepossessivecaseofnounsTheUsageofArticlesTheUsageofPronounsThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivesandadverbsClassificationofNouns01Anounthatisusedtodescribeapersonorthingthathasaspecialabilityorquality.DoperNounAnounthatisusedtodescribeaperson,place,thing,orideaingeneral.CommonNounDoperNounandCommonNounAnounthatcanbecountedandhasapluralform.Anounthatcannotbecountedanddoesnothaveapluralform.CountableanduncountablenounsUncountableNounCountableNounAbstractNounAnounthatreferstoanidea,quality,orconceptthatcannotbeseenortouched.ConcreteNounAnounthatreferstoaphysicalobjectorpersonthatcanbeseenortouched.AbstractnounsandconcretenounsThenumberofnouns02Countablenounscanbesingularorplural,andtheyareusedtorefertoindividualitemsthatcanbecounted.Countablenounshavebothsingularandpluralforms,andtheformuseddependsonthecontextandthenumberofitemsbeingreferredto.Countablenounscanbemodifiedbyadjectives,andtheycanbethesubjectorobjectofaverb.ThenumberofcountablenounsUncountablenounsareusedtorefertosubstances,concepts,orqualitiesthatcannotbecountedordividedintoindividualitems.Uncountablenounsarenotusuallymodifiedbyadjectives,andtheycannotbethesubjectorobjectofaverb.Somecountablenounscanalsobeusedasuncountablenouns,suchas"bread"and"milk".ThenumberofuncountablenounsThesearespecificnamesofpeople,places,orthings,suchas"John"or"China".Propernounsarealwayswrittenwithcapitalletters.PropernounsThesearenounsthatrefertogroupsofpeopleorthings,suchas"family"or"team".Collectivenounscanbesingularorplural,dependingonthecontext.CollectivenounsSpecialformsofnounsThepossessivecaseofnouns03

TheConstructionofNounPossessiveCaseThepossessivecaseofnounsisformedbyadding'stotheendofthenoun.Forpluralnouns,thepossessivecaseisformedbyadding'stothepluralformofthenoun.Forcompoundnouns,thepossessivecaseisformedbyadding'stothelastnouninthecompound.Thepossessivecaseisusedtoshowpossessionorownership.Itisusedwhenreferringtosomeone'spossession,suchasaperson'scar,house,orpet.Itisalsousedwhenreferringtopossessioninageneralsense,suchas"thecompany'sheadquarters"or"thegovernment'spolicies."Theusageofpossessivecaseofnouns單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的提一一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九一二三四五六七八九文，單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的良好效果單擊此4*25}Thedoublegenitiveconstructionisalsousedtoshowarelationshipbetweentwothings,suchas"theteacher'sbook"or"thecompany'sproducts."Itisformedbyusingboththepossessivecaseandthegenitivecasetogether,suchas"mybrother'scar"or"thecompany'sfinancialstatements."doublegenitiveTheUsageofArticles04輸入標題02010403TheusageofindefinitearticlesIndefinitearticlesareusedtorefertoaperson,place,thing,quality,quantity,orideawithoutspecifyingaparticularone.Indefinitearticlesarealsousedwithsomecollectivenounstoshowthatthegroupisnotaspecificone.Indefinitearticlesareusedwithabstractnounstoshowthatthenounisnotaconcreteobject.Whenthecontextisclear,indefinitearticlescanbeomitted.Thedefinitearticle"the"isusedtorefertoaspecificperson,place,thing,quality,quantity,orideathathasbeenmentionedoriswell-known.Thedefinitearticleisalsousedwithsomecollectivenounstoshowthatthegroupisaspecificone.Thedefinitearticleisusedwithpropernounstoshowthattheperson,place,orthingisuniqueorwell-known.Thedefinitearticlecanalsobeusedwithabstractnounstoshowthatthenounisaspecificinstanceoftheconcept.thedefinitearticleZeroarticleisalsousedwithsomeabstractnounsthatdonotneedarticleswhenreferringtoanideaorqualityingeneral.Zeroarticleisusedwhennoarticleisrequiredorappropriate.Zeroarticleisusedwithsomecollectivenounsthatdonotneedarticleswhenreferringtoagroupasawhole.TheUsageofZeroArticleTheUsageofPronouns05Subjectivepersonalpronouns:I,you,he,she,it,we,they.Theseareusedasthesubjectofaverb.Objectivepersonalpronouns:me,you,him,her,it,us,them.Theseareusedastheobjectofaverborpreposition.Personalpronounsareusedtorefertospecificpeopleorthings.Theycanbeeithersubjectiveorobjective.TheUsageofPersonalPronounsPossessivepronounsareusedtoshowpossessionorownership.Theyareusedinplaceofapossessiveadjectiveandthenounitmodifies.My,your,his,her,its,our,their.TheusageofpossessivepronounsReflexivepronounsareusedwhenthesubjectandobjectarethesame.Theyareusedwithverbsthatexpressactionsthataredonetooneself.Myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,themselves.TheusageofreflexivepronounsDemonstrativepronounsareusedtopointoutspecificthingsorpeople.Theyaresimilartodemonstrativeadjectives.This,that,these,those.TheusageofdemonstrativepronounsIndefinitepronounsareusedtorefertopeopleorthingswithoutspecifyingthem.Theyareusedwhentheidentityorquantityisunknownordoesnotmatter.Somebody,someone,anything,anyone,everything,everybody,someone,something.TheusageofindefinitepronounsThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivesandadverbs06Comparativeadjectivesandadverbsareusedtocomparetwopeople,thingsorsituationsofthesamekind.Thecomparativeformofanadjectiveisusuallyformedbyadding"-er"totheendoftheadjective,whilethecomparativeformofanadverbisusuallyformedbyadding"-er"totheendoftheadverb.Example:"fast"(adjective)becomes"faster"(comparativeadjective),and"quickly"(adverb)becomes"morequickly"(comparativeadverb).Basicusageofcomparativelevel01Superlativeadjectivesandadverbsareusedtocomparemorethantwopeople,thingsorsituationsofthesamekind.02Thesuperlativeformofanadjectiveisusuallyformedbyadding"-est"totheendoftheadjective,whilethesuperlativeformofanadverbisusuallyformedbyadding"-est"totheendoftheadverb.03Example:"fast"(adjective)becomes"fastest"(superlativeadjective)