Unit1WishYouwereHereExtendedreadingProjectFurtherstudy重點詞匯學案-高中英語譯林版（2020）選擇性

SectionⅢExtendedreading&Project&Furtherstudy重點詞匯梳理1.expandvt.&vi.增加，擴大；擴展，發(fā)展(業(yè)務)；詳談，詳述(1)expandto 擴展到……expandintosth. 擴展成……expandonsth. 進一步闡述，詳談，充分敘述(2)expansionn.(尺寸、范圍、數(shù)量等的)擴大；增加；(公司、企業(yè)等的)擴張；詳述；展開；擴充?Intenyearsthecity'spopulationhasexpandedby12%.十年之中，該市人口增加了12%。?AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.隨著知識不斷拓展、詞匯不斷豐富，海倫問的問題越來越多。?We'veexpandedthebusinessbyopeningtwomorestores.我們增開了兩家商店以擴展業(yè)務。?Allthedetailsareinthebook，andIneednotexpandonit.情節(jié)都在書上呢，我無須詳述。?Heatcausestheexpansionofgases.熱使氣體膨脹。?Thisbookisanexpansionoftheplayhewrotebefore.這本書是他以前寫的劇本的擴充。詞語辨析：expand與spread(1)expand指擴大面積或體積，也指把合攏的東西放開(即三維)Thiscountyhasexpandeditsareaundercultivationbymorethan50，000mu.該縣增加了50000多畝耕地。(2)spread指向四面八方擴大范圍。Firespreadrapidlyafterachemicaltruckexploded.一輛裝有化學品的卡車爆炸后火勢迅速蔓延開來。即學即練單句語法填空①Thesocietyexpanded____________aworldwideorganization.②Thetownhasnowexpanded____________twiceitsoriginalsize.③Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,____________(expand)theirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.④Inhislecturetheteacherexpanded____________theusesoftheEnglishsubjunctivemood.⑤Thefuture____________(expand)ofthebusinesscallsfortwonewfactories.2.multipleadj.數(shù)量多的，多樣的(1)multipleformats 多種格式multiplechallenges 多重挑戰(zhàn)multiplemodels 多型號multiplechoicequestions 多項選擇題(2)multiplyvi.&vt. 乘，增加multiply...by 以……乘multiplyfivebythree 三乘以五?Thechildrenshouldbetrainedtohavemultipleinterests.應該培養(yǎng)孩子們有多方面的興趣。?Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.在一個溫度上升了3攝氏度的世界里，它(模型)發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋的顏色會發(fā)生多重變化。?Whatdoyougetifyoumultiplysixbynine？6乘以9等于多少？聯(lián)想拓展：“加減乘除”表示法：addv．加；增加plusprep.加(上)subtractv．減；減去minusprep.減(去)timesprep.乘以dividev．除；(使)相除2＋2＝4Twoplus/addedtotwoisfour.4－2＝2Fourminustwoistwo.Twosubtractedfromfouristwo.2×2＝4Twotimes/multipliedbytwoisfour.4÷2＝2Fourdividedbytwoistwo.即學即練完成句子①Thegovernmentperformedpetentlyinthefaceof______________________________(多重挑戰(zhàn)).②Thisdigitalaudioplayersupports________________________(多種格式).③The________________________(多項選擇題)mustbeansweredwithinastricttimelimit.3.plainadj.樸素的，簡單的；清楚的n．平原(1)beplainwithsb. 對某人直言不諱beplainaboutsth. 對某事直言不諱Itisquiteplainthat... ……是很明顯的(2)plainlyadv. 樸素地；清晰地，明顯地；直截了當?shù)?Iwillbeplainwithyouandtellyouthetruth.我跟你開門見山地說實話。?It'squiteplainthatyouhaven'tbeenpayingattention.你顯然一直都沒好好地留意。?Theystilllikesimplefoodandplainclothesthoughtheyaremuchbetteroffnow.盡管現(xiàn)在富裕多了，他們還是喜歡吃簡單的食物、穿樸素的衣服。?Theaircraftwasabletoflyovertheendlesswhiteplainswithoutdifficulty.飛機可以毫無困難地飛過這片茫茫無際的白色平原。?Youareplainlyunwillingtocooperate.你顯然不愿合作。?Saywhatyouhavetosayplainly.Don'tgoallroundthecircletogethere.你該說的就直說吧，不用轉彎抹角。聯(lián)想拓展：inplainEnglish/language用簡單的英語/語言aplainwhiteblouse一件樸素的白襯衫aplainwoodentable一張樸素的木桌aplaingoldweddingring一枚式樣簡單的黃金婚戒aplainandtruthfulanswer坦率而真實的回答即學即練單句語法填空/寫出句中plain的詞性及詞義①Hewasquiteplain____________hisfeelingonthematter.②I'llbeplain____________you.Idon'tliketheidea.③Howcouldyounotnoticethatgirl?Shewas____________plainsightallnight.④Shewas____________(plain)dressedandworenomakeup.⑤Alittlemountainstreamisdashingdowntotheplain.____________⑥Themeaningofthesentenceisquiteplain.____________⑦Theexcuseforme,however,wasnotyouthbutplainstupidity.____________4.appropriateadj.合適的，恰當?shù)?1)appropriatetime/place 合適的時間/地點beappropriatefor/tosth. 適合……Itisappropiatetodosth. 做某事是合適的Itisappropriatethat... 是恰當?shù)?2)appropriatelyadv. 恰當?shù)?，合適地inappropriateadj. 不適當?shù)模缓线m的inappropriatebehaviour/language不恰當?shù)匦袨?語言?Idon'tfeelthatthisisanappropriatetimetomentionthesubject.我覺得這個時候不適合提這個話題。?Jeansarenotappropriateforaformalpartylikethis.在像這樣的正式聚會上穿牛仔褲是不合適的。?Itisnotappropriatetoasksuchpersonalquestionsinaninterview.在采訪中問這樣的私人問題是不合適的。?Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhowhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.作為一名新的外交官，他經(jīng)常思考怎樣才能在這種場合中作出更恰當?shù)姆磻?。詞語辨析：appropriate,suitable與fit的用法區(qū)別appropriate：指時間、場合、地位等適合。Youwillbeinformedofthedetailsattheappropriatetime.在適當?shù)臅r候會把詳情告訴你suitable：指適合某種情況或某一日的。Wouldnowbeasuitablemomenttohavearest？現(xiàn)在適合休息嗎？fit：指大小適合或勝任某職位。I'mafraidthatLucyisnotfitforthisjob.恐怕露西不適合這份工作。即學即練單句語法填空①Trytodress____________(appropriate)foreachoccasion.②Askyourdoctorwhetherthesetreatmentsareappropriate____________you.③Itisoftenappropriate____________(use)thelocaldialecttomunicateyourmessage.④____________isentirelyappropriatethathismusicshouldbeplayedatthisfestival.5.estimatevt.估計，估價n．估計；估計的成本(1)Itisestimated(that)... 據(jù)估計，……beestimatedtobe/have/coststh. 被估計為/有/價值……estimatesth.at... 估計某物為……(2)aroughestimate 粗略的估計?Itisestimated(that)theprojectwilllastfouryears.據(jù)估計，這項工程將持續(xù)四年。?Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.這棵樹估計至少有700年樹齡。?Theyestimatethecostat800yuan.他們估計費用為800元。語境助記：Theuniversityestimatesthecostoflivingforinternationalstudentsatabout$8450ayear.據(jù)該大學估計，國際學生每年的生活費約為8450英鎊。即學即練單句語法填空①Iknowhimwellenoughtoform____________estimateofhisabilities.②Thecostofbuildingrailways____________(estimate)at.③Itisestimated____________upto60%ofthelocalpopulationisbeingreachedthroughtheseradiobroadcasts.④Thepoliceestimatedthenumberoftourists____________about20，000.6.consumevt.吃，喝，飲；消耗，耗費(尤指燃料、能量或時間)(1)consumetime 消耗時間consumeallthehamburgers 吃光所有的漢堡consumethewholecity 吞噬整個城市(2)consumern. [C]消費者，顧客，用戶consumptionn. [U]消費；消耗量?Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子們很快便把桌子上的所有食物吃光了。?Alcoholcandoharmtotheliverifconsumedinlargequantities.如果大量飲酒，那會對肝臟造成傷害。?Wehavetoreplacetheseoldlampswiththenewenergyefficientones,becausetheyconsumetoomuchelectricity.我們必須把這些舊燈換成新的節(jié)能燈，因為它們太耗電。?Carsthatconsumelessfuelareparticularlypopularwithyoungpeople.耗油量較低的汽車在年輕有中尤其受歡迎。語境助記：TheelectricityconsumptionissogreatinourcitythatIstronglysuggestallusconsumersshouldneverleaveourlightsonwhenwegoout.我們城市的用電量如此之大，我強烈建議我們所有的用戶出門時千萬不要忘記關燈。即學即練判斷下列句子中consume的含義/用consume的適當形式填空①Ourhighlivingstandardscauseourpresentpopulationtoconsume25percentoftheworld'soil.____________②Accordingtoasurvey，40gramsofmeatperdayiswhatpeopleshouldconsumeinordertostayfit.____________③Phonecarriersand____________needtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandmunicatingwhatisreal.④Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain(消耗)—____________ofenergy—onthebody.7.essentialadj.必不可少的，極其重要的；本質(zhì)的，基本的n．必需品；要點，要素(1)beessentialfor/to... 對……來說是極為重要的Itisessential(forsb.)todosth. (對某人來說)做某事是完全必要的。Itisessentialthat...……是必要/至關重要的。(that從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should＋動詞原形”的形式，should可省略)(2)essentiallyadv. 本質(zhì)上，根本上?Advancedtechnologyisessentialtotheadvanceofsociety.先進的技術對社會的進步是極為重要的。?It'sessentialforhighandnewtechenterprisestostrengthenpetitivepower.增強競爭力對高新技術企業(yè)來說是極其重要的。?Itisessentialthatyourdiet(should)bevariedandbalanced.你的飲食要多樣化且均衡，這至關重要。?TheessentialdifferencebetweenSaraandmeisthefactthatItakelifeseriously.我與薩拉的根本區(qū)別在于我是認真對待生活的這一事實。特別提示：句式“Itis＋adj.＋that...”中的形容詞是essential，important,necessary，natural等時，從句應使用虛擬語氣，即從句中謂語應使用“(should＋)動詞原形”的形式。Itisessentialthatyou(should)ehomeearly.你有必要早點回家。Itisimportantthathe(should)attendtheconferenceneXtweek.重要的是他應該參加下周的會議。Itisnecessarythathe(should)readEnglishaloudeveryday.他每天大聲讀英語是很有必要的。即學即練單句語法填空①Thepossessionofapassportisessential____________foreigntravels.②Itisessentialthathe____________(send)thereatonce.③Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itis____________essentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbee.④Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthatit'sessential____________(wear)asurgicalmasktocontrolthespreadofCOVID19.8.takeoff拿下，脫下；起飛；突然成功takeon 承擔；呈現(xiàn)；雇用takeup 拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)(時間，地方)takedown 記下；拿下takein 吸收；領會；欺騙takeover 接管；接收takeapart 拆開takeback 拿回；撤銷?Hecameinandtookoffhiscoat.他走了進來，脫掉大衣。?Theplanetookoffdespitethefog.盡管有霧，飛機仍照常起飛。?In1944,hiscareertookoff.1944年，他的事業(yè)飛黃騰達。?Someinsectstakeonthecolouroftheirsurroundingtoprotectthemselves.有些昆蟲會呈現(xiàn)出周圍環(huán)境的顏色以保護自己。?Shetookupapenandwrotedownhernameandaddress.她拿起鋼筆寫下了她的名字和地址。?Aferhegraduated，hetookupthestudyofspace.他畢業(yè)后就開始從事太空研究。?Writingthepapertookupmostofmyweekend.寫論文占去了我周末的大部分時間。?Theplantshavetakeninabundantnutritionfromundertheground.這些植物從地下吸收了豐富的營養(yǎng)。?Whentakinginthemeaningofanewword,you'dbettermarkitout.理解新單詞的意思時，你最好標注一下。⑩ApparentlyshetookTominpletelywithherstory.顯然，她的一番花言巧語完全把湯姆蒙騙住了。?JohnwilltakeoverasgeneralmanagerwhenMitchellretires.米切爾退休后，約翰將接任總經(jīng)理一職。?Youcannottakeoverthestoreunlessyoudepositinadvance.你只有先交訂金才能接手這個商鋪。語境助記：ItookoffmyTshirtanddivedintothewater.我脫下T恤衫，潛入水中。語境助記：IfIbuysomethingandhedoesn'tlikeit,I'lltakeitback．如果我買了什么東西，他不喜歡，我就退掉它。即學即練單句語法填空①Hetook____________thetelephonereceiverandbegantodial.②Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetaken____________thankstothefortableclimateforbusinesscreation.③He'sspokentoapublishingpany.They'regoingtotakehim____________．④ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersontotake____________thejob.⑤Theaccidenthappenedasthejetwasabouttotake____________．⑥Hetook____________adictionaryfromthetopshelf.⑦Shereadafewpoems，butdidnottakethem____________．⑧Mylittlesonlikestotake____________histoycars.9.appetiten．食欲，胃口；強烈欲望；愛好，嗜好haveagood/poor/noappetite 胃口好/胃口不好/沒有胃口developeanappetitefor... 對……提起胃口ruinone'sappetite 破壞某人的食欲loseone'sappetite 某人失去胃口haveanappetitefor 喜歡，愛好havenoappetitefor 對……沒有興趣?Exercisegivesheragoodappetite.運動使她胃口大開。?MrBlackhasdevelopedanappetiteforChinesefood.布萊克先生喜歡上了吃中國食物。?Thesmellruinedmyappetite，andIpushedthedishaway.那氣味破壞了我的食欲，我把菜推開了。?Hehasanappetiteforclassicalmusic.他很喜歡古典音樂。?Atthemomentshehadnoappetiteforgossip.此刻她對流言蜚語沒有興趣。聯(lián)想拓展：appetite→appetizingadj.開胃的；促進食欲的→appetisingadj.促進食欲的；美味可口的；開胃的，誘人的→appetitiveadj.食欲的；有食欲的；開胃的即學即練單句語法填空①Hehas____________appetiteforwriting.②Allkindsofmagazinesandresearchpapersareputoutwiththeaimofsatisfyingreaders'appetite____________specificknowledge.10.emphasisn．(pl.emphases)強調(diào)，重視；重讀(1)lay/put/placeemphasison... 強調(diào)/重視……giveemphasisto 強調(diào)，著重(2)emphasizevt. 強調(diào)；著重；使突出emphasizetheimportanceofsth. 強調(diào)某事的重要性emphasizesth.tosb. 向某人強調(diào)某事?Schoolshereput/place/laygreatemphasisonreadingandwriting.這里的學校非常重視閱讀和寫作。?Thegovernmentgavemuchemphasistotheproblemoftrafficjams.政府非常重視交通堵塞問題。?WecannotemphasizetoomuchtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.我們再怎樣強調(diào)學英語的重要性也不為過。?Heonlyemphasizedhisownintereststousattheconference.他在會上只向我們強調(diào)了他自己的利益。聯(lián)想拓展：stress/highlightvt.強調(diào)；著重；使突出Inthepastwestressedaid，whilenowwestresseconomiccooperation.我們過去側重(提供)援助，而現(xiàn)在強調(diào)經(jīng)濟合作。Itshouldhighlightwhatyoucanofferthepany,suchasaspecificskillorexperience.它應該重點突出你能為公司貢獻什么，比如一項特殊的技能或(工作)經(jīng)驗。即學即練單句語法填空①OurEnglishcourseplacesgreatemphasis____________conversationalskills.②Wecannot____________(emphasis)theimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmenttoomuchbecausewehaveonlyoneEarth.11.edgen．邊，邊緣；刀口onedge 緊張不安；急切ontheedgeof... 在……的邊緣；瀕于；快要；將近attheedgeof... 在……的邊緣?Shewasalwaysonedgebeforeaninterview.她在面試前總是緊張不安。?Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththatgivesofflightinthedark.在夾克的邊緣，有一塊布在黑暗中發(fā)光。?Weallknowthatthepandaisaspeciesthatisontheedgeofextinction.我們都知道熊貓是一種瀕臨滅絕的物種。?Attheedgeofthedesert,hecameacrossadesertedchurch.在沙漠的邊緣地帶，他碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座被遺棄的教堂。特別提示：attheedgeof和ontheedgeof表示“在……的邊緣”時，一般可以互換使用。但是attheedgeof強調(diào)所處的位置是一個點，而ontheedgeof強調(diào)所處的位置是一條線或一個平面，并且還有“瀕于；快要，將近”的抽象含義。Heisstandingattheedgeofthecliff．他站在懸崖的邊上。(強調(diào)在某一地點)Thereisaknifeontheedgeofthetable．桌邊有把刀。(強調(diào)在某一平面上)即學即練完成句子①Thehotelissituated________________(在……邊緣)thetown.②Th