北京交通大學(xué)語(yǔ)言與傳播學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2011年北京交通大學(xué)語(yǔ)言與傳播學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年北京交通大學(xué)語(yǔ)言與傳播學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年北京交通大學(xué)語(yǔ)言與傳播學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年北京交通大學(xué)語(yǔ)言與傳播學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解PartI.Vocabularyand,Grammar(30points)SectionAMultipleChoice(20points).Directions:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.1．Theperformanceofthismachinecallsformuch________.A.technologyB.scienceC.techniqueD.technicality【答案】C【解析】句意：這臺(tái)機(jī)器的性能操作需要很多技巧。technique技巧；手法。technology科技。science科學(xué)；技術(shù)。technicality學(xué)術(shù)性；專(zhuān)門(mén)性。2．Hisstrangebehaviorarousedthe________ofthepolice.A.suspicionB.doubtC.disbeliefD.incredibility【答案】A【解析】句意：他的奇怪的行為引起了警察的懷疑。suspicion懷疑；疑

心；指對(duì)某人做某事的目的、意圖有懷疑。doubt對(duì)事物的真、假有懷疑。disbelief懷疑；不相信。incredibility不能相信；不可信的事物。3．Althoughonlyof________intelligence,hespeaksfourlanguagesfluently.A.middleB.minorC.averageD.slow【答案】C【解析】句意：雖然只有平均的智力水平，但他能流利地說(shuō)四門(mén)語(yǔ)言。average平均的；普通的。middle（位置）中間的。minor次要的；較小的。slow緩慢的。4．Thehouseisinperfectcondition,________afewscratchesononeofthedoors.A.exceptB.exceptforC.withoutD.but【答案】B【解析】句意：這所房子的情況很好，除了在一扇門(mén)上有幾處刮痕。expect用于不同類(lèi)之間，表示從整體排除一部分；expect用于同類(lèi)之間排除。5．HewenttoAustraliahopingtofindateaching________withouttoomuchdifficulty.

A.workB.careerC.postD.employment【答案】C【解析】句意：他去了澳大利亞，希望不難找到一份教學(xué)工作。post崗位；職位。work工作；不可數(shù)名詞。career指經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練，終身愿意從事的職業(yè)。employment指受雇于他人，領(lǐng)取工資以謀生計(jì)，有較固定工作的職業(yè)。這里指的是“教學(xué)崗位”，所以應(yīng)選post。6．Britainwasaboutto________diplomaticrelationswithLibya.A.breakoutB.breakintoC.breakoffD.breakthrough【答案】C【解析】句意：英國(guó)準(zhǔn)備和利比亞斷絕外交關(guān)系。breakoff斷絕(關(guān)系)；斷交。breakout爆發(fā)。breakinto闖入。breakthrough突破；突圍。7．Peoplearealways________himwithhistwinbrother.A.mistakingB.puzzlingC.bewilderingD.confusing

【答案】D【解析】句意：人們經(jīng)常把他和他的雙胞胎兄弟搞混。confuse…with…把……和……搞混。mistake常與for搭配，表示“把……誤認(rèn)為”。puzzle使困惑。bewilder使迷惑；使不知所措。8．Whentherewasashort_______,Iaskedifanyonewouldlikeanythingtodrink.A.blankB.spaceC.pauseD.wait【答案】C【解析】句意：當(dāng)會(huì)話(huà)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)短暫的停頓時(shí)，我問(wèn)大家有沒(méi)有人要喝點(diǎn)什么。pause表示“短暫的停頓時(shí)間”、“間歇”、“(說(shuō)話(huà)中的)停頓”、“猶豫”等。blank表示“(紙、表格等的)空白處”、“(記憶等的)空白”、“無(wú)重大事件的時(shí)期”等。space表示“空間”、“空地”、“期間”、“(詞與詞之間的)空白”、“篇幅”等。wait表示“等待”。9．Analmost______lineoftrafficwasmovingatasnail’spacethroughthetown.A.constantB.solidC.continuousD.continual【答案】C【解析】句意：幾乎連綿不斷的一串車(chē)輛在以蝸牛般緩慢的速度穿過(guò)市

中心。continuous意為“連續(xù)不斷的，接連的”；constant意為“不斷的；連續(xù)發(fā)生的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的永恒性；solid意為“堅(jiān)固的，牢靠的”；continual意為“從不間斷的”。10．Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversityofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor_______.A.explicatedB.complicatedC.duplicatedD.implicated【答案】C【解析】句意：別的機(jī)構(gòu)的成績(jī)記錄往往變成了大學(xué)的官方檔案,既沒(méi)有返還給學(xué)生，也不能讓學(xué)生復(fù)制。duplicate復(fù)制；重復(fù)。explicate說(shuō)明，解釋。complicate使復(fù)雜化；使惡化。implicate涉及；暗指。11．Todayhouseholdchoreshavebeenmademucheasierbyelectrical______.A.facilitiesB.equipmentC.appliancesD.utilities【答案】C【解析】句意：當(dāng)今，家用電器使家務(wù)變得更容易。appliance(家庭用)器具，用具，裝置，器械(尤指家用電器)。facility設(shè)施；設(shè)備。equipment設(shè)備，裝備；器材。utility實(shí)用；效用；公共設(shè)施。12．He________incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebank

thathadbeenrobbed.A.testifiedB.witnessedC.justifiedD.identified【答案】A【解析】句意：他在法庭上證實(shí)他親眼看見(jiàn)囚犯搶完銀行后逃跑了。testify作證；證明。witness目擊；證明。justify證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?；替……辯護(hù)。identify鑒定；識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出。13．Undergraduatestudentshaveno______totherarebooksintheschoollibrary.A.pathB.entranceC.wayD.access【答案】D【解析】句意：本科生無(wú)法接觸到學(xué)校圖書(shū)館里的珍貴書(shū)籍。haveaccessto可以到達(dá)；可以使用；有接觸(或進(jìn)入、使用)的機(jī)會(huì)(或權(quán)利)。path路徑。entrance入口。way方法；道路。14．Obviously,theChairman’sremarksattheconferencewere______andnotplanned.A.substantialB.spontaneous

C.simultaneousD.synthetic【答案】B【解析】句意：顯然，主席在大會(huì)上的講話(huà)是即興的，不是事先計(jì)劃好的。spontaneous意為“自然的；自發(fā)的；自然產(chǎn)生的”。substantial大量的；實(shí)質(zhì)的；內(nèi)容充實(shí)的。simultaneous意為“同時(shí)的；同步的”。synthetic合成的，人造的。根據(jù)notplanned可知應(yīng)該選spontaneous。15．Theprince________poweronthedeathofhisfather.A.presumedB.assumedC.resumedD.consumed【答案】B【解析】句意：王子在他父親的死后掌權(quán)。assume意為“承擔(dān)，就(職)，控制(政權(quán))”，assumepower掌權(quán)，控制政權(quán)。presume意為“推測(cè)，假定”。resume意為“恢復(fù)，繼續(xù)”。consume意為“消費(fèi)，消耗”。16．Theworkisnotveryprofitable______cash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromit.A.accordingtoB.onthebasisofC.intermsofD.inthelightof【答案】C

【解析】句意：就現(xiàn)金收入來(lái)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)工作意思不大，但我能從工作中獲得寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。intermsof根據(jù)；就……來(lái)說(shuō)。accordingto根據(jù)；按照。onthebasisof在……的基礎(chǔ)上。inthelightof鑒于；按照。17．EverymaterialonEarthreflects,______andabsorbselectromagneticradiationinacharacteristicway.A.transfersB.transformsC.transmitsD.transplants【答案】C【解析】句意：地球上的每一種物質(zhì)都以一種特有的方式反射、傳播和吸收電磁輻射。transmit傳輸；傳播；傳達(dá)。transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)晦D(zhuǎn)移。transform改變；變換。transplant移植；遷移。18．I________becauseIwantedtotalkwithyouaboutyourmotherthroughthenight.A.turnedupB.stayedupC.workedupD.stoodup【答案】B【解析】句意：我熬夜是因?yàn)槲彝砩舷牒湍阏務(wù)勱P(guān)于你母親的事。stayup熬夜。turnup出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生。workup逐步建立；逐步發(fā)展。standup站起來(lái)。19．Wealthwaslessevenly________intheSouththanintheWest,less

moneywasinvestedineducation,andtherateofilliteracywashigher.A.distributedB.dividedC.separatedD.spread【答案】A【解析】句意：與西部相比，南方的財(cái)富分配不均衡，教育投入的資金較少，而文盲率更高。distribute分配；配給。divide分開(kāi)；劃分。separate分離；隔開(kāi)。spread擴(kuò)散；傳播。20．Itisknownthatwhat________practicallyallofmatterisavastnumberofunitsofenergy.A.constitutesB.iscomposedofC.ismadeofD.contains【答案】D【解析】句意：眾所周知，眾多的能量單位中包含了幾乎所有的物質(zhì)。contain包含。這里指的是能量單位包含各種物質(zhì)。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)成分。constitute組成；構(gòu)成。becomposedof由……組成。bemadeof由……組成，構(gòu)成。21．________oureffortstosavetheschool,thecountydecidedtocloseit.A.InspiteB.Forall

C.AlthoughD.While【答案】B【解析】句意：盡管我們盡全力去挽救這個(gè)學(xué)校，但是政府還是決定關(guān)閉它。forall盡管；雖然；相當(dāng)于inspiteof；后面可直接跟名詞。A選項(xiàng)inspiteof才是正確表達(dá)，后面可直接跟名詞。although和while后面一般跟的是完整的句子。22．Don’tyourealizethedamagethesechemicalsaredoing________ourenvironment?A.forB.toC.aboutD.on【答案】B【解析】句意：你難道沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這些化學(xué)產(chǎn)品給我們的環(huán)境帶來(lái)的危害嗎？dodamageto破壞；危害；固定表達(dá)用介詞to。23．TheClarkshaven’tdecidedyetwhichhotel________.A.tostayB.istostayC.tostayatD.isforstaying【答案】C

【解析】句意：他們還沒(méi)有決定要入住哪家酒店。本題考查常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)句+帶to的不定式；其中帶to的不定式做定語(yǔ)修飾hotel，stay用作不及物動(dòng)詞，常與介詞at搭配，表示小的地點(diǎn)。陳述語(yǔ)序是decidedtostayatwhichhotel。24．Wecould________himwithadetachedhousewhenhecame,buthehadspecificallyaskedforasmallflat.A.provideB.haveprovidedC.notprovideD.nothaveprovided【答案】B【解析】句意：當(dāng)他來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們本可以給他一套獨(dú)立的房子，但他特別要求要一間小公寓就行。couldhavedone本可以……而沒(méi)有；符合句意要求。25．________,therewerenogroundtojustifyyourcomplaint.A.SuchwasthecaseB.SuchwouldbethecaseC.SuchbeingthecaseD.Suchisthecase【答案】C【解析】句意：既然事實(shí)如此，你也就沒(méi)理由為你的抱怨找借口。suchbeingthecase事實(shí)既然如此；情況就是這樣；固定表達(dá)。也可看作是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，such代詞，是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)，用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成主系表句型結(jié)構(gòu)。

26．Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy________payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whether【答案】B【解析】句意：公司現(xiàn)在實(shí)行一項(xiàng)政策，內(nèi)容是：是否漲工資由個(gè)人的工作表現(xiàn)決定。定語(yǔ)從句不缺成分，關(guān)系副詞where充當(dāng)從句的狀語(yǔ)。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞不一定都是表示具體地點(diǎn)的名詞，還可以是case，situation，point，policy，stage等表示抽象概念的名詞，意為“在……情況下；在……狀態(tài)下”等。27．Xenonhasanumberofapplications,________maybementioneditsuseinflashlampsforhigh-speedphotography.A.amongwhichB.whichC.andwhichD.eachofwhich【答案】A【解析】句意：氙氣有多種用途，其中值得一提的是它在高速攝影閃光燈中的應(yīng)用。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞applications，并在從句中充當(dāng)介詞among的賓語(yǔ)。28．12isto4________3isto1.A.what

B.howC.whichD.that【答案】A【解析】句意：12之于4等同于3之1。AistoBwhatCistoD，固定的比較句型。what表示比較關(guān)系，意為“正如；好像；等同于”。29．You________Markanything.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.A.needn’ttellB.mustn’thavetoldC.mustn’ttellD.needn’thavetold【答案】D【解析】句意：你本不需要告訴馬克任何事的，那和他沒(méi)關(guān)系。needn’thavedone本不需要做……卻做了。根據(jù)下文可知是“已經(jīng)告訴了馬克”，所以選項(xiàng)D最符合句意要求。30．________nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.Therebeing【答案】D

【解析】句意：由于沒(méi)有什么值得驚慌的理由，老人回到了他的臥室。從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致，所以要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，there用作邏輯主語(yǔ)，與動(dòng)詞be存在主謂關(guān)系，所以用主動(dòng)形式。therebeing引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是原因狀語(yǔ)。31．You’dbetterlookatthedifficulty________.A.byotherwayB.bytheotherwayC.anotherwayD.byanotherway【答案】C【解析】句意：你最好用另一種方式看待困難。anotherway是inanotherway的省略形式，用作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示“以(用)另一種方法，指三種或三種以上的方法中的一種”。其余三項(xiàng)搭配不正確，一般常用介詞in。32．Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresist________whattodoandwhatnottodo.A.tobetoldB.havingbeentoldC.beingtoldD.tohavebeentold【答案】C【解析】句意：盡管年紀(jì)很小，F(xiàn)red可以拒絕被告訴什么能做，什么不能做。resist抵抗，抗拒；反對(duì)，抵制；后面要接動(dòng)名詞doing的形式。resistdoingsth.拒絕做某事；根據(jù)句意可知Fred和tell之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。

33．Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast________shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when【答案】D【解析】句意：她記得過(guò)去有幾次她經(jīng)歷過(guò)類(lèi)似的感覺(jué)。定語(yǔ)從句中occasion作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以用where也可以用when，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間用when，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)用where；從句shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when。34．________asmuchasone-fourthofalltimberharvestedisnotusedprovedtobefalse.A.TheestimateB.TheestimatethatC.TheyareestimatedD.Itisestimatedthat【答案】B【解析】句意：多達(dá)1/4收獲的木材沒(méi)有被利用，這個(gè)估計(jì)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。本題考察同位語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)為theestimate，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其進(jìn)行限定說(shuō)明，句子簡(jiǎn)化后就是Theestimateprovedtobefalse.35．Youwon’tgetaloan________youcanoffersomesecurity.A.lest

B.incaseC.unlessD.otherthan【答案】C【解析】句意：除非你提供一些保證，否則你是貸不了款的。unless除非；符合句子邏輯。lest唯恐，以免。incase以防萬(wàn)一。otherthan除……之外；不同于。36．Iwastohavemadeaspeechif________.A.IwasnotcalledawayB.nobodywouldhavecalledmeawayC.IhadnotbeencalledawayD.nobodycalledmeaway【答案】C【解析】句意：如果我沒(méi)有被人叫走的話(huà)，我會(huì)做一個(gè)演講。由主句時(shí)態(tài)可知句子是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事實(shí)的虛擬，從句應(yīng)該用had+過(guò)去分詞，所以答案選C。37．John’sscoreonthetestisthehighestinthegroup;he________lastnight.A.shouldhavestudiedB.musthavestudiedC.hasstudiedD.shouldstudy

【答案】B【解析】句意：約翰的測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù)是小組里面最高的；他昨天晚上肯定學(xué)習(xí)了。musthavedone肯定已經(jīng)做了某事；表示有依據(jù)，很肯定的猜測(cè)；符合句子邏輯表達(dá)。38．Itwasyears________IhadvisitedmyhometownandIwasdeterminedtoenjoymystay.A.afterB.whenC.sinceD.that【答案】C【解析】句意：再次踏上故土已是多年以后，所以我決定好好享受這次暫住。本題考查固定句型：Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。39．Giveitasecondthought,________you’llfinditwisetoacceptthepost.A.toB.andC.orD.then【答案】B【解析】句意：再考慮一下，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)接受這一職位是明智的。and連接兩個(gè)句子，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。40．Everymanandeverywomanworkinghere________withme.

A.isgettingalongwellB.aregettingalongwellC.isgotalongwellD.aregotalongwell【答案】A【解析】句意：每個(gè)在這里工作的人都和我相處得很好。由every…andevery…；each…andeach…；no…andno…；manya…andmanya…等連接的并列主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。SectionBErrorDetection(10points)Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,C,andD.Identifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronyouranswersheet.(10points)1．Ofthethreestudents,heisbyfarthemorediligent,forheknowswhyheshouldworkhard.A.byfarB.themoreC.shouldD.hard【答案】B【解析】themore改為themost。句意：在這三個(gè)學(xué)生中，他是目前為止最勤奮的因?yàn)樗雷约簽槭裁匆ぷ?。這里表示的是三者之間的比較，所以應(yīng)該用最高級(jí)。2．Don’tforgetthewordswhatyourparentstoldyouwhenyoulefthome.

A.thewordsB.whatC.toldD.left【答案】B【解析】what改為that或which。yourparentstoldyou是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞words；tellsb.sth.告訴某人某事，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用that或which。3．Somepeoplebelievethatboys’performanceontestsisalwaysbetterthangirls.Butitisnotnecessarilythecase.A.boys’B.onC.girlsD.necessarily【答案】C【解析】girls改為girls’。句意：一些人認(rèn)為男孩在考試上的表現(xiàn)比女孩要好，但事實(shí)不一定如此。這里的比較對(duì)象是男孩和女孩的表現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)該用girls’，省略了performance。4．Ifwritinghadneverbeeninvented,wewouldbelivinginaverynarrowworld,knowinglittlethepastandstilllessaboutotherpeoplesandnations.A.hadneverbeeninventedB.wouldbelivingC.knowinglittle

D.stilllessabout【答案】C【解析】knowinglittle后應(yīng)該加about。句意：如果沒(méi)有發(fā)明書(shū)寫(xiě)的話(huà)，我們現(xiàn)在將會(huì)居住在一個(gè)非常狹隘的世界里，對(duì)過(guò)去知之甚少，對(duì)其他民族和國(guó)家就知道的更少。knowlittleabout對(duì)……知道很少，固定表達(dá)。5．Bytheyear2020,thisareawillinhabittwiceasmanypeopleasitistoday.A.BytheyearB.willC.twiceD.asmanypeopleas【答案】B【解析】will改為willhavebeeninhabited。by后加表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，句子的謂語(yǔ)要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間為止的動(dòng)作。inhabit意為“居住于，存在于；占據(jù)，棲息”，是及物動(dòng)詞，其后通常接地點(diǎn)。如果地點(diǎn)做主語(yǔ)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6．Alongwithtechnologicaladvancesinmodernmedicinehascomemanynewquestionsmedical,legal,andsocial.A.AlongwithB.advancesC.hascomeD.manynewquestions【答案】C

【解析】hascome改為havecome。本句為倒裝句，主語(yǔ)為newquestions，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。7．Itisimportantthatthestudentbeginstolearnthechemicalsymbolsimmediatelysincetheyrepresentthebasicbuildingblocksofmatterandwillbeusedextensivelyintheremainderofthebook.A.beginstoB.representC.willbeusedD.theremainder【答案】A【解析】beginsto改為beginto。Itisimportantthat句型中一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。8．Thebabywhodoesn’tgetanylovingwillgrowupcoldlyandunresponsive.A.whoB.doesn’tgetC.willD.coldlyandunresponsive【答案】D【解析】coldlyandunresponsive改為coldandunresponsive。此處應(yīng)該用形容詞形式表伴隨。9．JudithFranciswasnothingatalllikethewomanJanehadexpectedtomeether.

A.nothingatallB.likeC.hadexpectedD.meether【答案】D【解析】meether去掉her。這里Janehadexpectedtomeet是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thewoman，且定語(yǔ)從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that；省略的引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)meet的賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該刪掉her。10．Notabletouseacomputerwouldhurtagraduate’schancesoffindingajobasasecretary.A.NotabletoB.hurtC.chancesD.asasecretary【答案】A【解析】notableto改為notbeingableto。通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，A劃線部分應(yīng)該充當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)，所以要用v-ing形式。PartII.ReadingComprehension(40points)SectionAMultipleChoice(30points)Directions:Inthissectionthereare3readingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyouranswersheets.PassageA

It’stimeforchange;that’safactthatalluniversitymanagersknowbutmostofthemresisttoadmitting.Relyingmerelyonclassicalmanagementstrategiesdoesnotgetusveryfar.Old-fashioneduniversitymanagershavenotyetbeenconvincedtotaketheriskofapplyingchangetotheirwell-establisheduniversity;butintheextremelycompetitiveenvironmentofthismarket,theyhavenootherchoiceandsoonerorlatertheyneedtobelieveinthenecessityofchangeandutilizingmodernmodelsofhighereducation.However,anunjustifieddelayresultsinsignificantlosses,asitisevidentfromcontinuouschangeinthepositionofsomeuniversitiesintheworlduniversityrankingupwardordownward.Thisisindeedanunquestionablefactthatmodernuniversitycannotbemanagedbytraditionalmethods,ascurrentstudentsaredifferenthavingnewexpectations,potentials,andneeds.Roughlyspeaking,itisevidentbycomparingthecurrentstudentswiththoseof80swhoneverexperiencedinternetandglobalizationatthislevel.Thosewhohavestudiedin60swillrememberthatprofessorshadmoretimeforresearchanddiscussionaboutpreliminarysubjects,andPhDStudentshadadifferentpositionintheuniversityenvironment.Infact,highereducationhasalwaysbeenintheprocessofchanging,butnotnecessarilyingooddirection.Sincedifferentpartiesareinvolvedinuniversitystructure,theirpreferencessometimescausedunfavorablechange;ratherthaneffectivechange.WaitingforexternalforcesinducingchangetouniversityisanexampleofDarwin’snaturalselection(i.e.evolution);thoughintelligentevolutionissomethingdifferent.Anoutstandingleadershipneedstoforeseedesirablechange.Peopleusuallybelievechangeshouldbelimitedintheframeworkofavailablebudget,buttheartofleadershipistoconductchangebasedonintellectualproperties,creativity,andinnovation;leadingtoseveralbenefitsincludingfinancialone.Effectivechangeistransformativeandsustainableimplementedthroughaunitedleadershipstrategyaccordingtotheorganizationalgeneralpolicy.Thus,changeisnotlimitedtomodernizationoftraditionalelements,butalsorevivinggoodtraditionalelementslostintime.Thisisacollectionofideasproposedbytheauthorinavarietyofprograms,researchstudies,andmanagerialreportsassociatedwithsomeimportantissuesintherealmsofmodernuniversitymanagement.Therearejustifiedprogramsfordevelopingeachcaseeffectively(collectedinavolumeasa

handbookforuniversityleaders),thoughitisrecommendedtoadapteachprogramaccordingtotheuniversityuniquepotentialsandneeds.Ingeneral,itisnotaimedtoalterthecurrent(successful)plans,butcreatingnewopportunitiesbasedontheuniversityunusedandhiddenpotentials.Thiscollectivepaperaimstoputemphasisonconceptslikecreativity,innovation,change,academicculture,networking,collaboration,knowledge,management,leadership,entrepreneurship,andsoforth.Thesearejustbeautifulconcepts,aseveryoneappreciates;buttheproblemisthatfewpeopleapplythemseriouslyandpractically.1．Accordingtothepassage,________.A.alluniversitymanagershaveacceptedchange.B.classicalmanagementstrategiesworkwelltoday.C.well-establisheduniversitiesaremorereluctanttochange.D.highereducationneedsnewmodelsofmanagement.2．Comparedwith80s,amaindifferenceintoday’suniversitiesischangeof________.A.numberofstudentsB.formationofstudentsC.needsofstudentsD.financialconditionsofstudents3．Darwin’snaturalselectionismentionedtoshow________.A.evolutionisinevitable.B.intelligentevolutionisimpossible.C.externalforcesmaynotleadtofavorablechange.

D.internalforcescanguaranteedesirablechange.4．WhichofthefollowinginNOTtrueaboutaneffectivechange?A.Itcanincreasebudgetforuniversities.B.Ithelpsfostercreativity.C.Itfollowsthegeneralorganizationalpolicy.D.Ithasnotraceoftraditionalmanagement.5．Thispassageismostlikelytobe________.A.areportofaresearchstudyB.aproposalforaprogramC.anintroductiontoabookD.aplanforthedevelopmentofuniversities【答案與解析】1．D根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thisisindeedanunquestionablefactthatmodernuniversitycannotbemanagedbytraditionalmethods”可知現(xiàn)代的大學(xué)需要新的管理方法。2．C文章第二段第一句還提到“currentstudentsaredifferenthavingnewexpectations,potentials,andneeds”，現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生有新的期望、潛能和需要；下文通過(guò)八十年代和現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生對(duì)比具體說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。3．C文章第二段提到“WaitingforexternalforcesinducingchangetouniversityisanexampleofDarwin’snaturalselection”，等待外部力量促使大學(xué)改變，這是達(dá)爾文自然選擇的一個(gè)例子。上文則說(shuō)大學(xué)里一些機(jī)構(gòu)的偏好導(dǎo)致了不容樂(lè)觀的而不是有效的變化，由此可知外部力量可能會(huì)催生不好的變化結(jié)果。4．D根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Thus,changeisnotlimitedto

modernizationoftraditionalelements,butalsorevivinggoodtraditionalelementslostintime”，變化不僅局限于傳統(tǒng)元素的現(xiàn)代化，而且還包括恢復(fù)丟失的傳統(tǒng)因素。由此可知D選項(xiàng)“有效的變化沒(méi)有傳統(tǒng)管理的痕跡”這一說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的，D選項(xiàng)符合題意要求。5．D從文章最后兩段的第一句話(huà)“Thisisacollectionofideasproposedbytheauthorinavarietyofprograms,researchstudies,andmanagerialreportsassociatedwithsomeimportantissues”、“Thiscollectivepaperaimsto…”可以推測(cè)出本篇文章是關(guān)于大學(xué)管理方法調(diào)查的一份報(bào)告。PassageBResultsofaglobaleducationsurveytodayshowU.S.highschoolstudentscomeinadispiriting26thoutof65placesworldwideincombinedscoresformath,scienceandreadingtests.TheOECD’sProgramforinternationalAssessment(PISA)suggeststhatwhileAmericalags,Asiasoars:Outofthetop10,eightareintheAsia-Pacificregion—ledbyShanghaiandHongKonginChina,Singapore,SouthKoreaandJapan.TheriseofeducationinAsiaisnoaccident.Itreflectsdeliberatepoliciesandlong-terminvestmentsthatrecognizethecentralityofqualityeducationtoanation’seconomicgrowth.StudiesonPISAdatashowthathighertestscoresinmathandscienceareassociatedwithhighergrowthratesthat,inturn,leadtohigherincomes.Thesecountriesunderstand,asformerSingaporePrimeMinisterGohChokTonghassaid:“Anation’swealthinthe21stcenturywilldependonthecapacityofitspeopletolearn.”Thereisnoone“Asianway”toacademicsuccess,justasnotallAsiannationsareequallysuccessful.ShanghaiistheleadingedgeinChinabutdisparitiesremainwithinthecountry.Thereare,however,commonthemesthatpermeatehigh-performingAsianschoolsystems.Theseinclude:

●Emphasisonmathandscience.Mathandsciencetrainingbeginsearlyinprimaryschoolandrigorouscoursessuchasbiology,chemistryandphysics,aswellasalgebraandgeometryarepartofacorecurriculumforsecondaryschool.Specialistteachersareoftenemployedinelementaryschoolsunlike“generalists”usuallyfoundinU.S.schools.●TimeandEffort.Withlongerschoolyearsandsometimeslongerschooldays,AsianstudentsoftenhavetheequivalentofseveralmoreyearsofschoolingbythetimetheyfinishhighschoolthanthetypicalAmericanstudent.Asianstudentsarealsoexpectedtoworkhardinschool,reflectingasocietalbeliefthatdevelopingone’sskillsandknowledgereflectseffortmorethaninnateability.Aligningeducationgoalstoeconomicdevelopment,Asiannationshavebuiltstrongschoolsystemsbyscouringtheworld—includingtheUnitedStates—foreffectivepracticesandweavingthemtogetherinwaysthatmeshwiththeirculturalvalues.Recognizingthefastpaceofchangeintheworld’seconomicandcivicenvironment,theirfocusnowisondevelopingteachers,principalsandstudentswhoareexpectedtohaveaglobaloutlookandbe“futureready.”U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncanhassaid:“ThesimpletruthisthatAmericahasagreatdealtolearnfromtheeducationalpracticesofothercountries.”Modelsofbestpracticeexistallovertheworld,butaremostnoticeablyincreasinginAsia.And,it’snotaone-waystreet.Asiannationsstrugglewithoutmodedinstructionalpracticesandanover-relianceonhigh-pressureexaminationsandtheycontinuetolooktoAmericaforcluesincultivatinginnovationinteachingandcreativityintheirstudents.ThetimehascomeforAmericatolearnfrom—andwithAsiaandtheworld.Ourabilitytocompeteandleadinaglobaleconomymaywelldependonit.6．Theunderlinedword“dispiriting”inparagraph1mostlikelymeans________

A.unbelievableB.discouragingC.disgustingD.undesirable7．Accordingtothepassage,theriseofeducationinAsiaisdueto________.A.awarenessofimportanceofeducationforeconomyB.fiercecompetitionforcollegeentranceC.fastdevelopmentofeconomyD.people’ssocialvalues8．Higherscoresinmathandscience________.A.areamustforcreativity.B.areamarkofinnateabilityC.areagoalofgeneralistteachersD.areassociatedwithhigherincomes9．Bysaying“it’snotaone-waystreet”,theauthorimpliesthat________.A.Americahasdifferentdirectionstofollow.B.Therearegoodeducationalmodelseverywhere.C.AmericaandAsianeedtolearnfromeachother.D.Americashouldlearnfromallothercountriesintheworld.10．AprobleminAsianeducationmaybe________

A.lackoffacilitiesB.lackofinnovationC.lackofculturalvaluesD.lackofcompetentteacher【答案與解析】6．B文章第一段話(huà)提到“一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，在數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)和閱讀測(cè)試的綜合得分中，美國(guó)高中學(xué)生在全球65個(gè)國(guó)家中排名第26”，這個(gè)排名不盡人意，所以dispiriting的意思是“令人沮喪的；不如意的”，discouraging與之表達(dá)相近意思。7．A文章第三段提到“Itreflectsdeliberatepoliciesandlong-terminvestmentsthatrecognizethecentralityofqualityeducationtoanation’seconomicgrowth”，由此可知亞洲國(guó)家教育質(zhì)量的提高反映的是深思熟慮的政策和長(zhǎng)期投資，亞洲國(guó)家認(rèn)識(shí)到了高質(zhì)量教育對(duì)一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的重要性。8．D文章第四段提到“highertestscoresinmathandscienceareassociatedwithhighergrowthratesthat,inturn,leadtohigherincomes”，在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)方面更高的分?jǐn)?shù)與較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率有關(guān)，而經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)使得人們收入水平變高，因此更高的分?jǐn)?shù)與較高的收入水平有關(guān)。9．C根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知：美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)亞洲國(guó)家的教育模式；而亞洲國(guó)家也應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)美國(guó)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)的創(chuàng)新能力。所以it’snotaone-waystreet指的是“美國(guó)和亞洲國(guó)家應(yīng)該借鑒學(xué)習(xí)彼此教育模式中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。10．B文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“亞洲國(guó)家正在與過(guò)時(shí)的教學(xué)實(shí)踐和過(guò)度依賴(lài)高壓考試的做法作斗爭(zhēng)，他們繼續(xù)向美國(guó)尋求培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新方面的教學(xué)線索”，由此可知亞洲國(guó)家的教育可能存在的問(wèn)題是“缺乏創(chuàng)新”。PassageCFinancialServicesAuthoritychairmanLordTurnertodaydefendeditsrefusaltopublishareportintowhatwentwrongatRoyalBankofScotlandandcalledfornewrulesthatwouldholdbankerstoahigherstandardofconduct

thantypicalboardroombosses.WhileithasannouncedthattheRBSinvestigationisclosed,theregulatorsaysitcannotprovidefurtherdetailsbecausetheFinancialServicesandMarketsActpreventsitfromdoingso.Theregulator,whichistobebrokenupbythecoalition,islobbyingthegovernmenttoensurethatitssuccessorbodieshavethepowerstopublishthefindingsofinvestigations,eveniftheyconcludetheycannottakeanyregulatoryaction.TheFSAlastweekblamed“bad”decisionsratherthananydishonestyfortheeventsthatledtothe￡45bntaxpayerbailoutofRBS,aftercommissioningPricewaterhouseCooperstoreviewthebank’stakeoverofABNAmroandcashcallin2008.Evenso,areporthasnotbeenformallycompiledbytheFSAonwhichtobaseitsdecisionnottotakeactionagainstformerdirectorsincludingSirFredGoodwin.TurnersaidthatwhiletheRBSbossesmade“risky”decisions,theywere“allowedbytherulesofthetimeandapplaudedbymuchofthemarket”.Headded:“Theymadejudgmentsabouttheextentofinformationrequiredtomakesounddecisions,whichcancertainlybequestioned,buttheydiddebatetheissues.Tosomeextent,therefore,theyweredoingwhatexecutivesandboardsinothersectorsoftheeconomydo:sometimesgettingjudgmentsrightandsometimeswrong.”Butbankingwasdifferent,headded,asbankswerebailedouttoavoidthecollapsethatmightoccurasaresultofbaddecisionsatothercompanies.Hesuggestedthatrules,suchasthoseintheUS,demandingbankersforfeittwoyears’payiftheywereresponsibleforthebank’scollapse,couldbeintroduced.Bankerswhosatonboardsofbankswhichcollapsedcouldalsobebannedfromtakingasimilarpositionatanotherbank.Turner’sideasalarmedsomelawyers.“TheideathatseniorbankersshouldbesubjecttoaretrospectiveblameregimeofthekindthatLordTurnerisadvancingismisconceived,”saidSimonMorris,oflawfirmCMSCameronMcKenna.“Itwouldbeplainlyunfairtointroduceaspecialregimeinordertopenalizeadirectorofabank-andnooneelse—whotookobjectivelyreasonabledecisionsthatlaterturnedouttobewrong.”

TurnerdoubtedthatpublishingareportonRBSwouldrevealanythingnewabouttheFSA.“Itwouldrevealthesamedeficienciesofregulatoryphilosophy,alreadyidentified,underwhichtheFSAsimplydidnotbelieveitsremitincludedpreventingtheABNAmroacquisitionwhichwashighlyriskybutbreachednoregulation.Infuturewewouldactdifferently,”hesaid.11．WhydidFinancialServicesAuthorityrefusetopublishthereportaboutRBS?A.Becausethecasewasstillunderinvestigation.B.BecauseRBShadincurredagreatloss.C.Becausebankers’conductfailedtomeetahigherstandard.D.BecauseitmustobeytheFinancialServiceandMarketsAct.12．ItcanbeinferredthatLordTurnerwouldlikegovernmentto________.A.allowpublicationofresultsofinvestigations.B.keepfindingsofinvestigationssecret.C.takeregulatoryactionagainstbanks.D.givemorepowerstobanks.13．ThecauseforthebadperformanceofRBSis________.A.cheatingB.taxpayerbailoutC.baddecisionsD.lackofmoney14．LordTurnersuggestedthatbankers________.

A.shouldbepunishedforcollapseofabank.B.shouldalwaysgetjudgmentsright.C.shouldbeapplaudedbythemarket.D.shouldlearnfromothercompanies.15．TheattitudeofSimonMorristowardLordTurner’ssuggestionis________.A.supportiveB.uncertainC.negativeD.neutral【答案與解析】11．D文章第二段提到“theregulatorsaysitcannotprovidefurtherdetailsbecausetheFinancialServicesandMarketsActpreventsitfromdoingso”，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)表示，它無(wú)法提供更多細(xì)節(jié)，因?yàn)榻鹑诜?wù)和市場(chǎng)行為法案阻止了它這么做。由此可知英國(guó)金融服務(wù)管理局拒絕發(fā)布關(guān)于蘇格蘭皇家銀行的報(bào)告的原因是它不能違背金融服務(wù)和市場(chǎng)行為法案。12．C根據(jù)文章第一段“calledfornewrulesthatwouldholdbankerstoahigherstandardofconductthantypicalboardroombosses”，可知Turner呼吁制定新的規(guī)則，使銀行家的行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高于典型的董事會(huì)老板。因此可以推斷出Turner想讓政府整頓銀行秩序。13．B文章第三段首句提到：TheFS