2024年1月浙江首考高考英語完形填空試題講評課件

2024.1浙江首考完形填空簡析

目錄Part1試題、考點(diǎn)分析Part2解題策略Part3備考建議

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote С.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engagePart1試題、考點(diǎn)分析【試題分析】

本文是一篇描述一段不尋?；疖囍玫挠洈⑽模瑢儆凇叭伺c社會”主題語境下的“跨文化溝通”主題群，也涉及“人與自我”主題語境下的“生活與學(xué)習(xí)”主題群

【W(wǎng)hat】故事講述了作者在旅途過程中與中國本地的一名基建工人交流的際遇與收獲。文章共包括三個自然段，第一段交代了故事背景和文章主題。第二段交代了兩人交流的具體細(xì)節(jié)。第三段為評議部分，分享了作者在這次不尋常的火車之旅中得到的啟示?！網(wǎng)hy】讀者可以從故事中體會“三人行，必有我?guī)煛钡牡览?。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中國普通勞動者的縮影，啟示了青少年只要在日常生活中懷有謙卑之心，保持開放心態(tài)，那么在與各行各業(yè)的普通人交流中都能得到學(xué)習(xí)。同時，文章對中國基建工人塑造的艱難謀生仍不忘學(xué)習(xí)、追求詩與遠(yuǎn)方的正面形象也傳達(dá)了對中華民族、文化的認(rèn)同和尊崇，有利引導(dǎo)青少年鑄牢文化自信底色?！綡ow】文章241詞，短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，篇章模式符合拉波夫模式，第一人稱的敘事視角有助讀者代入角色，跟隨主人公一起享受美妙的火車際遇?！究键c(diǎn)分析】

本題主要考查學(xué)生在具體的語境中運(yùn)用詞匯知識的能力，考查學(xué)生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段間、句內(nèi)及句間聯(lián)系的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確判斷和選擇符合特定上下文語義和用法的動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞及詞組等。

考點(diǎn)詞性分布考點(diǎn)詞性設(shè)題數(shù)試題編號動詞（動詞短語）642，45,46,48,50,51名詞341,44,49形容詞343,47,52副詞0語言能力

認(rèn)知能力試題編號句子語義邏輯理解、分析、應(yīng)用46,49語段邏輯42,43,44,45,50語篇邏輯41,47,48,51,52,53,54,55考點(diǎn)類型分布Part2解題策略Tip1:重視首句傳遞的信息文章體裁人物身份全文主旨下文內(nèi)容作者態(tài)度Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.記敘文（5w1h）作者在旅途中與中國當(dāng)?shù)鼗üと说倪M(jìn)行了一次對話，從中頗為受教。對話詳情？有何收獲？positive:“humbling,educational,wonderful，...longfor從作者選詞、措辭把握作者態(tài)度I(aforeigntraveler)、ayoungChineseworker

主題語境由主題和語境兩個概念合成。主題一般是語篇背后的一種思想、情感或價(jià)值觀念，是作者想要表達(dá)的東西，也可以理解為篇章的主旨或立意。（by王彥鵬）

語境則是指語言交際的環(huán)境，一般分為語言語境（篇章內(nèi)部的環(huán)境或是上下文）、情景語境（篇章發(fā)生時周圍的情況、事件性質(zhì)、參與者的關(guān)系、時間、地點(diǎn)、方式等）、文化語境（說話者或者作者所在的語言社團(tuán)的歷史、文化和風(fēng)俗人情）。（by胡壯麟）思考：篇章的主旨是什么？（作者想要通過文章表達(dá)什么？）在該語境中，作者會選用什么措辭來表達(dá)自己的情感和思想？Tip2:速讀全文，基于主題語境解題

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.

……Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.【W(wǎng)hy】讀者可以從故事中體會“三人行，必有我?guī)煛钡牡览恚?1空：如果不是遇到這位工人師傅，我可能仍會依賴定勢思維評判事物；55空：三人行有我?guī)煟９适轮械闹魅斯换üと耸侵袊胀▌趧诱叩目s影，啟示了（53空：建筑工人展現(xiàn)的品質(zhì)讓我受啟發(fā)）青少年只要在日常生活中懷有謙卑之心，保持開放心態(tài)，那么在與各行各業(yè)的普通人交流中都能得到學(xué)習(xí)。Tip2:速讀全文，基于主題語境解題47，結(jié)合主題，應(yīng)選表達(dá)作者積極態(tài)度的詞54，結(jié)合情景語境，應(yīng)用表達(dá)旅途的詞Tip3:宏觀分析篇章,把握故事情節(jié)、變化

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.點(diǎn)題：我與一個所有旅行者都渴望的當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛艘环N謙卑、有教育意義的、美妙的相遇。指向：新朋友幾乎不會說英語，于是我趁機(jī)練習(xí)中文，為下午與該中國工人進(jìn)行對話鋪墊進(jìn)展：從對話中了解中國工人直面生活的慘淡仍熱愛生活、追求學(xué)習(xí)的故事評議：作者對中國工人積極的看法與態(tài)度回應(yīng)：回應(yīng)主題，從別人的故事回到對自己的啟發(fā)變化的是流逝的光陰，不變的是堅(jiān)韌、好學(xué)的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)Tip4:微觀分析篇章模式，

關(guān)注銜接、連貫、語境完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)）銜接語法銜接詞匯銜接邏輯聯(lián)系語連貫語境完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)）完形填空篇章微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之銜接

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.1利用語法銜接（照應(yīng)）助力解題“the44”指示照應(yīng)對方不會說英語“My43”人稱照應(yīng)上文提到的一個年請的中國小伙走向“我”；mynewfriend照應(yīng)了上文的“ayoungChineseman”完形填空篇章微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之詞匯銜接完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之詞匯銜接:復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系）復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系：某一詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、上下義詞、概括詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中,語篇中的句子通過這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)eg.Thetwomanatthecounterreadthemenu.FromtheotherendofcounterBenwatchedthem.同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)eg.Hegotmany

presentsfromhisfriends.

Allthegiftswerewrappedincoloredpaper.上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)

上義詞指的是那些表示意義較概括的詞,它們的詞義包括了下義詞的詞義。例如,animal是sheep,tiger,wolf,dog等的上義詞,sheep,tiger等詞則是animal的下義詞。eg.Youwillneedtotakesometoolswithyou.Youcan

getahammer,asawandascrewdriverfrommost

bigdepartmentstores.完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之詞匯銜接:復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系）概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

概括詞指的是那些表示一般意義的詞。例如,people,man,woman,thing,place,do,make等都是概括詞。概括詞與其所指的詞構(gòu)成的銜接是通過概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。eg.CanyoutellmewheretostayinGeneva?I'veneverbeentotheplace.后一句中的概括詞place和前面的Geneva構(gòu)成相互銜接關(guān)系。完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之詞匯銜接:復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系）完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之詞匯銜接:同現(xiàn)關(guān)系）同現(xiàn)關(guān)系：同現(xiàn)關(guān)系指的是詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性(co-occurrencetendency)。在語篇中,圍繞著一定的話題,一定的詞就往往會同時出現(xiàn),而其他一些詞就不大可能會出現(xiàn)或根本不會出現(xiàn)，其中，詞匯鏈值得引起關(guān)注。在語言實(shí)踐中，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些在意義上相互聯(lián)系的詞語常常同時出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中，這些詞語屬于同一個詞匯套，形成了詞匯鏈(lexicalchain)，因而，當(dāng)人們遇到其中一個(些)詞語時，便會聯(lián)想到詞匯套中的另一些詞。如，聽(讀)到“郵局”時，人們通常會聯(lián)想到“寄信”、“匯款”、“打電報(bào)所以，當(dāng)一個詞匯套的詞語出現(xiàn)在一個語篇·中時，這些詞語就能銜接句子，起著連句成篇的左右。完形填空篇章分析（微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之詞匯銜接:同現(xiàn)關(guān)系）Janeisagoodteather,butsheisabadwife.

(反義同現(xiàn))Discriminationisundoubtedlypractisedagainstwomeninthefieldofscientificresearch.Wedon'tfindmencomplainingthattheyarenotbeinginterviewedforpositionsthattheyareclearlyqualifiedtofill.（互補(bǔ)同現(xiàn):兩句之間的銜接主要是依靠互補(bǔ)詞men和women的對照。）Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduatescontinue

theireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniverstiesinthecountry.Afterfouryears,theyreceiveabachelor'sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster'sdegreeandperhapsadoctor's

degree.（高中畢業(yè)后教育的詞匯鏈）

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.2利用詞匯銜接（復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)）助力解題“46”詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)48詞匯同現(xiàn)，文章的關(guān)鍵詞為“交談”，此處應(yīng)與詞匯鏈“口頭說”有關(guān)49詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，下文的authors與其相關(guān)，年輕小伙與作者探討了美國作家，又探討了俄國作家“52”詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，上文的studying為近義復(fù)現(xiàn)54詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)完形填空篇章微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析之邏輯聯(lián)系語

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayaf