Unit1PeopleofAchievementDiscoverusefulstructures課件-高中英語人教版選擇性

LearningaboutlanguageUnit1TheRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性和非限制性定語從句Review：abeautiful

girl在這里，beautiful是一個形容詞，形容詞來修飾名詞、代詞，做定語。當(dāng)定語是一個句子時，我們稱它為定語從句，定語從句的作用類似于形容詞的作用，用來修飾名詞、代詞，但是名詞位置在前面，定語從句在后面，此時名詞稱為先行詞.定語？當(dāng)定語是一個句子時，我們稱它為定語從句，定語從句的作用類似于形容詞的作用，用來修飾名詞、代詞，但是名詞位置在前面，定語從句在后面，此時名詞稱為先行詞，定語從句？Thebeautiful

girl

(whohasredhair)isLucy.先行詞

定語從句ThemanwhoisridingahorseisTangMonk.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句who關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞thatwhichwhowhomwhoseaswherewhenwhy關(guān)系詞的作用：①引導(dǎo)作用(引導(dǎo)定語從句)②替代作用(替代先行詞)③在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分先行詞在從句中所作成分關(guān)系代詞人主賓定物主賓定先行詞在從句中所作成分關(guān)系副詞時間名詞時間狀語地點名詞地點狀語reason原因狀語who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)whywhenwhere=介詞+which判斷句子是否為定語從句劃出先行詞將先行詞代入從句，看它在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分根據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作成分，得出關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的確定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor區(qū)分that和which1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld____canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetreethatthatthatthatthatthat只能用that，不能用which的情況①

先行詞既有人，又有物時。②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that。③先行詞有theonly，thevery，thejust,theright等修飾時，只用that。④

不定代詞，如something,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little

,none等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。⑤當(dāng)主句是以who或which

開頭的特殊疑問句時，用that以避免重復(fù)。區(qū)分that和which只用which而不用that的情況①非限制性定語從句只用which而不能用that。Hewroteabook___________isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.

限制性定語從句Hewroteabook,______isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.

非限制性定語從句②在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which而不用that。Thisistheplacein______LuXunusedtolive.which/thatwhichwhichNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause指人指物在非限制性定語從句中的作用whowhomwhichasWhose=ofwhich/whom√主語 √賓語(不可省略)指代整個主句√主語 賓語(不可省略)√√定語3.非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的用法歸納3：①that不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句②關(guān)系代詞who在非限制性定語從句中只能做主語，不能替代whom做賓語。1.關(guān)系代詞------非限制性定語從句主語、賓語、表語2.關(guān)系副詞-----非限制性定語從句(1)

關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,指

代主句中表示________的詞語。(2)關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語,

指代

主句中表示________的詞語。(3)when/where有時可以換成“介詞十which”。(4)不能用why引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,要用___________

代替。時間地點forwhich2.2如何確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞？1.與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1)Iwillneverforgettheday____whichI

joinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgettheyear___whichmyson

wenttocollege.3)

Iwillneverforgettheschool______whichIstudied.4)Hecametoafarm,_____whichhefinallysettled(安頓).onininon關(guān)系副詞2.與從句中謂語動詞、形容詞的搭配的固定搭配1)Haveyoufoundthebook_____whichIpaid$29Haveyoufoundthebook______whichIspent$29Doyouknowtheman_____whomsheoftentalksTheWestLake,_____whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.foronaboutfor1)Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.

空氣非常重要，沒有了它人類便不能生存。

2)Thisistheman_______whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.

這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那個人。withoutwith3.根據(jù)句子的意思來確定關(guān)系副詞3.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別1.I’llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays_______wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace______Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace______________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason__________________hegave.

when(which)where(which/that)why(which/that)要看先行詞是人還是物要看先行詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分先行詞不會在從句中出現(xiàn)，包括其指代當(dāng)先行詞在從句中做賓語時，關(guān)系詞可以省略關(guān)系詞的確定【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom/who)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomAs

everyoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.歸納3：as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時可代替整個主句。as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的位置不同:as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于___________________，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不可放在_______________________________。(3)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句有“__________的意思，而which指“_________”句首、句中、句后句首，只能放在句中、句后3.非限制性定從句中關(guān)系詞as和which的區(qū)別正如…….這…….3.Differencebetween“as”and“which”inasentence.項目aswhich指代引導(dǎo)從句只能指代整個主句的內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)從句既可指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，也可指代主句的一部分位置引導(dǎo)從句可位于主句之前、之中或之后引導(dǎo)從句只能位于主句之后意義正如；正像這一點；這件事功能連接上下文，表達說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

2.Heforgottobringhispenwithhimyesterday,asweexpected.3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenhimbefore,whichwasobviouslynottrue.4.Hechangedhismind,whichmademequiteangry.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，譯為“

”。常置于

，也可置于句中。正如，就像句首which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，常指代前面整個句子，只能放在先行詞

翻譯成

。這翻譯句子比較as/which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的用法正如每個人都知道的，中國是最大的發(fā)展中國家。他昨天忘帶筆了，正如我們預(yù)料的那樣。他說他以前沒有見過他，這明顯不是真的他改變了主意，這讓我很生氣。后

as常見搭配

asisknowntoall；

asyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase眾所周知正如你所知道的那樣正如所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所期待的正如上面所提到的正如報道/所說的那樣正如一句諺語所說/俗話說正如指出的正如你所看見的

情況通常如此定語從句就其與先行詞的關(guān)系可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。non-restrictiverelativeclauses一、形式不同限制性定語從句與其先行詞關(guān)系密切，其間通常不用逗號隔開，非限制性定語從句與其先行詞關(guān)系不密切，常用逗號隔開。如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,

whichisthecapitalofChina.如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,

whichisthecapitalofChina.非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明，去掉之后，意思明確，與主句通常用

“，”隔開，把非限制性定語從句放在句子中，其前后都需要用逗號隔開。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉之后，主句意思不明確。先行詞不唯一，縮小范圍，限定。先行詞唯一，沒必要限定，為附加說明。二、作用不同三、先行詞不同限制性定語從句的先行詞一般是名詞或代詞，非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是主句的一部分或整個主句。如：Ihaveadog,whichisblack.

（先行詞為dog）Chineseisveryimportant,whichmeansyouhavetolearnitwell.（先行詞為整個主句）限制性定從關(guān)代:that,which,who,whom,as關(guān)副:when,where,why=介詞+which關(guān)形:whose=ofwhich,ofwhom________________________非限制性定從關(guān)代:that,which,who,whom,as關(guān)副:when,where,why

=介詞+which關(guān)形:whose=ofwhich,ofwhomforwhich四、關(guān)系詞不同限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上意義上作用上翻譯上關(guān)系詞無逗號有逗號去掉從句，主句意思不完整不明確去掉從句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修飾限定只修飾一個名詞或代詞補充說明可修飾一個詞，也可修飾整個句子譯為“……的”常譯成與主句并列的句子作賓語時可省略關(guān)系詞一般不可省略不能用that,why引導(dǎo)ThedifferencesSummary三、使用非限制性定語從句時的注意事項1.that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

在非限制性定語從句中,用who,whom指代人,用which指代物。ShewasveryfondofspeakingFrench,whichindeedshespokewell.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.2.非限制性定語從句表原因時,不能用why引導(dǎo),而用forwhich代替why。三、使用非限制性定語從句時的注意事項TheywenttoLondon,wheretheylivedforsixmonths.3.當(dāng)先行詞是世界上獨一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性定語從句。4.當(dāng)先行詞是唯一親屬,使用非限制性定語從句。ProfessorWanghasason,whoworksin

Beijing.三、使用非限制性定語從句時的注意事項5.

當(dāng)先行詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時,使用非限制性定語從句。Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.6.most/each/few/some/any/none/both/all/neither/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)/數(shù)字+

of

+

which/whomLater,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.non-restrictiveattributiveclause小試牛刀篇小試牛刀non-restrictiveattributiveclauseUnderlinetheattributiveclausesandnamethetwotypesofclauses1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.RestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause1234Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclause.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently1Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.Ineachcase,therearetwoshortsentenceswhichsoundseparatetoeachother.Bycombiningthetwosimplesentencestogetherusingnon-restrictiverelative

clause,thesentencebecomesmorevariedandhasbetterflow.ConclusionWorkingroups.Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclausetogiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmember.EXAMPLEI’dliketotry…,…I’dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.1Iwouldliketotravelaround…,…2Whatimpressedmemost…,…3Myfavouritescientistis…,…IwouldliketotravelaroundSichuanProvince,whereJiuzhaigoulocates.Whatimpressedmemostaboutthefilmwastheending,whichwasquitemoving.MyfavouritescientistisNikolaTesla,whowasquitebrilliantbutalsohadsomecrazyideas.4Finallywearrivedat…,…5Mygrandparentslike…,…6Iwishtoobtain…,…7Mybestfriend…,…Finallywearrivedatthezoo,whichwasclosedforrepairs.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,whichisgoodfortheirhealth.Iwishtoobtainadrivinglicence,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttodriveacar.Mybestfriendcametovisitlastweek,whichwasthefirsttimeIhadseenhiminyears.1.(2019·浙江卷·語法填空)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_____________givesofflightinthedark.2.(2019·北京卷·語法填空)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3.(2018·全國I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.4.(2018·全國II)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram___________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.高考鏈接that/whichwhothat/whichwhich/that5.(2015·江蘇,21)Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

6.(2015·湖南,29)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.

7.(2015·浙江,19)Creatinganatmospherein________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.

8.(2015·四川,3)Thebooksonthedesk,________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

aswhichwhosewhich1.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,______ishowwe

arrived.2.____hewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn’thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.3.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_________myclassmatesrecommendtome.4.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.5.Untilnow,wehaveraised5000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.6.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.whichAswhichaswhich

that和why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。forwhich

Task17.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostof

arebeyondourcontrol.8.TheScienceMuseum,

wevisitedduringarece