浙江省紹興市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月選考科目診斷性考試英語

2023年11月紹興市高考科目診斷性考試英語第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動，用像皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上：如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A.Hewentoutforawalk.B.Hehadagooddrink.C.Hewatchedamovie.2HowwillEricgototheconference?A.Bysubway.B.Bycar.C.Bytaxi.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomancantryonabluedress.B.Thedresssuitsthewomanwellinlength.C.Stronglightsinfluencethechoiceofcolor.4.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Onatrain.C.Onaplane.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Schedulesforasummercamp.B.Preparationsforatrip.C.Tipsforbookinghotels.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatisthewomanprobably?A.Asaleswoman.B.Apoliceofficer.C.Atrafficschoolinstructor.7.Howmanyhoursadayonaveragearerequiredforthecoursestudy?A.Twohours.B.Threehours.C.Sixhours.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.WhydoesDavidcallMary?A.Toaskforalift.B.Toadvisehertogetrelaxed.C.Tohelphimwithhomework.9.WhattaskdoesMaryhavetofinishnextTuesday?A.Takeaphysicsexam.B.Submitabookreport.C.Finishanoralpresentation.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.HowdoesJanetfeelaboutthesituationofcamerashopsinthetown?A.Embarrassed.B.Surprised.C.Ashamed.11WhichcamerashopisColinvisiting?A.TheoneonDixonStreet.B.TheoneonEdgarStreet.C.TheoneonHatfieldStreet.12.WhydosomecamerashopscloseaccordingtoColin?A.Camerasareold-fashioned.B.Goodphotoscanbetakenwithphones.C.ThingspurchasedontheInternetcostless.13.WhatisColin’splanthisweekend?A.Buyingsomememorycards.B.Takingphotosforawedding.C.Attendingtohisfriends’kids.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhendidJenniferstartcooking?A.Asachild.B.Asamother.C.Asareporter.15.WhatisSimple,FastandHealthy?A.Awomen’smagazine.B.Afoodblog.C.Arecipecollection.16.WhatledJennifertostartwritingaboutfood?A.Herloveforwriting.B.Herfinancialburden.C.Herdesireforanaward.17.WhoaretheintendedreadersofJennifer’sblog?A.Full-timemoms.B.Herfamilymembers.C.Busymothers.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whydoesthecompanyorganizethetrainingprogramforitsstaff?A.Tobuilduptheirteamspirit.B.Toenhancetheirleadershipskills.C.Toencouragethemtotakeadventures.19.Whatwillthelecturesfocuson?A.Howtobuildpublicrelations.B.Howtoachievepeople’slifegoals.C.Howtoimprovelongdistancerunning.20.Howwilltheprogramassesstheparticipants?A.Byorganizingatestattheendoftheprogram.B.Byrecordingtheirperformanceinareport.C.Bygradingtheirabilitytosolvetoughproblems.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AUSATODAY’SBest-sellingBooklistUSATODAYcollectssalesdatafrombooksellersrepresentingavarietyofoutlets:bookstorechains,independentbookstores,masssellers,andonlineretailers.Usingthatdata,wedeterminethe150top-sellingtitlesoftheweek.Thetop150arepublishedonlineWednesdaysat6a.m.TherankingsreflectsalesfromthepreviousMondaythroughSunday.FourthWingbyYarros,Rebecca“Suspensefulandwithincrediblyentertainingstorytelling,thefirstinYarros’Empyreanserieswilldelightfansofromantic,adventure-filledfantasy.”—Booklist,starredreview“FourthWingwillhaveyourheartpoundingfrombeginningtoend...Afantasylikeyou’veneverreadbefore.”―#1NewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorJenniferL.●Genre:Fantasy-Epic,Fantasy-Romantic●Published:May02,2023●PreviousRank:1TomLakebyPatchett,AnnInthisbeautifulandmovingnovelaboutfamily,love,andgrowingup,AnnPatchettonceagainprovesherselfoneofAmerica’sfinestwriters.“AnnPatchettleadsustoatruththatfeelslikeliferatherthanliterature.”—TheGuardian●Genre:Literary,FamilyLife-General,ComingofAge●Published:August01,2023●PreviousRank:2SafeandSound:ARenter-FriendlyGuidetoHomeRepairbyStardust,MercuryDon’tpanic—MercuryStardust,AKATheTransHandyMa’amisheretohelp!Fortoomanypeople,thesimpleactofcontactingarepairpersoncanfeellikeagameofchance.Ifyou’veeverfeltpanickedaboutopeningyourhometostrangersinordertofixamaintenanceissue,thisbookisforyou.●Genre:Maintenance&Repair,Reference●Published:August22,2023●PreviousRank:n/a1.WhatdoesUSATodaydotoensurethereliabilityofitsbestsellingbooklist?A.Takingthereaders’reviewsintoaccount.B.Layingemphasisonthebooks’previousranks.C.Makingthelistbasedonthebooks’monthlysales.D.Obtainingsalesdatafromdifferentdistributionchannels.2.WhatdoFourthWingandTomLakehaveincommonaccordingtothereviews?A.BothcameoutintheAugustof2023.B.Bothareconnectedwiththefutureoffamilylife.C.BothappearedinthepreviousrankoftheBooklist.D.BothwritersarebestsellingauthorsofNewYorkTimes.3.WhichbookisprobablythemostpopularwithDIYlovers?A.FourthWing B.SafeandSound:ARenter-FriendlyGuidetoHomeRepairC.TomLake D.TheGuardian【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了今日美國最暢銷的書單。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“USATODAYcollectssalesdatafrombooksellersrepresentingavarietyofoutlets:bookstorechains,independentbookstores,masssellers,andonlineretailers.Usingthatdata,wedeterminethe150top-sellingtitlesoftheweek.”（USATODAY從代表各種書店的書商那里收集銷售數(shù)據(jù)：連鎖書店、獨(dú)立書店、大眾賣家和在線零售商。利用這些數(shù)據(jù)，我們確定了本周最暢銷的150本書）可知，USAToday從不同分銷渠道獲取銷售數(shù)據(jù)確保其暢銷書單的可靠性。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FourthWingbyYarros,Rebecca中的“PreviousRank:1”以及TomLakebyPatchett,Ann中的“PreviousRank:2”可知，F(xiàn)ourthWing和TomLake共同之處是兩者都出現(xiàn)在之前的書單排名中。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SafeandSound:ARenter-FriendlyGuidetoHomeRepairbyStardust,Mercury中的“Ifyou’veeverfeltpanickedaboutopeningyourhometostrangersinordertofixamaintenanceissue,thisbookisforyou.”（如果你曾經(jīng)為了解決維護(hù)問題而對向陌生人開放你的家感到恐慌，這本書就是給你的。）可知，SafeandSound:ARenter-FriendlyGuidetoHomeRepair受到DIY愛好者的喜歡。故選B項(xiàng)。BItwasasunnyafternooninJuneof2022when20-year-oldAnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.Ontheplatform,twomenwerefightingbitterly.Thentheunthinkablehappened:thepairfellovertheedgeandontothetracks.Onemanendeduponhisback.Suddenly,hestartedconvulsing(抽搐)unnaturally.Hehadfallenonthethirdrail,theconduit(導(dǎo)線管)forthe600voltsofelectricitythatpowersChicago’sLtrains.Theaggressorleapedbackward,boundedbackupontotheplatformanddisappeared.Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereandwatch.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.Hetookafewquickboundsandapproachedthevictim.Theguylookeddead,hisbodystillmovingviolentlyastheelectricitypulsed(搏動).Gatheringuphiscourage,Perryreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.Instantly,hefeltablastofelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryshrankandjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearmand,bravingtheshock,pulledwithallhisstrength.Theguy’sbodyslidbrieflyalongthethirdrail,comingtorestonthegravelontheouteredgeofthetracks.Themanwasbreathing,butirregularly.Somethingwasn’tright.“Givehimchestcompressions(按壓)!”yelledawoman.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimbeganconvulsing.Thenheheardasuddennoisebehindhim—medicalworkersandfirefightershadarrived.Perrylettheprofessionalstakeover.Hisheartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandheadedhome.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident.Afterafriendoutedhimtothemedia,PerrybecamethetoastofChicago.PerrywasthenrecruitedbytheChicagoFireDepartmentandisnowtrainingtobeanemergencymedicaltechnician.4.Whatmadetherescueofthevictimparticularlydifficult?A.Themanhadlosthisconsciousness.B.Thevictimlayinjuredontopofatrack.C.Therescuerwasatriskofanelectricshock.D.Theelectricitypoweringtrainswashardtocutoff.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPerryaccordingtoparagraphs3—4?A.Hehadreceivedprofessionalfirstaidtraining.B.Thelocalnewspaperinterviewedhimonthespot.C.Hischestcompressionsplayedakeyroleinsavinglife.D.Hisheartbeatfastbecauseofnervousnessandtiredness.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4mean?A.PerrylandedajobintheFireDepartment.B.ThecityofChicagoawardedPerryaprize.C.PeopleinChicagotoastedPerryforhisbravedeeds.D.PerrygotpopularandgreatlyadmiredinChicago.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tocreditaherowithsavingavictim’slife.B.TohighlightPerry’scourageinstoppingafight.C.Tostresstheimportanceofcalmnessinrescuework.D.Todisplaypeople’scooperationinassistingthevictim.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了AnthonyPerry在火車站看到跌落在鐵軌上的受害者后，不顧個人的安危勇敢地進(jìn)行救助的英勇故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Onemanendeduponhisback.Suddenly,hestartedconvulsing(抽搐)unnaturally.Hehadfallenonthethirdrail,theconduit(導(dǎo)線管)forthe600voltsofelectricitythatpowersChicago’sLtrains.(一個人最終倒地。突然，他開始不自然地抽搐起來。他摔在了第三根鐵軌上，那是為芝加哥L型列車提供600伏電力的導(dǎo)線管)”和第二段中“Instantly,hefeltablastofelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.(瞬間，他感到一陣電擊穿過他的身體)”可知，受害者摔在了通電的導(dǎo)線管上，因?yàn)橛|電而抽搐，Perry嘗試救他的時候被電擊了。由此可知，救助者有觸電的危險使救助變得尤其困難。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Themanwasbreathing,butirregularly.Somethingwasn’tright.“Givehimchestcompressions(按壓)!”yelledawoman.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimbeganconvulsing.(那人還在呼吸，但不規(guī)律。有些地方不對勁?！敖o他做胸部按壓！”一個女人喊道。Perry不是專家，但他在這個人的心臟上按壓了一會兒，直到受害者開始抽搐)”可知，受害人剛被救出的時候，呼吸不規(guī)律，情況很不好，在Perry做完胸部按壓后，他開始抽搐，情況好轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，Perry的胸部按壓對挽救生命起了關(guān)鍵作用。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前面三段講述的AnthonyPerry在火車站英勇救助跌落在鐵軌上的受害者，以及劃線詞的上文“Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident.Afterafriendoutedhimtothemedia(晚間新聞報(bào)道了這一事件。在一個朋友向媒體透露他之后)”可推知，觀眾在知道是AnthonyPerry做出這樣英勇無私的舉動后，應(yīng)該會非常敬佩這位英雄。由此推知，劃線句意思應(yīng)該是Perry成了芝加哥受歡迎和尊敬的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了AnthonyPerry英勇救人故事，在火車站看到跌落在鐵軌上的受害者后，他不顧觸電的危險，勇敢地救出了受害者，并及時幫受害者做了胸部按壓，事后低調(diào)地離開。由此推知，作者的寫作目的是贊揚(yáng)拯救受害者生命的英雄。故選A項(xiàng)。COvercominglearningdisabilitieshaslongbeenachallengeforeducatorsandstudentsalike.However,recentadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)technologyhaveshownpromiseinrevolutionizingthewayweapproacheducationforstudentswithlearningdisabilities.OneofthemostsignificantwaysAIcanassististhroughtheuseofadaptivelearningsystems.Thesesystemsusealgorithms(算法)toanalyzeastudent’sperformanceandadjustthelearningcontentandpaceaccordingly.Thispersonalizedapproachallowsthemtoprogressattheirownpace,withoutfeelingoverwhelmedorleftbehind.Furthermore,adaptivelearningsystemscanidentifyareaswhereastudentmaybestrugglingandprovidetargetedsupport.AnotherwayAIcansupportthemisthroughnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)technology.NLPenablescomputerstounderstandandinterprethumanlanguage,allowingAI-poweredtoolstoprovidereal-timefeedbackonastudent’swrittenwork.Thiscanbeparticularlybeneficialforstudentswithdyslexia,whooftenstrugglewithspelling,grammar,andsentencestructure.Byprovidingimmediatefeedback,studentscanidentifyandcorrecttheirmistakes,leadingtoimprovedwritingskillsandincreasedconfidence.AIcanalsoplayaroleindevelopingtheirsocialandemotionalskills.Manystudentswithlearningdisabilitiesexperiencesocialisolation.AI-poweredsocialrobotscanrecognizeandrespondtohumanemotions,allowingstudentstoengageininteractiveconversationsandactivitiesthathelpdeveloptheirsocialandemotionalintelligence.WhilethepotentialbenefitsofAIineducationareclear,itisessentialtorecognizeAIisn’taone-size-fits-allsolution.EducatorsmustcarefullyconsiderthemoralimplicationsofusingAIintheclassroomandensurethesetoolsareusedresponsiblyandwiththebestinterestsofthestudentsinmind.Moreover,itiscrucialtorememberAIshouldn’treplacehumaneducatorsbutratherserveasatooltoenhanceandsupporttheirefforts.Teachersplayavitalrolebyprovidingempathy,understanding,andguidancethatcannotbereproducedbyamachine.BycombiningthepowerofAIwiththeskillsandcompassionofhumaneducators,wecancreateamoreinclusiveandeffectiveeducationalenvironmentforallstudents.8.Howcanadaptivesystemshelpstudentswithlearningdisabilities?A.Byadjustingtheirlearningmethods. B.Byanalyzingtheirlearningabilities.C.Bysatisfyingtheircuriosityinlearning. D.Byofferingpersonalizedlearningassistance.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dyslexia”inparagraph3referto?A.Amentalillnessaffectinghumanintelligence.B.Abraindiseaseleadingtolackofconfidenceinstudy.C.Alanguage-relatedskillappliedinthelearningprocess.D.Alearningdisorderinvolvingdifficultyinreadingandwriting.10.WhatisthevalueofAI-poweredsocialrobots?A.Engagingstudentsinlearningactivities. B.Narrowingthesocialdistancebetweenpeople.C.Assistinglearnerstoovercomesocialisolation. D.Helpinglearnersadopteffectivereadingstrategies.11.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAIinthelastparagraph?A.Itcan’tprovideunderstandinglikehumaneducators.B.Itcan’tcreateaninclusivelearningenvironment.C.Itcanmeetawiderangeoflearningneeds.D.Itcanguaranteelearners’datasecurity.【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能在幫助學(xué)生克服學(xué)習(xí)障礙方面以及提高社交和情感技能方面可以發(fā)揮的作用。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesesystemsusealgorithms(算法)toanalyzeastudent’sperformanceandadjustthelearningcontentandpaceaccordingly.Thispersonalizedapproachallowsthemtoprogressattheirownpace,withoutfeelingoverwhelmedorleftbehind.Furthermore,adaptivelearningsystemscanidentifyareaswhereastudentmaybestrugglingandprovidetargetedsupport.(這些系統(tǒng)使用算法來分析學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)，并相應(yīng)地調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容和節(jié)奏。這種個性化的方法可以讓他們按照自己的節(jié)奏進(jìn)步，而不會感到不知所措或落后。此外，適應(yīng)性學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)可以識別學(xué)生可能掙扎的領(lǐng)域，并提供有針對性的支持)”可知，適應(yīng)性系統(tǒng)通過提供個性化的學(xué)習(xí)幫助有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的學(xué)生。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“whooftenstrugglewithspelling,grammar,andsentencestructure”可知，who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞studentswithdyslexia，說明患有dyslexia學(xué)生經(jīng)常在拼寫、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上掙扎，即存在包括讀寫困難的學(xué)習(xí)障礙。故劃線詞意思是“一種包括讀寫困難的學(xué)習(xí)障礙”。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AI-poweredsocialrobotscanrecognizeandrespondtohumanemotions,allowingstudentstoengageininteractiveconversationsandactivitiesthathelpdeveloptheirsocialandemotionalintelligence.(人工智能社交機(jī)器人可以識別并回應(yīng)人類的情緒，讓學(xué)生參與互動對話和活動，幫助發(fā)展他們的社交和情商)”可知，人工智能社交機(jī)器人的價值是幫助學(xué)習(xí)者克服社會孤立。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Moreover,itiscrucialtorememberAIshouldn’treplacehumaneducatorsbutratherserveasatooltoenhanceandsupporttheirefforts.Teachersplayavitalrolebyprovidingempathy,understanding,andguidancethatcannotbereproducedbyamachine.(此外，重要的是要記住，人工智能不應(yīng)該取代人類教育工作者，而應(yīng)該作為一種工具來加強(qiáng)和支持他們的努力。教師通過提供機(jī)器無法復(fù)制的同理心、理解和指導(dǎo)，發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用)”可知，人工智能不能像人類教育者那樣提供理解。故選A。DInagroundbreakingeffort,scientistsattheUniversityofRochesterhavesuccessfullytransferredalongevitygenefromnakedmoleratstomice,leadingtoenhancedhealthandalongerlifespanforthemice.Unlikemanyotherspecies,theratsdonotoftencontractdiseases—includingcancer—astheyage.VeraGorbunova,theDorisJohnsCherryProfessorofbiologyandmedicineatRochester,alongwithAndreiSeluanov,aprofessorofbiology,andtheircolleagueshavedevoteddecadesofresearchtounderstandingtheuniquemechanisms(機(jī)制)thatthenakedmoleratsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstaginganddiseases.TheresearchersdiscoveredthatHMW-HAisonemechanismresponsiblefortherats’unusualresistancetocancer.Comparedtomiceandhumans,nakedmoleratshaveabouttentimesmoreHMW-HAintheirbodies.WhentheresearchersremovedHMW-HAfromtheratcells,thecellsweremorelikelytoformtumors(腫瘤).“Ourstudyprovidesaproofofprinciplethatuniquelongevitymechanismsthatevolvedinlong-livedmammalscanbeexportedtoimprovethelifespansofothermammals,”saysGorbunova.TheRochesterresearchersreportinastudypublishedinNaturethattheysuccessfullytransferredageneresponsibleformakingHMW-HAfromanakedmolerattomice.Thisledtoimprovedhealthandanapproximate4.4percentincreaseinthemedianlifespanforthemice.Byintroducingaspecificgeneresponsibleforenhancedcellularrepairandprotectionintomice,theresearchershaveopenedexcitingpossibilitiesforunlockingthesecretsofagingandextendinghumanlifespan.“Ittookus10yearsfromthediscoveryofHMW-HAinthenakedmolerattoshowingthatHMW-HAimproveshealthinmice,”Gorbunovasays.“Ournextgoalistotransferthisbenefittohumans.”Theybelievetheycanaccomplishthisthroughtworoutes:eitherbyslowingdownthedegradationofHMW-HAorbyenhancingHMW-HAsynthesis.“Wehopethatourfindingswillprovidethefirst,butnotthelast,exampleofhowlongevityadaptationsfromalong-livedspeciescanbeadaptedtobenefithumanlongevityandhealth.”Seluanovsays.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?AThebeneficialeffectsofHMW-HAonhumans.B.Thecomparisonbetweenmiceandhumansinlongevity.C.TheprocessoftransferringgenesproducingHMW-HA.D.Thediscoveryofauniquemechanismforcancerresistance.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheRochesterresearchers?A.Theyhaveuncoveredthesecretsofhumans.B.TheymanagedtoendtheweakeningofHMW-HA.C.Theyareplanningtoexportlongevitygenestohumans.D.Theyhavespent10yearstryingtodiscoverHMW-HA.14.WhatdoesSeluanovthinkoftheprospectofextendinghumanlifespan?A.Hopeful. B.Profitable. C.Doubtful. D.Uncertain.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PromiseShowninControlofHumanGenesB.ScientistsSuccessfullyTransferLongevityGeneC.AchievementMadeinExtendingHumanLifespanD.NewBreakthroughPavestheWayforCuringCancer【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性的努力中，羅切斯特大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們成功地將一種長壽基因從裸鼴鼠轉(zhuǎn)移到老鼠身上，使老鼠更健康，壽命更長。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及未來的研究方向?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“VeraGorbunova,theDorisJohnsCherryProfessorofbiologyandmedicineatRochester,alongwithAndreiSeluanov,aprofessorofbiology,andtheircolleagueshavedevoteddecadesofresearchtounderstandingtheuniquemechanisms(機(jī)制)thatthenakedmoleratsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstaginganddiseases.TheresearchersdiscoveredthatHMW-HAisonemechanismresponsiblefortherats’unusualresistancetocancer.Comparedtomiceandhumans,nakedmoleratshaveabouttentimesmoreHMW-HAintheirbodies.WhentheresearchersremovedHMW-HAfromtheratcells,thecellsweremorelikelytoformtumors(腫瘤).(羅徹斯特大學(xué)多麗絲·約翰·切里生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)教授VeraGorbunova和生物學(xué)教授AndreiSeluanov以及他們的同事花了幾十年的時間研究裸鼴鼠保護(hù)自己免受衰老和疾病侵害的獨(dú)特機(jī)制。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，HMW-HA是導(dǎo)致老鼠對癌癥具有不同尋常抵抗力的機(jī)制之一。與小鼠和人類相比，裸鼴鼠體內(nèi)的HMW-HA含量大約是人類的10倍。當(dāng)研究人員從大鼠細(xì)胞中去除HMW-HA時，這些細(xì)胞更有可能形成腫瘤。)”可知，第二段主要講了發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種獨(dú)特的抗癌機(jī)制。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Byintroducingaspecificgeneresponsibleforenhancedcellularrepairandprotectionintomice,theresearchershaveopenedexcitingpossibilitiesforunlockingthesecretsofagingandextendinghumanlifespan.(通過將一種負(fù)責(zé)增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞修復(fù)和保護(hù)的特定基因引入小鼠體內(nèi)，研究人員為解開衰老和延長人類壽命的秘密開辟了令人興奮的可能性。)”以及“Ournextgoalistotransferthisbenefittohumans.(我們的下一個目標(biāo)是將這種益處轉(zhuǎn)移到人類身上。)”可知，羅切斯特大學(xué)的研究人員計(jì)劃向人類輸出長壽基因。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wehopethatourfindingswillprovidethefirst,butnotthelast,exampleofhowlongevityadaptationsfromalong-livedspeciescanbeadaptedtobenefithumanlongevityandhealth.(我們希望我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)將提供第一個，而不是最后一個例子，說明長壽物種的長壽適應(yīng)性如何有益于人類的長壽和健康)”可推知，Seluanov對延長人類壽命的前景充滿希望。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inagroundbreakingeffort,scientistsattheUniversityofRochesterhavesuccessfullytransferredalongevitygenefromnakedmoleratstomice,leadingtoenhancedhealthandalongerlifespanforthemice.(在一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性的努力中，羅切斯特大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們成功地將一種長壽基因從裸鼴鼠轉(zhuǎn)移到老鼠身上，使老鼠更健康，壽命更長。)”結(jié)合文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及未來的研究方向?？芍珺選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家成功轉(zhuǎn)移長壽基因”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PelotonstarBenAlldisshareshis“foreverexercise”tipsformaintainingahealthylifestyle.●Startsmall.Somethingassimpleasgoingforawalkinnatureisincrediblybeneficialforourmentalandphysicalhealth.____16____Behonestaboutwhereyou’dliketogetto,andputsmallstepsinplacetomakeimprovements.●Mixupyourtraining.There’srealbenefitinjustmovingyourbodythroughthingslikewalkingtoworkandgardening.Ithinktheconceptofexercisebeing“overhere”,andtheneverythingelsebeing“overthere”,istoolimiting.Itneedstobemoreinclusive.____17____●Besmartwithyourdiary.Iliketotalkabout“energygivers”versus“energytakers”.Energytakersarethingslikespendingtoomuchtimeonsocialmediaandbingedrinking;whileexerciseandgoodfoodareenergygivers.Iwasanathletegrowingup,thenIwentintofinanceinmy20sandlostmyselftotally.____18____ButwhenIchangedmylifestyle,myproductivitylevelsincreased.●Giveprioritytosleep.IreadMatthewWalker’sbookWhyWeSleep:TheNewScienceofSleepandDreams.____19____Isawadramaticinfluenceonmyproductivitylevelsandabilitytojustfunction.SoI’lllookatwhatIdidlastnightbeforeIwenttobed,andthenlookattheimpactithadonmysleep.Understandyourbodyclock.Everyonehasadifferentrhythm—somepeopleworkbetterlaterintheday,othersprefertogetupearly.Sothemostimportantthingisfindingtherighttimeforyou.____20____Ifyouprioritiseyourhealthasmuchasyouprioritiseotherthings,andscheduleitinyourdiarylikeameeting,it’sfarmorelikelytohappen.A.I’velearnttoscheduleworkouts.B.Ifcycling’syourusualthing,withtennisoryoga.C.Ifyourunoutofmotivation,changeyourworkoutroutine.D.Itinspiredmetodigdeeplyintosleepandprioritizeit.E.I’drecommendtakinganassessmentofwhereyouaretoday.F.Ididn’thaveagymmembership,orhavetimetoworkout.G.Slowlyyoumakeimprovements,andthequalityofyoursleepgetsbetter.【答案】16.E17.B18.F19.D20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹Peloton明星BenAlldis分享的保持健康生活方式的“永遠(yuǎn)鍛煉”秘訣?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“●Startsmall.Somethingassimpleasgoingforawalkinnatureisincrediblybeneficialforourmentalandphysicalhealth.(從小事做起。像在大自然中散步這樣簡單的事情對我們的身心健康非常有益)”以及后文“Behonestaboutwhereyou’dliketogetto,andputsmallstepsinplacetomakeimprovements.(誠實(shí)地說出你想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，并采取適當(dāng)?shù)男〔襟E來改進(jìn))”可知，后文提到了說出要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，并采取適當(dāng)?shù)男〔襟E來改進(jìn)，說明要先對情況進(jìn)行評估，然后制定目標(biāo)。故E選項(xiàng)“我建議你對自己今天的情況做一個評估”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“●Mixupyourtraining.There’srealbenefitinjustmovingyourbodythroughthingslikewalkingtoworkandgardening.Ithinktheconceptofexercisebeing“overhere”,andtheneverythingelsebeing“overthere”,istoolimiting.Itneedstobemoreinclusive.(●混合你的訓(xùn)練。通過步行上班和園藝等活動來鍛煉身體確實(shí)有好處。我認(rèn)為把運(yùn)動放在“這邊”，其他的都放在“那邊”的概念太局限了。它需要更具包容性)”可知，本段的主旨是混合各種運(yùn)動，故B選項(xiàng)“如果你平時喜歡騎自行車，那就把它和網(wǎng)球或瑜伽混在一起”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“●Besmartwithyourdiary.Iliketotalkabout“energygivers”versus“energytakers”.Energytakersarethingslikespendingtoomuchtimeonsocialmediaandbingedrinking;whileexerciseandgoodfoodareenergygivers.Iwasanathletegrowingup,thenIwentintofinanceinmy20sandlostmyselftotally.(●聰明地寫日記。我喜歡談?wù)摗澳芰拷o予者”和“能量索取者”。精力消耗者指的是花太多時間在社交媒體上和酗酒；而運(yùn)動和良好的食物是能量的來源。我小時候是一名運(yùn)動員，然后在20多歲的時候進(jìn)入了金融業(yè)，完全迷失了自我)”可知，本句承接上文，說明“我”20歲時候的一些情況：沒有健身房會員卡，也沒有時間鍛煉。故F選項(xiàng)“我沒有健身房會員卡，也沒有時間鍛煉”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“●Giveprioritytosleep.IreadMatthewWalker’sbookWhyWeSleep:TheNewScienceofSleepandDreams.(●優(yōu)先考慮睡眠。我讀了馬修·沃克的書《我們?yōu)槭裁此X：睡眠與夢的新科學(xué)》)”可知，本句承接上文說明這本書對作者的影響：激勵我深入研究睡眠，并將其列為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。故D選項(xiàng)“它激勵我深入研究睡眠，并將其列為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Understandyourbodyclock.Everyonehasadifferentrhythm—somepeopleworkbetterlaterintheday,othersprefertogetupearly.Sothemostimportantthingisfindingtherighttimeforyou.(了解你的生物鐘。每個人都有不同的節(jié)奏——有些人在一天的晚些時候工作得更好，有些人則喜歡早起。所以最重要的是為你找到合適的時間)”以及后文“Ifyouprioritiseyourhealthasmuchasyouprioritiseotherthings,andscheduleitinyourdiarylikeameeting,it’sfarmorelikelytohappen.(如果你把健康看得和其他事情一樣重要，并把它像會議一樣安排在你的日記里，那就更有可能實(shí)現(xiàn))”可知，后文提到了健康，上文提到了根據(jù)生物鐘找到合適的時間，說明本句與找時間安排鍛煉，保持健康有關(guān)。故A選項(xiàng)“我學(xué)會了安排鍛煉”符合語境，故選A。第三部分：語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HearingtheOlympicswerecomingtoVancouver,Idecidedtogoforitsvoluntarywork.I’dforgottenwhatitwasliketoputmyselfouttheretomakefriends.IwasgladIdidn’thaveanyoneIknewwithmebecauseIwouldn’thavemetCallie____21____.Takingtheriskofsittingbyherstarteda____22____.Istillkeepintouchwithher.Asnightfellbeforetheopeningceremonies,IwasstationedoutsidetheMMC.Accentsfromallover____23____myears.Thegamesseemedto____24____thewholeworld.Suddenly,Icouldseepeoplerunningtowardtheharbour.IturnedtoCallie,“Isn’tthatthewaytothetorch(火炬)?”Welookedateachotherandstartedtorun.MyheartpoundedasIsprinted.Theairseemedtobe____25____witheveryone’sexcitement,likeakindofelectricenergypulsingthroughus.I’dneverfelta(n)____26____likeitbefore.Then,fireworks____27____intotheairaboveus.Theirbrightcolorsglitteredagainstthedarksky.Ihad____28____thelightingofthetorchmanytimesonTV,buttoactuallyseeit____29____wasamazing.Whenthelastofthefireworks____30____,therestoodtheOlympictorchunveiled(揭幕)inallits____31____withitsflameslickingatthenightsky.Evennow,Icanstillremembertheheatfromthetorch.Ihadbeenoneofthe____32____MMCstafftowalkunderneathitwhileitburned.Abeacon(燈塔)of____33____forthefuture.Istoodforamomentrightunderit,listeningtothe____34____voicesofmynewfriends,andIknewI’dmadeoneofthebest____35____ofmylife.21.A.otherwise B.therefore C.however D.instead22.A.conversation B.cooperation C.friendship D