初二英語語法知識

優(yōu)質資料歡迎下載優(yōu)質資料歡迎下載優(yōu)質資料歡迎下載初中八年級英語語法知識點棋類、球類前不加the，樂器前加theThegirlistwelveyearsold【表語】Sheisatwelve-year-oldgirl【定語】Heowns(v.)aChineserestaurant.have（has）=ownHehasaChineserestaurantofhisown.（n.）wouldliketo=wanttobekeenon=beinterestedin=befondofonemetreandahalftall=oneandahalfmetrestallaphotoofme（myself）Eg.Apenofmyfather.【一者有生命用賓格】Eg.afriendofmine/afriendofmyfather's【兩者都有生命用雙重屬格】8、字母：aefhilmnorsx發(fā)音發(fā)原因9、maybe=possibly=perhaps=probably10、IhopethatIwilltobe……Ihopetobe……Ihopeyouwillwritetomesoon.【賓語從句，從主不一致可以省略that】Put……inJonenclosedtwophotosoftheletter=Jonputtwophotosinhieletter.Newcastleisinthenorth-eastofEngland.【大小包容關系】13、answertothequestion=thekeytothequestionIenclosedaphotoofmyfather'friends【不屬于雙重屬格】Ittakesmeoneandahalfhourtogotoschooleveryday.Ispendinoneandahalfhourtogotoschooleveryday.spendon+錢spendin+時間spend+doingIlikeskiingbetterthanplayingchess.【=Iprefer……（+v.）to……（+n.）】inthetop-lefcornerdistance（n.）distant(adv.)Howmuchdoesanumbrellacost?=Howmuchisannumber?colour（adj.）-coloured有顏色的-colourful五彩繽紛的四十forty第四十fortieth第九ninthevennumber偶數(shù)addnumber奇數(shù)cardinalnumbers基數(shù)詞ordinalnumbers序數(shù)詞Howlong-doesshespendintakingabustoschooleveryday?-doesittakeshertogoto……europe（n.）歐洲European（adj.）歐洲的（n.）歐洲人Greece（n.）希臘Greek（adj.）希臘的（n.）希臘人Germany（adj.）①德語（n.）②……人（a）German-GermansEg.AgirlfromGermanyGerman-Germans.Australian-AustraliansAmelican-AmericansJapanese-JapaneseChinese-Chinese.單復數(shù)同行Shanghainesepeople-Shanghainesepeople=Shanghailander（s）Taiwanese-Taiwanese臺灣human-humanshuman-humans-humanbeing（s）.walkman-walkmansGerman-Germansclose（v.）-open（v.）close（adj.）親近的、靠近的becloseto→（反）farawayfrom→（同）nearatweekends→（反）onweekdays（在工作日）Ihave（two）otherhobbies.（two）moreanother（two）arriveat=reacharrivedatBeijingRailwayStationbusiness-businessman（businesswoman）success（n.）-succeed（v.）-succeeded（p.v.）-successful（adj.）-successfully（adv.）A\must必須（義務）→needn'tEg.MustIdomyhomeworkimmediately?No,youneedn't.B\肯定（猜測）→can't不可能must-be事實mustbe→can'tbe-havedone已Eg.Theladyinyellowmustbetheirclassteacher.Hemusthaveatendinner,for（因為）hehassleptsleep-slept-sleptsucceedin=manageto=beableto→（反）benotableto=failtosucceed（v.）-succeeded（p.v.）luck（n.）-lucky（adj.）-luckily（adv.）unluckunlucky→fortunefortunatefortunatelyaskmetoassist=givesbahand=dosbafavourseller賣家sellman銷售人家sell（v.）sale（n.）beresponsiblefor=havedutyon=takechargeof=beinthechargeofBy+工具takedrivea\the\one's+工具ridemakeaphonecallsb=callsbpayavisittosp=visitspsimple（adj.)-simply（adv.）靈感來自：possible（adj.）-possibly（adv.）以o結尾：有生命+es無生命+s【黑人英雄喜歡吃番茄土豆】以o結尾：有電+s無電+esenough與adj.adv.后置\n.后置borinig=uninterestingtoo≠very≠so-a.sb.be……too……todosth.-bsth.be……too……forsbtodosth.Eg.①.Heistoofoolishtoanswermyquestions.↓Heissofoolishthathecan'tanswermyquestions.↓Heisn'tcleverenoughtoanswermyquestions.②.Thequestionistoodifficultforhimtoanswer.↓Thequestionissodifficultthathecan'tanswer.↓Thequestionisn'teasyenoughforhimtoanswer/too……to……=so……that……not……=notenoughto……太……不能……so……that……+肯定句=enough……to……+否定句=notenough……to……too……to……50、（P50\108\157\309\378）肯定allnone≥3三者都（不）\否定bothneither=2兩者都（不）注：either兩者中其中一個不（二選一）all（adj.）mysubjectsallof（peon.）mysubjectsfail（v.）→（反）pass（n.）failure失敗 （vt.）failtheexam【及物動詞】 （vi.）failtodo【不及物動詞】Eg.Hefailedtocatchtheearlybusthismorning.return（vi.）come\goback返回【不及物動詞】（vt.）giveback歸還【及物動詞】①.Hongkongrenturnedtoourmotherlandin1997.②.You'dbetterreturnyourbooktothelibraryintwodays.conutine（v.）繼續(xù)=goon\keep+doing【不間斷】+todo【間斷】dicuss（v.）-discussion（n.）assist（v.）-assistant（n.）decide（v.）-decision（n.）56、need（行為動詞）+n.（eg.muchsleep等）（情態(tài)動詞）+v.原型（eg.can等）參加：takepatin=joinin活動，比賽join團體組織attend出席會議、講座entrefor報名參加take考試polite（adj）-politely（adv.）→（反）impolit\impolitelygetup=getoutofbedgojoppingusetheinternet=suittheinternetperform（v.）表演-performer（n.）表演者-performance（n.）表演then-atthattimeWhat'sgoingon?=what'sup?=what'shappening?StareatExplain（v.）-explanation（n.）repeat=sayagainCanyourepeatyouraddress?=Couyousayyouraddressagain?文章等在報刊上用inEg.Todya'snewspaperhasaarticleaboutfestivals.=thereisanarticleaboutfestivalsintoday'snewspaper.byferry=onaferrysteal-stole-stolenAEuropeanboyseldom（adv.）-rarelyseldomhardlylittlefewnever表示否定的adv.happentohim（偶然:failuretroubledifficultyaccidents）happen（vi.）發(fā)生→無被動，無賓語↓takeplace（有計劃性的）Eg.AnearthquakehappeninSichuanPoveines.TheWorldExpotookplaceinShanghai.dealwith=dowithEg.Whatdoyoudowiththematter?=Howdoyoudealwiththematter?argue（v.）-arguing（v-ing）-argument（n.）sthhappentosb.（sbhappentodosth.）某人碰巧發(fā)生某事Eg.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohimthismorning.Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmine.through【縱向（障礙物）】across【橫向】cver【兩旁高于水平面】anunusualthingIdon'tknowhowtodealwiththetrouble?=Idon'tknowwhattodowiththetrouble?Empty（n.）→（反）full（n.）Empty（n.）→（反）full（v.）在人說話中，陳述事件（剛發(fā)生有時間限制）用過去式wasgone①系表結構②被動語態(tài)follow（v.）-followed（p.v.）-following（v-ing）接下來Hurry（v.）-hurrytos.p.→gotos.p.inahurry-hurryoff→leaveinhurry\leavehurriedly【注：hurry沒有adv.不是hurrily.adj.+ly=adv.V.→adj.+ly=adv.】Eg.Hewillgoabroadnextmonth.nearly（adv.）near（adv.）nearly=almost（adv.）nearly（adj.\adv.\perp.）在附近【定語】near（adj.\adv.\perp.）靠近【表、定語】pickup拾起\pick摘diall+telephonenumber\makeaphonecall+s.b.時間段+ago/before+時間點Eg.afewminutes/Eg.beforethreeo'clock車輛（例如：私家小汽車）getoutof/getinto船geton/getoff地點副詞：abroadaboardupstairsdownstairsheretherehomejust=onlyEg.Dadjustsmiled.reportatheftbeafraidofintime及時While①當……時（從句必須是進行時）②邊……邊……（s.b→s.b.主句從句都是同一人）Eg.Maryissingingwhilesheisdoing.③而（并列連詞）→并例句1）時態(tài)對等2）句意對立Eg.Somepeopleaswasthingfoodwhileotherscan'teat.describe（v.）-description（n.）regular（adj.）-regularly（adv.）→（反）irregular（adj.）welldone.=you'redoneagoodjob.①V原形+ed：happen-edshow-edstart-edfollow-edopen-edask-edlook-edwalk-ed②以字母e結尾+d：move-dnotice-d③以輔音字母y結尾變i+ed：hurry-hurriedcry-cried【注：stay-stayed元音字母以y結尾直接+ed】④以“輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母（w和y除外）”結尾，雙寫結尾的字母+ed：stop-stoppedprefer-preferredtravel-travelled⑤不變的：put-putcost-costlet-lethit-hit⑥不規(guī)則：am/is-was/werehold-heldknow-knewsay-saidrun–ranring-rangsteal-stolego-wentgive-gavetake–tookget-gotstand-stoodhears.b.dosth./hears.b.doingsth.聽到某人做了某事/聽到了某人正在做某事atthattime=moment=nowtell的固定搭配：①tellalie②tellthestory③tellthetime④tellthetruthputout熄滅putoutfire滅火sees.b.doing/sees.b.todo看見片段/看見全過程though雖然through穿過thought-think想throughout=allovertheworld遍及106、present（s）禮物parent（s）父母107、afull-timejob=apart-timejob108、either……or……：兩者中任意一個eg.eithersideofthestreet.neither……nor……：兩者都不……→（反）both……and……none……is……：三者或三者以上都不……→（反）all（P50\108\157\309\378）few幾乎沒有【否定】+c.n.afew有幾個=someseveral【肯定】little幾乎沒有【否定】+u.n.alittle有一點兒【肯定】Ihavethreeuncle,oneisateacher.Theothertwoaredoctor.（adj.）+n.）theother（做adj.）+n.（s）Ihavereceivedtwoletters.Oneisfrommymother,andtheotherisfrommyfriend.（有范圍）havegoneto去了（在路上）還沒回havebeento去了已回havesth,frorsupper晚飯以為主atsupper=oversupper=duringsupper在晚飯時有數(shù)詞無s無of，無數(shù)詞有s有ofonmywayhome=onmybackwayhomeasks.b.todosth.請某人做某事表目的：gotouniversity/gotocollege/gotoschool另一只手：yourotherhand/theotherhanddon'thaveto=needn't；don'tneedto+n./todosth.=needn'tdosh.needsth需要某物beonsale打折Salesmanager銷售經理Helikeshelpingothers.=Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.bereadytodosth.by不能加冠詞，應直接加方式的單數(shù)形式takeaship（在句中不能至于句末）onship=byshiplook后有at就是行為動詞+adv.Look后at就是連系動詞+adj.sadly（adv.）悲傷地sad（adj.）悲傷的angry（adj.）憤怒的angrily（adv.）憤怒地lastterm在句中，則句子時態(tài)用過去式loseyourtemper=getveryangry發(fā)脾氣Mydaughterbegantolearncookingwhenshewasfourteen.（同義）=Mydaughterdidn'tbegintocookinguntilshewasfourteen.except除了expect=lookforwardto期望expert（s）專家第九ninth第四十fortieth四十forty序數(shù)詞ordinalnumbers基數(shù)詞cardinalnumbers小數(shù)decimals分數(shù)fraction偶數(shù)evennumber奇數(shù)oddnumberthousandsof/threethousandof（有數(shù)詞無s無of無數(shù)詞有s無of）two-fifths.（分子基分母序，分子＞1，分母+s）invent-invention（n.）發(fā)明物-inventor（n.）發(fā)明家discover（v.）發(fā)現(xiàn)-discovery（v.）被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物-discoverer（n.）發(fā)現(xiàn)者calculate（v.）計算-calculation（n.）計算的結果-calculator（n.）計算器/計算者develop（v.）發(fā)展-development.（n.）發(fā)展hisownlanguage=nativelanguage=hismothertongueatleast→（反）atmosttimes=age時代thestoneAgethestoneTimes.nearby（adv.）在附近（adj.）附近的near（adv.）近，接近（adj.）近的，親近的（prep.）靠近，近似于nearly=almost.（adv.）havewordswith-arguewith-quarrelwith.142、electricity（n.）電；electronic（adj.）電子的；electric（adj.）帶電的，會觸電而死的eg.electriclight/fanelectrical（adj.）與電有關的eg.electricalengineer；electrician（n.）電工feellikedoirg=wouldliketodo143、solveproblem（difficultquestion）=answerthequestionsolve-solutiondieout→（反）existfiercer→（反）gentleharmful→（反）harmlessbeharmfulto=bebadfor=doharmto.morethan=over148、有的…有的Someother有的…有的…（無范圍）eg.Inluxunpart,somepeoplearefishing,othersareboatingsome…theother有的…其他的，剩下的(有范圍)eg.FifteenstudentsinmyclasshavebeentoBeijing,theothersarestillatschool.149、比較狀語從句（可比性）（1）than比較級adj+er+thaneg.TheweatherinshanghaiiswarmmerthantheweatherinBeijing（不能用Shanghai'sweather無生命不加'sThechairsinourclassroomaremorethanthechairsinclass2.（2）as+adj/adv.原級+as→（反）not…as…as（只能用于否定句）不如onearth究竟Eg.Whatonearthareyoudoing?151、May'sfatherbouhgtheranencyclopaedia.【雙賓語】Mayfatherboughtanencyclopediaforher.【復合賓語】五分之一（v.）+for(buy,give,make,sing,draw)152、Somedinosaurswereasgentleassheep【單復數(shù)同行】153、Tigerswerenotasfierceasdinosaurs-Dinosaurswerefiercerthantigers.-Tigersweregentlerthandinosaurs.SheisanIndianwomanwithanamazingbrain.=SheisawomanfromIndiawithanamazingbraineverywhere=hereandthere156diedeath(n)死，死亡，逝世，離世egHissuddendeathmadeussad.Dying 垂死的奄奄一息的dieadjdead死去的eg.peopledon'tlikedeadfishDeadly致命的eh.has/beendead.Thedeadlymadicinemadehisdie.bedyingfor極度渴望=eagerforeg.peopleinthedesertsclrebyingforwater.區(qū)分：Hediedtwoyearsago=Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears157、1.leave-beaway2.begin-beon3.join-bein4.buy-have5.borrow-keep6.die-bedead補充：lend-lent-lent瞬vcometo瞬v.moveinto瞬v.as…aspossible.=as…assbcan/could.Quickly/fastaspossible.Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkos soon159、muchalittleevenFarabitstill（后置）eg.happierstillfame（n.）榮譽+ous=famous（adj.）著名的eg.befamousfordanger（n.）危險+ous=dangerous（adj.）危險的amuse（v.）娛樂-amused（adj.）-amusing（adj.）.-amusement（n.）arrange（v.）安排-arrangement.（n.）create（v.）創(chuàng)造-creation（n.）創(chuàng)作-creative（adj.）創(chuàng)造性163、Afterleavingschool,hesoldnewspapersanddeliveredmail.=Hesoldnewspapersanddeliveredmailafterleavingschool.（簡單句）=Afterheleftschool,hesoldnewspapersanddelivered.Mail.（從句）teach-taughtbury-buriedDrognes'rsecretofbeinghappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible.Doyouwantto(Wouldyouliketo）haveanother(cupof)coffee?Waltdisney'smostfamouscharacterisMickeyMouse.限定詞+adj./adv.最高級allofthesudden=suddenlyThetallermanwasagedabout25=Thetallerwasamanofabout25may＞might171、Aboyofundernineteenyearsold=Aboywasagedundernineteen.（年齡作定語時用of）Five-eighthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls（當分數(shù)修飾主語看主語決定單復數(shù)）diedfrom（外因）diedof（內因）EgThesepeoplediedfromearthquarkebemadefrom（看不見原材料）bemadeof（看得見原材料）174、Thestorytellus-Howtodealwiththetrouble.-Whattodowiththetrouble.175、Howmuchdoyouweigh=what'syourweight?=howheavyareyou?176、bebirthto177、be（not）permittedto=be（not）allowedto178、Actionspeadlouderthanwords.事實勝于雄辯179、lost（adj.）迷失的lose-lost-lost（p.v.）waslost（adj.）【系表結構】180、miss（v.）錯過-missing（adj.）錯過的；丟失的；迷失的181、approach=comenear=gotoward181、type=kind182、run（v.）奔跑 runoutof耗盡=usedup用完=beoutofEg.Thepeopleinthatcountryareoutoffood.183、landon著陸→（反）takeoff起飛,，脫下=puton184、Atwo-story-highdoor(定語)=eachtwostoreyshigh(表語)185、blood（n.）血-bleed（v.）流血186、frighten（v.） frightening（adj.）fright（n.） frightened（adj.）187、long length（n.）長度lengthen（v）加長Adj strong strength（n.）強壯strengthen（v）擴大wide width（n）亮度widen（v）拓寬deep depth（n）深度deepen（v）加深188、except除了（prep.）except(不包含)eg.AllstudentswenttohaveapicnicexceptTombesides(包含)egThreeotherstudentswenttohaveapicwcbesidesTom（3+1=4）exceptfor(大小關系)egYourcompositionisvorygoodexceptforseveralspellingmistakes.exceptthat+句because+句/becauseof+n..eg.Iwon'tgotoschool,becauseofrain.Iwontgotoschoolbecauseitisrainingoutsider.189、thehomeofmonster 雙重屬格thephotoofme(賓格) thephotoofMary(賓格).thefrierdofmine(n物主代詞) thefriendofmary's(n物主代詞）190、shake-shook-shaken1.搖頭shakehead2.握手shakehands191、followingthemwasahugemonster（到裝句）-Ahugemonsterwasfollowingthem.192、turnourbloodtoice=freeze.作定語修飾aroarEg.Hegavearoarthatturnourbloodtolie毛骨悚然【定語從句】先行詞主不可省先行詞賓可省that193、Howdidyougetinhere?getin(to)=enterhere是地點副詞省to所以getinhere.194、steelbars不繡鋼制成的柵欄拓展：matel鐵195、Over垂直正上方無接觸面above垂直正上方有接觸面196、Iknowwhoyouare【賓語從句】1）時態(tài)一致性2）陳述句語言197、Thesteelbarssprangfromthegroundaroumdus.spring-sprang-sprung拓展：（靈感來自）ring-rang-rung①（n.）春天②（v.）彈Theheadmastershookhandswitheachofus=everyone.dosbafavour=givesbahand=helpsb.peace（n.）-peaceful（adj.）-peacefully（adv.）trustme=believemedefinite（adj.）確定→（反）indefinite（adj.）不確定fix=repair=mend修理begoingto（計劃，預見性，打算）will（偶然，無計劃，無預見）205、shall=will①第一人稱②否定形式：shan't反意疑問句1）前肯后否2）前否后肯3）動句：V原+willyou?Eg.Don't+V原形…，willyou?4）Letus（不包含說話本人）.…，shallwe?Gork'sroarfrightened（是v，不是adj.）thecaptainandhiscrew人員surprise（d）（ing）（at）（in）,amaze（d）（at）,worry（ied）（ing）（about）,等+v-ingplease（d）（ing）(with),interest（ed）（in）,excit（ed）（ing）（by）bor（ed）（ing）\relax（ing）（ed）\amaz（ed）（ing）（at）satisf（ied）（ying）（with）wake-(woke)-(woken)up.醒來nootherpeople-nooneelseattract（v.）吸引-attraction（n.）吸引力，吸引物-attractive（adj.）吸引性=pullattractively（adv.）有吸引力地athentively（adv.）全神貫注的actively（adv.）活躍的accurately（adv.）精確地.attack=beat=hit攻擊hit-hit-hitTorch原意為“火把”，引申為手電筒bekilled【被動語態(tài)】/behurt【系表】214、die-died-died-dying215、lay(下蛋vi./放置vt.）laid-laid-laying【（下蛋）是vi不及物動詞，（放置）是及物動詞】lie(說慌）lied-lied-lying（vi.）lie(位于，躺）lay-lain-lying（vi.）拓展：及物vt.，vt可直接加賓語，不及物vi，若跟賓語需加介詞再加賓語case.①事例②盒子Eg.Mysmallpowerfullasertorchwasinplasticcase,themagnetcouldnotattractit.217、at用于速度，溫度之前。egLighttravelsataspeedofaboutthreehundredthousandkilomerespersecond.escaping（escape）fromGorkstayinbed.臥病在床onbed睡覺inashortwhile=soon=righthow=rightaway=atonce=immediately.noice噪音\voice噪音（人俱備）\sound泛指各種聲音223、sleep（表語）adjeg.fallasleep（深層次）睡著的alive表sleepy（表，定語）adjeg.feelsleepy昏昏欲睡的sleeping（定語）adjeg.asleepingbag睡袋living定beill（生病的）fallill（病入高荒）fall【系v】+asleep深【形v】=godown落下226、starttodo/doing.begintodo/doing227、gotobed-gotothebed上床睡覺去床上228、Here'swhatwe'lldo.形式上是表語從句，其實是主語從句（倒裝句）Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext=Idon'tknowwhattodonext.【v后無賓語表是賓從】thenumberof表總數(shù)謂語v用三單anumberof=alotof=many.231、Theyplayallkindsofinstrumentsandtheyalsosing.Theyplayallkindsofinstrumentsandsingaswell.

Theyplayallkindsofinstrumentandaswellassing.（aswellas【就遠原則】=notonly…butalso【就近原則】）Theynotonlyplayallkindsofinstrumentandsingaswell.(2)BothLilyandLueylikesinging就近原則NotonlyLilybutalsoLucylikessinging就遠原則LilylikesaswellasLucysinging.call=phone=makeaphonecallto.obviously=clearly234、interrupt（v.）-interrupted（pv.）-interruption（n.）235、We'retooweaktoopenthedoor.=We'resoweakthatwecan'topenthedoor.236、What'swong?=What'sthematterwithyou?=What'sthetrouble…?Whathappenedtoyou?=What'sup?237、aim(…)at瞄準eg.IaimedthetorchathiseyeegThehunteraimedatthelion.aimat目標eg.HeaimedattheFuDanUniversity.239、hitGorkintheeyeV+sb+prep+身體某部Inthefalehithim ontheheadcatchhim bytheslimfree（adj.）-freedom（n.）wise（adj.）-wisdom（n.）before可表示時間、空間之前，比befrontof功能更多befinished=bedonefor.egYouarefinished=Youaredonefor.介詞+n=adv,inpeace=peacefullyinorderto=to表目的用通常用why提問n.感嘆句用whatwithoutmakinganynoise=silentlymakeupone'smindto=decidetodo=makeadecisionto=bedeterminedtodo.funfurnitureweatherworknewsadviceinformation不可數(shù)njob可數(shù)n.work不可數(shù)n.search=lookfor尋找Therewasn'tanything/Therewasnothing.Whatalovelypanda!=Howlovelypandais!Howtidytheroomis!=Whatatidyroom!Whatbeautifulflowertheyare!=Howbeautifulflowerare!Howwellsheplaystheviolin!/HowloudlyGorkshouted!/WhatabeddreamGorkhaving!（adj/adv用how來提問.）263、keesbdiong（讓某人不段做某事表動態(tài)opening）keepsth+adj.（adj.作賓語,補足語表靜態(tài)open）264、observenoticehearseefeel凡在主動語省略to在被動語態(tài)全部恢復265、with表伴隨狀態(tài)v看主語aswellas=with266、happen無被動語態(tài)267、real(adj)-really(adv)-realize（v.）實現(xiàn)；意識到268、physicyteacher(n+n=n)eg.roadsafetyphysicalexperiment(adj+n=笨蛋原則）nobodyelse=nootherpeople270、1）other（adj.）別的，其他的（人或物）other+n.s.eg.Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?other→（復）others解釋為“另外幾個”others【無范圍】非剩下的全部，(作n.)別的，其他的theother(兩者中一個)+n單\theother(作adj)+n.s.theother（兩者中的一個）+n.單+n復（作adj）4)theother→（復）theothers其他的，其余的6）theothers【有范圍】其余的（表示在一個范圍內的其他全部）theother另一個前提是只有兩者（作adj）【有范圍】別的，剩下的，其他的→（復）theothersanother+n單≥3作adj/n.（+n.單）(作adj.或n.)eachother=oneanother(adv)兩者實戰(zhàn)練習：①、Ihavetwoletters,onefrommypenfriend,theothersisfrommyunle有范圍的兩者中另一個用another表另一個用于三者以上或無范圍的另一個②、Somestudentsinourclasslikeplayingfootball,otherslikelisteningmusicsome…others…有的…有的全班不可能只有兩個項目，無范圍（初二下半學期）product（n.）產品 produce（v.）生產. production（n.）生產. producer（n.）生產商nature（n.）-natural（adj.）scientist（n.）-science（n.）-scientists（n.s.）beinterestedin=bekeenon=befondofbreathe（v.）-breath（n.）besatisfiedwith=bepleasedwithontheearth=intheworld（句子中出現(xiàn)多則使用最高級）eg.Treesarethebiggestandoldestlivingthingsontheearth.onearth（adv.）究竟egwhereonearthareyougoing?=whereareyougoingonearth?whatgoodaretrees?↓（n.）↓which+n單哪些→→what+n單/erviewsb.aboutsth.10、suppose：thinktobetrue.11、Thenewsmadeusexcited（adj）作賓語補足語Thecoatcankeepuswarminwinter復合賓語12、else/other（adj.）Idon'twanttobuyanythingelse【俢飾疑問、不定代詞，n.后置】otherthings【俢n.前置】13、in→=atlast=finallyattheend→+時間/空間on→theendof+頂尖物體by→事情發(fā)生于過去的過去（時態(tài)：過完）+過去時間到……為止had+過去分詞egWehadleant20Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.14、paper與物質無關時可數(shù)（1）文章（議論文）papers（2）試卷testpapers（3）報紙newspapers15、thankyouforyourkindness.thank…（sb.）for（sth.）…eg.thankyouforyourhelp.（n.）thankyouforhelp（v.）ingmethankful（adj.）=grateful（adj.）thankgoodness=thanksGod謝天謝地表示感覺的感官動詞、心理狀態(tài)、態(tài)度和感情、心里狀態(tài)等意思的動詞無現(xiàn)在進行時.如：like（喜歡）、love（愛）、know（知道）、want（需要）、hope（希望）、hate（恨）、think（認為）、believe（相信）等.注：當have/has表示“吃飯；開會；玩得愉快”等意思時，可用于進行時態(tài)；表示“擁有”等意思時，沒有進行時態(tài)。17、系v.+adj（作賓語補足語）keepdoing表動態(tài)，表示不斷讓某人做某事do表靜態(tài)18、communicatewith=keepintouchwith=exchangeinformationwitheachother(英語解釋）19、afterthat在那之后=sincethat從那以后20、infact（作強調）實際上21、providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.=supplysth.forsb.offersbsth.=offersth.tosb.=offertodosth22、exchangeinformation交換信息exchangepresents交換禮物23、eachother（2者之間）/oneanother（3者或3者以上）互相24、release=gofree25、Treescanmakestreetsmorebeautifulandlessnoisy,can'tthey?近quieter反noisierquiteafew=someoneandahalfhectares/onehectarewithahalf28、wellas=and=and…(aswell)=butonly…notalso….eg(1)Theexperienceisexcitingaswellasfrighting.平行結構=andTomaswellashisdeskmatesisgoingtoseeafilm.=with就遠原則replace=taketheplaceof=insteadofrelease=takein/absorb限定詞+whole+n.單32、stop…from免于+方式protect…fromprevent…from注：protectfromsth通過做某事來保護:protectsb.bydoingsth(保護某人免于…)protectsb.from+n.（保護某人免于受到侵害）protect（v.）保護-protection（n.）保護權chemical（c.n./adj.）-chemicals.（n.s.）-chemistry（n.）-chemist（n.）thechemical's藥店34、insterestsb.=attracksb.吸引某人35、suppose：猜測、斷定36、Treescanremovedustandproducetheoxygenwebreathe（定語）被定語修飾的n表特指interview（v.）sb.采訪某人interview（v.）面試interview（n.）采訪報告egReadtheinterview讀采訪報告39、Releaseoxgyenbackintotheairsth.

把某物釋放回Takeharmfulgasesfromtheair.…sth.吸收某物40、by通過；用bydoing（表示手段、方法）{MS：通過某種手段}用；直接+（用交通工具等）{MS：通訊、交通工具}乘（車）on網絡媒體=overin+語言with+工具（具體）eg.HemadealotofmoneybykillingHobbing41、troubleindangerfailuredifficulty（n.）困境damage【小面積損傷】destroy【大程度毀滅】（瞬間性v.）43、dothejobdoagoodjobon=haveaneffect作用egHedoagoodjoboncleaningtheclassroom.doabadjobon44、(1)經營running=run(2)作用于operating（還可解釋為“手術”）(3)跑步46、Youcentainlyknowalotabouttree.（adv.)修飾know（v.）hardlyany（ever）=almostnone（never）Treescandothejoboffifteenair-conditionerrunningalmostallday=almostthewholeday.49、Produceenoughoxygentokeepthewholeclassaliveandhealthyforawholeyear.作oxygen的賓語50、reducesoundpollutionn+n=n復合名詞51、Withouttrees,thesoilwouldbewashedaway.1）被動語態(tài)2）虛擬語氣52、cureillness（es）-curedisease（s）53、last=passinthelast200years…h(huán)avebeen…↓forabout200years/since200yearsagosince+時間點/since+時間段+ago【時態(tài)用現(xiàn)完】eg.Ourliveshaschangesalotinthelastfewyears.=forafewyears.54、cutdown砍伐削減=reduceThelightgoout熄燈（瞬間性v.）56、賓語從句（主觀意斷）1)Ithinkhe…反義疑問句看從句can'the?Idon'tthinkhe…否定前移canhe?2)HethinksI……看主句doesn'the（she）?57、Daisyfrozeandlookedaround,butsawnoonenoone人或物nobody是人nothing是物58、increase增加→（反）decrease/reduce減少59、Thetelevisioninhishomeisalwayson.beon【表靜態(tài)】turnon【表動態(tài)】→（反）beoff↓sb.人才能打開東西不能自己打開patient（adj.）耐心的-patience（n.）耐心（n.）病人eg.patient'sward病房→（反）impatient（adj.）不耐煩的61、twodropsofwater62、beon開始（持續(xù)性v.）begin（瞬間性v.）egThefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.【for+一段時間表時態(tài)是現(xiàn)完需要持續(xù)性v.】63、turnon=switchonturnupturnoff=switchoff（電器）turndown.eg