2024年高考英語核心考點精講精練（新高考專用）考點12 閱讀理解推理判斷之引申推斷 （教師版）

考點12閱讀理解推理判斷之引申推斷（核心考點精講精練）1.三年真題考點分布考點題型推理判斷之引申推斷閱讀理解2023試卷類型設(shè)問考點[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]B()24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?引申推斷[2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]D()34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?引申推斷【2023年1月·浙江卷】B26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?引申推斷[2023·全國甲卷]D()35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?引申推斷[2023·全國乙卷]B()26.Whatcanweinferfromtheautho’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?引申推斷20222022·新高考I卷閱讀A23.3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?C篇31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?引申推斷2022·全國高考乙卷D篇35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?引申推斷20212021·英語全國甲卷B篇27．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?D篇33．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?引申推斷2021·全國高考乙卷B篇27．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?D篇35．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?引申推斷2021·全國新高考I卷C篇30．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?引申推斷2021·全國新高考II卷D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?引申推斷2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中引申推斷考查了11次。主要考查：根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容進行引申推斷得出推斷結(jié)果。引申推斷的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，推斷出文章中事實的結(jié)論，得出新的判斷；2.推理判斷的結(jié)論不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基礎(chǔ)上，通過邏輯推理得出的結(jié)論?！緜淇疾呗浴肯到y(tǒng)歸類引申推斷的方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能?！久}預(yù)測】通過閱讀理解中的引申推斷，考查考生的邏輯思維能力、思辨能力和批評性思維。因此，引申推斷題將在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的重點題型?！?024年高考命題預(yù)測】推理判斷之引申推斷考點是高考中的必考點。每年的高考閱讀理解中都會有引申推斷題以考查學(xué)生的推理判斷能力，推理判斷題的答案是通過對文章中材料的分析得出的結(jié)論，它不是文章中直接的事實。預(yù)測在2024高考中，引申推斷會繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)?！就评砼袛嘀晖茢嗫键c指南】規(guī)律方法：常見的設(shè)問方式： 1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe? 2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutfromthelastparagraph? 3．Whatcanwelearnfrom?4．Whatcanweinferaboutfromthetext?如何解決引申推斷題？引申推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。此類題目的題干一般包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，設(shè)想)和conclude(推斷，做出結(jié)論)。1.[2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfibreglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhatshappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”()24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftravelling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了約翰·托德從小就很愛觀察自然且愛思考,他利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理建造了生態(tài)機器等設(shè)備來凈化污水。24.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.”可知,當(dāng)約翰長大后,他開始想弄明白這個過程是否可以用來清理人們正在制造的臟亂。再結(jié)合第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.”可知,在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后,約翰回去觀察自然并提出問題。由此可知,從前兩段中我們可以知道約翰有一種好學(xué)愛問的思維方式。2.[2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]DAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves”.Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.()34.WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了城市化進程使得人類與自然的接觸逐漸減少,尤其是在城市中找到原生態(tài)環(huán)境的機會越來越少,而研究表明城市中的原生態(tài)環(huán)境對人類的健康和幸福感極為重要。34.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中給出的例子“…theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.”可知,沿水邊散步的體驗對周末在公園徒步旅行的年輕職業(yè)人士來說可能是令人滿足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐時間沿著噴泉散步也能享受到這種互動形式。由此可知,相同的自然體驗可以采用不同的形式。故選C項。3.【2023年1月·浙江卷】BLivewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Sheisquitegoodatcooking. B．Sherespectsothers’privacy.C．Sheenjoysbeingahousewife. D．Sheisadeterminedperson.【答案】

26．D

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者如何在家庭中過零浪費的生活方式。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.(然而，隨著減少浪費的幾個月的持續(xù)，我盡了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.(也許你的家庭不會完全改變，但你可以控制自己的個人空間，做出你想要的改變)”可推知，作者是一個意志堅定的人。故選D。4.[2023·全國甲卷]DGrizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaventbeenseeninacenturyormore,theyreincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheUSwasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheUS.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheUSFishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously,ifprecautions(預(yù)防)arenttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.()35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了灰熊數(shù)量在美國的變化以及其背后的原因。35.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是JamesJonkel的話“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits…”可知,通過預(yù)防措施,灰熊就不會學(xué)到壞習(xí)慣,人們就可以與灰熊和諧共處。故選B。5.[2023·全國乙卷]BLivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(風(fēng)景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevilsLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.()26.Whatcanweinferfromtheautho’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,文章講述了作者作為一名風(fēng)景攝影師是如何應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn),拍出高質(zhì)量的風(fēng)景照片的。26.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.”可知,作者和朋友們沒有標出路線,所以幾乎完全錯過了日落。由此可推知,他們比預(yù)計到達拍攝地點的時間晚了。故選C項。6.D【2022·全國高考乙卷】TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】15.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學(xué)校體育。15.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政策。故選B。7.B【2021·英語全國甲卷】PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A．Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B．Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C．ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D．Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.【答案】7．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在PortLympne保護區(qū)的部分黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀。7．推理判斷題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判斷這些小犀牛是否會成為返回野生保護區(qū)的好的候選者還為時過早)”可推知，PonLympne保護區(qū)的一些犀?？赡軙凰偷揭吧Ｗo區(qū)。故選D項。1.【2023屆河北省高三適應(yīng)性考試】Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesburnnaturalgasforheatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gasappliances(家用電器)canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.PanamaBartholomyisthedirectoroftheBuildingDecarbonizationCoalition.Hisgroup,basedinPetaluma,Calif.,focusesonlimitinggasemissionsindoors.“Weassumetheelectricgrid(輸電網(wǎng))isgettingcleanerovertime,whichitis.So,wewantmoreandmoreofourheatingtocomefromelectricity.”It’smucheasiertomakethesetypesoftransitionswhengovernmentsrecommendthem,saysBethMiller.SheisanecologistandconsultantwithGoodCompany.BasedinEugene,Ore.,ithelpscompaniesandcommunitiesreducetheircarbonfootprint.Somestatesarealreadytakingstepstomakethesechanges.OnSeptember22,forinstance,Californiadecideditwouldbanthesaleofgas-firedspaceheatersandwaterheatersby2030.Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.Insteadofagasfurnace(燃氣爐),anelectricheatpumpcouldbothheatandcoolahome.Gasheatersandstoveswon’tbepumpingpollutionintoahome’sair.AndcookswillhaveevenmorecontrolonamodernelectriccookerthanonagasstovesaysBartholomy.Gettingnaturalgasoutofyourhomeisprobablythelargestpositiveimpactyoucanhavefortheplanet,Bartholomysays.“Weallneedtofightforalivableclimate.Thereisnowaytomeetourclimategoalswhilestillburninggasinbuildings.Foralivablefuture,wemusttakemeasurestostopburningnaturalgas,thoughweknowwehavealongwaytogo.”Andthebonus:Itnowlookslikedoingthatshouldalsosavepeoplealotofmoney.14．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Homeswillbesafer. B．Gasstoveswillbereplacedsoon.C．Homes’airwillhavemorepollutants. D．Cooksprefertousetraditionalcookers.【答案】14．A【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述將會在建筑內(nèi)部發(fā)生清潔能源的改變，燃氣設(shè)備將被電動設(shè)備取代以及利用清潔能源的好處。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.(Bartholomy說，在家庭和企業(yè)改用電力替代品之后，它們會更舒適。他補充說，它們也會更安全、更清潔)”可推知，家將會更安全。故選A。2.【2023屆安徽省皖江聯(lián)盟高三最后一卷聯(lián)考】Peoplespendaboutathirdoftheirlivessleeping.Thatmightsoundliketimewasted,butit’snot.Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.Expertsrecommendthatteensgetaboutninehoursofsleepeachnight.Butsurveysshowthatonlyaboutone-thirdof18-year-oldreportgettingatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernight.Asteensgothroughpuberty(青春期),theybecomenaturalnightowls.Theirbodiesdon’treleasethehormonemelatonin(褪黑激素)—whichtellsthebrainit’stimeforbed—untillateratnight.Thisshiftstheircircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)sothatsleepcomesmosteasilybetween11p.m.and8a.m.ButmostpubicmiddleandhighschoolsintheUnitedStatesstartbefore8:30a.m.Andthat’samajorproblem.Anotherreasonforteens’widespreadsleepshortagemaybescreens.Surveydatafrom370.000U.S.teenshasshownanincreaseintradingsleepforscreentime.Butlosingsleeptoscreensisn’tjustamatterofchoosingtostayuplater.Thelightemittedbyphones,laptopsandtheotherdevicesmakesthebrainresistsleepiness.That’sbecausetheglowcontainsbluewavelengthsalsofoundinsunlight.Thiscandeceivethebrainintothinkingit’sdaytime.Lackofsleephasbeenlinkedtounhealthyeatingandfeelingmoreanxious.Sleep-deprivedpeoplealsohavehigherriskoffeelingdepressed,usingalcoholordrugs,orgettingincaraccidents.Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewhousescreensinbedhaveahardertimenoddingoff.NewLEDtechcouldlessenthateffect.Butinthemeantime,expertssuggestputtingawayelectronicsatleast30minutesbeforebed.“Itmightbehardtoquitalivelygroupchatorsavethenextepisodeofashowuntiltomorrow,butturnoffandturnin.Yourbodyandbrainwillthankyou.”8．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphimply?A．Thereismoreforthebraintodealwith.B．Thebrainisthebusiestduringsleepingtime.C．Sleepisvitaltoourhealthandwellbeing.D．Manyaresufferingsleep-relatedproblems.【答案】8．C【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了睡眠對健康的重要意義、青少年睡眠不足的原因和睡眠不足的危害，并提出針對性的建議。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.（即使在深度睡眠中，大腦也很忙碌。大腦需要努力整理記憶，清除有害廢物等等。這段時間的休息也有助于身體建立更強壯的骨骼，更快地愈合傷口）”可以推論出，睡眠對我們的健康和幸福至關(guān)重要。故選C項。3.【2023屆福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)高考第三次校模擬】PeterandMinkevanWingerdenhavecreatedsomethingwild:aherdofcowsfloatingonthesea.TheDutchhusband-and-wifeteam’sexperimentonsustainableagriculture,calledFloatingFarm,canbefoundintheportofRotterdam.Themoderniststructurehouses40cows,whocollectivelyproducesome200gallonsofmilkaday.Inadditiontohelpingnourish(滋養(yǎng))thelocalcommunity,thewaterbornefarmisplayingapartintheglobalconversationabouthowtheclimatecrisisispushingfarmerstoreconsiderhow—andwhere—theyproducefood.Floods,extremeheating,droughtsandevenrisingnighttemperatureshavesentthefoodsystemoffbalance.Theracetooutsmarttheconstantattackofextremeweatherhasmadetheworldoffarmingunrecognizablefromwhatitwasonlydecadesago.AteamofscientistsinMexicoisdevelopingwheattypesthatcanadaptthemselvestodifferentclimates,whileJack’sSolarGardeninLongmont,Colorado,isatestbedfortheemergingmethodofsolarfarming.Rotterdamhasalreadyestablisheditselfasoneofthemostclimate-adaptiveplacesintheworld.Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens’FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn’tnecessarilystuckinplace.Aformerpropertydeveloperwithabackgroundinengineering,PeterfoundhisinspirationfortheFloatingFarminaclimatedisasterinNewYorkCity,whereHurricaneSandypreventedthedeliveryoffreshfoodtomillions.TheWingerdens’modelisripeforreproduction—whichisexactlywhattheFloatingFarm’steamof14areworkingonnow.PlansareunderwayforafloatingvegetablefarmtomoveintothespacenexttothecurrentFloatingFarm.PermitapplicationsarealsooutforsimilarstructuresinDubai,SingaporeandtheDutchcitiesofHaarlemandArnhem.ThenewprojectswillapplylessonslearnedfromFloatingFarm.“Youneedtobuildahouseinordertoknowhowtobuildahouse,”Petersays.Thebiggestobstaclesheseesahead,however,arenotfinancialorphysical,butratherpoliticalandadministrative.“Oneofthebiggestchallengeswecomeacrossworldwideisregulations.Citiesneedtohavedisruptivethinking,citiesneedtohavedisruptivedepartments,andcitiesneedtohaveareaswhereyoucansay:OK,thisistheexperimentalzone.”BecausewhatPeterandhisteamarepullingoffisofadifferentorderthanthetypicalsustainabilitymeasures.“Wearenotinnovative,”hesays.“Wearedisruptive.”9．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.A．90%ofthepopulationinRotterdamlivebelowthesealevelB．TheNewYorkCityisworkinghardtofightclimatechangeC．ThelocalcommunitywillnotbefedwithoutnewfarmingD．WaterbornefacilitiesarenecessarytothefutureofRotterdam【答案】9．D【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是荷蘭夫婦創(chuàng)建浮動農(nóng)場的由來及其發(fā)展的必要性，并在其影響下開發(fā)新的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)項目。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens’FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn’tnecessarilystuckinplace.(從辦公樓到整個社區(qū)，這座城市的一切都建在水面上，而這座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫婦的水上農(nóng)場是一個新的但必要的嘗試。如果出現(xiàn)天氣危機，水上農(nóng)場并不一定會被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮動農(nóng)場是一個新的但必要的嘗試，由此可知，水上設(shè)施對鹿特丹的未來是必要的。故選D項。4.【2023屆山東省濰坊市四縣高三下學(xué)期5月高考模擬】WhenyoustepofftheelevatoronthefourthfloorofKentuckyChildren’sHospital(KCH),you’regreetedbyamagicalunicorn(獨角獸)inacombinationofgreen