高中英語閱讀與策略培養(yǎng)指導(dǎo)

深圳市“十一五”規(guī)劃課題《中學(xué)生英語閱讀策略研究》

高中英語閱讀與策略訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)

深圳市龍華中學(xué)高中英語科組

2009年12月20

Acknowledgements

MysincerethanksareduetoMr.ChenYe-chun,principalof

LonghuaMiddleschool,whohasalwaysconvincedusthebeliefthat

languageteachersshouldmorethanjustteachourstudentsgrammarand

wordacquisition;toallmycolleagueswhoarewillingtosharetheirown

teachingexperienceanddevotealleffortstoparticipateintheresearch;to

ourbelovedstudentswhoneverrefusedtotryoutsomenewlearning

strategieswethoughtupintheprocessoftheresearch;toMr.LiQi-hai,

directoroftheTeachingResearchDepartment,whoofferedusvaluable

guidanceandsuggestedimprovementsintheresearch.

Read-in-EnglishStrategyResearchisabroadresearchproject.It

rangesfromlearningstrategytoclassroomtechniques,andlargerissues.

Itisalsoaboutglobalconcernsinlanguageteaching.Ourresearchgroup

hasjusttouchedafractionofthesubject.Westillhavealottodo,for

instance,howwecaninstructthestudenttobeanactivereader,what

activitiesweshouldinventandorganizeintheclassroom,whatfeedback

willbemoreactivating,andsoforth.

Strictlyspeaking,whatincludesinthebookletisnotthefocusofthis

research.WeeditedtheNMETreadingcomprehensioninthefour

categories,inthehopeofourseniorstudentsimprovingtheirreading

strategiestosomecontent.

LiXiao-Ian

William

December26,2009

目錄

1主旨大意.....….16

16詞義、句義猜30

31推理判斷41

42事實細(xì)節(jié)65

高中英語閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)一一主旨大意

深圳龍華中學(xué)陳澤娟

【題型詮釋】

主旨大意題旨在考查考生通過理解、總結(jié)、歸納，找出文章中心意思，段落

大意的能力?？煞譃橹黝}型和標(biāo)題型，即找中心(MainIdea)、選擇最佳的標(biāo)題

(Title)o要做好這類題目，考生必須學(xué)會區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息，要通讀全文，

通篇理解。

【典型例子】

(2008?廣東卷)

Sometimesyou'Uhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyoulove

yourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetolove

youuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscan

betricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents9eyes,andthatour

Grandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgotothe

Olympics,butsometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.

Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositive

self-imageandlearntoloveyourself.

Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludestheway

youlook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,our

self-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutUS.

Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thus

changingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageand

yourwholeworld.

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostress

yoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreat

thingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.

Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-imagebecause

youcan'tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollup

yoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimarytask.Ifyouthinkyou'resilly

becauseyouaren'tgoodatmath,findatutor.Ifyouthinkyou'reweakbecauseyou

can'trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyouthinkyou'redullbecauseyou

don'twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.Butremember,justbecauseyou

thinkitdoesn'tmeanit'strue.

Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-imageistorealizethatyourimageis

farfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.

Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalong

waytowardspromotingapositiveself-image.Whenyoucanpat（拍）yourselfonthe

back,youUlknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!

49.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.

B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.

C.Howtobuildapositiveself-image.

D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.

【答案】C文章僅僅闡述了如何避免消極，并建立積極向上的自我形象。選項A、

B、D太空泛。

（2007?福建卷）D

InventorParents

CanyoupatentandprofitCanyouaffordtoraiseyour

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Wehavebeenassistingtheinsightsthishighlyvalued

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1.Thebesttitleofthe3rdadvertisementwouldbe

A.TrainingatHomeB.LearningatHome

C.RecordingWorkD.WorkingatHome

【答案】D

【思路分析】此題考查主旨要義。廣告的標(biāo)題需要吸引人，第三個廣告是招

募醫(yī)學(xué)錄音打字員，這個職位吸引人的地方是可以在家里工作。干擾項是A項,

文中也提到可以在家里接受培訓(xùn)，但是培訓(xùn)的目的是為了工作，所以吸引人的是

在家里工作而不是在家里培訓(xùn)。

【命題方式】

1、歸納中心思想型

如：Thepassageismainlyabout...

Thepassagetellsus...

2、歸納段落大意型

如：Thefirstparagraphtalksabout...

Themainideaofthelastparagraphis...

3、歸納標(biāo)題型

如：Thebesttitleforthisarticleis...

Whichofthefollowingcanbethemostsuitableheadlineforthepassage?

【解題技巧】

1、看清題目的提問方式，看是要找中心思想、段落大意還是文章的標(biāo)題。

2、瀏覽全文，找出主題句。

主題句具有語意完整、形式簡潔、觀點明確的特征，紿人一種“一語言中”

的感覺。找主題句主要有以下方法：

1）讀首句抓大意。說明文、議論文、科技文獻(xiàn)、新聞報道等文章的主題句多放

在文章開頭，所以閱讀時辨別文章的體裁很重要。

2）讀尾句抓大意。有時文章的主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段尾，這類文章通常先擺出

事實依據(jù)，層層推理論證，在表述細(xì)節(jié)后歸納要點，最后自然地得出結(jié)論，

即段落的主題。

3）讀首尾句抓大意。有些文章或段落的開頭和結(jié)尾部分都有主題句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)

是為了突出主題思想而使用的兩次點題的寫作方法。通常前后表述主題的句

子不是簡單的重復(fù)，后面點題是進(jìn)一步的總結(jié)，是引申，是拓展。

4）從段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主題句居中，這種文章互毆段落往往以

?句或兒句話引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)以后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或

繼續(xù)論證。

3、從全文中歸納要點抓大意。有的文章或段落沒有明顯主題句，但字里行間無

不體現(xiàn)主題，這就要在閱讀過程中把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概

括出歸納出文章的主旨大意。通常最佳標(biāo)題是一個短語詞組，它不僅能概括

文章的主旨，還能吸引讀者、引發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣。

4、抓住高頻詞。任何?篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此許多文章最明顯

的特征之一就是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，及高頻詞，也叫主題詞。抓住了

它，就抓住了文章的中心。

5、排除干擾項。閱讀理解題的干擾項可分為三種類型：1）與文章中內(nèi)容向矛盾稱

為“誤、2）在文中沒有信息支持點稱為“虛、3）不能完全符合題目要求稱為

“偏”。所以排除干擾項就是答題時要按照“誤否？虛否？偏否?”的三級思考程

序來分析鑒別每一個選項。

【跟蹤演練】

A【2007?廣東卷】

Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness,happiness,goodness,

andself-respect?Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas"honor"

helpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.

Here'sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.

Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent,andprofitfrom

theclerk'smistake,wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcitement.Laterwe

mighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.Ontheotherhand,ifwetell

theclerkabouttheunchargeditem,theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforour

honesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightnever

sharewithanothersoul.

Then,whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?

Inthefirstcase,wherewedon'ttelltheclerk,acoupleofthingswouldhappen.

Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocess,we

wouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwe

cannotlietrusted,sinceweadvertiseourdishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.

Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.Incontrast,bringingtheerrortothe

clerk*sattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen.Immediatelytheclerkknowsusto

behonorable.Uponleavingthestore,wefeelhonorableandourself-respectis

increased.Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsof

goodnessandasenseofnobility.

Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorable

actions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoa

happierexistence.Andit'seasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwe'rehappy.

Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostart,onceit'sstarted,it'seasytocontinue.

Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmind,whichisimportantforour

happiness.

46.Accordingtothepassage,thepositiveactionintheexamplecontributestoour_.

A.self-respectB.financialrewards

C.advertisingabilityD.friendlyrelationship

47.Theauthorthinksthatkeepingsilentabouttheunchargeditemisequalto_.

A.lyingB.stealingC.cheatingD.advertising

48.Thephrase"bringingtheerrortotheclerk'sattention"（inpara.5）means_.

A.tellingthetruthtotheclerk

B.offeringadvicetotheclerk

C.askingtheclerktobemoreattentive

D.remindingtheclerkofthechargeditem

49.Howwillwefeelifwelettheclerkknowhermistake?

A.We'llbeveryexcited.B.We'llfeelunfortunate.

C.Wellhaveasenseofhonor.D.We'llfeelsorryfortheclerk.

50.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage.*

A.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.ImportanceofPeacefulness

C.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions

46.A47.B48.A49.C50.D

B【2008?遼寧卷】

HeroesofOurTime

Agoodheart

DikembeMutombogrewupinAfricaamonggreatpovertyanddisease.He

cametoGeorgetownUniversityonascholarship（獎學(xué)金）tostudymedicine——

butCoach（教練）JohnThompsongotalookatDikembeandhadadifferent

idea.DikembebecameastarintheNBA,andacitizenoftheUnitedStates.

Butheneverforgotthelandofhisbirth,orthedutytosharehisfortunewith

others.HebuiltanewhospitalinhisoldhometownintheCongo.Affriendhas

saidofthisgood-heartedman:,lMutombobelievesthatGodhasgivenhimthis

chancetodogreatthings."

Successandkindness

Afterherdaughterwasborn,JulieAigner-Clarksearchedforwaystoshare

herloveofmusicandartwithherchild.Sosheborrowedsomeequipment,

andbeganfilmingchildren'svideos（錄像）inherownhouse.TheBabyEinstein

Companywasborn,andinjustfiveyearsherbusinessgrewtomorethan$20

millioninsales.Andsheisusinghersuccesstohelpothers-producing

childsafetyvideoswithJohnWalshoftheNationalCenterforMissingand

ExploitedChildren.Juliesaysofhernewprogram:ulbelieveit'sthemost

importantthingthatIhaveeverdone.Ibelievethatchildrenhavetherightto

liveinaworldthatissafe."

Braveryandcourage

Afewweeksago,WesleyAutreywaswaitingataHarlemsubwaystation

withhistwolittlegirlswhenhesawamanfallintothepathofatrain.With

secondstoact,Wesleyjumpedontothetracks,pulledthemanintothespace

betweentherails（鐵軌），andheldhimasthetrainpassedrightabovetheir

heads.Heinsistshe'snotahero.Hesays:,lWehavegottoshoweachother

somelove."

1.WhatwasMutombopraisedfor?

A.BeingastarintheNBA.B.Beingastudentofmedicine.

C.Hisworkinthechurch.D.Hiswillingnesstohelptheneedy.

【答案】D

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第一段后部分可知。Hebuiltanewhospital

inhisoldhometownintheCongo.可知應(yīng)選D。

2.Mutombobelievesthatbuildingthenewhospitalis.

A.helpfultohispersonaldevelopment

B.somethingheshoulddoforhishomeland

C.achanceforhisfriendstosharehismoney

D.awayofshowinghisrespecttotheNBA

【答案】B

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第一段中butheneverforgotthelandofhis

birth,orthedutytosharehisfortunewithothers.可知選B。

3.WhatdidtheBabyEinsteinCompanydoatitsbeginning?

A.Producesafetyequipmentforchildren.

B.Makevideostohelpprotectchildren.

C.Sellchildren'smusicandartwork.

D.Lookformissingandexploitedchildren.

【答案】C

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第一句，可知應(yīng)選C。

4.WhywasWesleyAutreypraisedasahero?

A.Hehelpedamangetacrosstherails.

B.Hestoppedamanfromdestroyingtherails.

C.Heprotectedtwolittlegirlsfromgettinghurt.

D.Hesavedapersonwithoutconsideringhisownsafety.

【答案】D

【思路分析】此題考查主旨、要義。由第三段的主旨中心可知。

C【2008?湖北卷】

SpareTimetoRest

Onemorningafewyearsago,HarvardPresidentNeilRudenstine

overslept.Forthisbusyman,itwasasortofalarm:afteryearsofnon-stop

hardwork,hemightwearhimselfoutanddieanearlydeath.

Onlyafteraweek'sleave------duringwhichhereadnovels,listenedto

musicandwalkedwithhiswifeonabeach------wasRudenstineabletoreturn

towork.

Inourmodernlife,wehavelosttherhythmbetweenactionandrest.

Amazingly,withinthisworldthereisauniversalbutsillysaying:"Iamsobusy."

Wesaythistooneanotherasifourtirelesseffortswereatalentbynature

andanabilitytosuccessfullydealwithstress.Thebusierweare,themore

importantweseemtoourselvesand,weimagine,toothers.Tobeunavailable

toourfriendsandfamily,andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax------thishas

becomethemodelofasuccessfullife.

Becausewedonorest,weloseourway.Wemisstheguidetellingus

wheretogo,thefoodprovidinguswithstrength,thequietgivinguswisdom.

Howhaveweallowedthistohappen?Ibelieveitisthis:wehaveforgotten

theSabbath,thedayoftheweek------forfollowersofsomereligions-------for

restandpraying.Itisadaywhenwearenotsupposedtowork,atimewhen

wedevoteourselvestoenjoyingandcelebratingwhatisbeautiful.Itisagood

timetoblessourchildrenandlovedones,givethanks,sharemeals,walkand

sleep.Itisatimeforustotakearest,toputourworkaside,trustingthatthere

arelargerforcesatworktakingcareoftheworld.

Restissspiritualandbiologicalneed;however,inourstrongambitionto

besuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilities,wemayfeelterriblyguilty

whenwetaketimetorest.TheSabbathgivesuspermissiontostopwork.In

fact,"RemembertheSabbath"ismorethansimplypermissiontorest;itisa

ruletoobeyandaprincipletofollow.

1.The"alarm"inthefirstparagraphrefersto"

A.asignalofstress

B.awarningofdanger

C.asignofage

D.aspreadofdisease

【答案】B

【思路分析】此題考查猜測詞義。由第一段第二句中的“wearhimselfoutanddie

anearlydeath”他筋疲力盡而過早死去，可推知。

2.AccordingtoParagraph4,asuccessfulpersonisonewhoisbelievedto

A.beabletoworkwithoutstress

B.bemoretalentedthanotherpeople

C.bemoreimportantthananyoneelse

D.bebusyingworkingwithouttimetorest

【答案】D

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第四段最后一句話可知，我們越忙碌，就說明

我們對他人越重要；忙得沒有時間和朋友、家人聚會，沒有時間娛樂放松，才是

成功的生活。由此可知D正確。

3.Somepeoplefeelguiltywhentakingtimetorestbecausethey.

A.thinkthattakingarestmeanslackingambitions

B.failtorealizethatrestisanessentialpartoflife

C.failtorealizethatreligionsforcethemtorest

D.thinkthattakingarestmeansbeinglazy

【答案】B

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由最后一段第一句可知，休息和放松是我們生

理和精神的需要，可是我們強(qiáng)烈的成功欲望使我們在休息的時候感到內(nèi)疚。

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Weshouldbalanceworkwithrest.

B.TheSabbathgivesuspermissiontorest.

C.Itissillyforanyonetosay“Iambusy.”

D.Weshouldbeavailabletoourfamilyandfriends.

【答案】A

【思路分析】此題考查主旨、要義。全文都在探討休息對我們的好處。

D[2008?重慶卷】

Whileallmyclassmatesseentobecrazyaboutaone-wayticketto

Mars（火星），I'drathersayMarsistotallyunsuitableforhumanexistence.

Peoplewon'thaveenoughfoodsuppliesthere,andtheterribleenvironment

wouldmakeitimpossibleforthemtolivealonglife.Besides,thejourneywon't

besafe.CananybodyexplaintomejustwhypeoplewouldgotoMars,never

toreturn?

SteveMinear,UK

Herearethethingsyoucanthinkof:thedesiretoexploreaforeignand

uniqueenvironment,theexcitementofbeingthefirsthumanstoopenupa

newworld,theexpectationoffameandglory...Forscientiststhereisanother

reason.Theirobservationsandresearchwillprobablyleadtogreatscientific

achievements.

DonalTrollop,Canada

TherearealreadytoomanypeopleontheEarth.Ithinkthatsometime

beforetheendofthecentury,therewillbeahumancolony（殖民地）onMars.It

willhappenwhenpeoplefinallyrealizethattwo-waytripstotheredplanet

Marsareunnecessary.Mostofthedangerofspaceflightisinthelaunches（發(fā)

射）andlandings.Cuttingthetriphomewouldthereforereducethedangerof

accidents,savealotofmoney,andopenthewaytobuildinganeverlasting

humansettlementonanotherworld.

Enoughsuppliescanbesentonahead.Andeverytwoyearsmore

suppliesandmorepeoplewillbesenttothenewcolony.Marshasallthe

materialsforacolonytoproduceormakeeverythingitneeds,andMarsisfar

morepleasantthantheotherplanetsintheouterspace.

PaulDavies.USA

1.ThemainpurposeofSteveMinear'swritingis.

A.toreporthisclassmates'discussion

B.toinviteananswertohisquestion

C.toexplainthenaturalstateofMars

D.toshowhisagreementongoingtoMars

【答案】B

【思路分析】此題考查作者的寫作意圖。從Cananybodyexplaintomejustwhy

peoplewouldgotoMars,nevertoreturn?不難得出答案B.

2.WhichofthefollowingbeststatesDonalTrollop'sidea?

A.ThereisaplantosendhumanstoMars.

B.TherearemanyreasonsforgoingtoMars.

C.ScientistsbecomefamousbydoingresearchonMars.

D.ItispossibletobuildanEarth-likeenvironmentonMars.

【答案】B

【思路分析】此題考查主旨要義。從Herearethethings......:thedesireto

explore......,theexcitement.......,theexpectation.......Forscientiststhereis

anotherreason.可以得出答案為B.

3.PaulDaviespointsoutthat.

A.humansneedonlyaone-waytickettoMars.

B.two-waytripstoMarswillbemadesafesoon

C.itiseasytoreducethedangerandcostofflightstoMars

D.itischeaptobuildaneverlastinghumansettlementonMars

【答案】A

【思路分析】此題考查判斷推理。從PaulDavies所說的第一段中Itwillhappen

whenpeoplefinallyrealizethattow-waytripstotheredplanetMarsare

unnecessary.可以判斷出答案為A.

4.WhatdoesPaulDaviesthinkofhumanexistenceonMars?

A.HumanswillhavetobringalltheyneedfromtheEarth.

B.HumanswillfindMarstotallyunsuitableforliving.

C.Humanscanproduceeverythingtheyneed.

D.HumanscanlivelongerinthecolonyonMars.

【答案】C

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從PaulDavies所說的第二段中Marshasall

thematerialsforacolonytoproduceormakeeverythingitneeds可以判斷出答

案為C.

E【2008?安徽卷】

Part-timeFrontDeskPosition

Kirohoff,Inc.,abookdevelopmentcompany,islookingforapart-time

frontdeskofficeworker.Thispositionisperfectforapersonwhois

cheerful,dependable,andpleasanttoworkwith.Also,youshouldbe

abletowelcomeguests,redirectphonecall,andtakemessages.More

importantly,youcanstaycoolunderpressure.Youareexpectedtowork

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interested.

Formscanbecollectedat

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ImportantPointstoRememberWhenSwimming

?Waitatleastanhouraftermeals.

,Followtheadviceoflifeguards.

?Don'tdiveintounknownwaters.Alwaysswiminlinewiththeshow.

,Findoutattheseasidewhenandwhereitissafetoswim.

?Don'tusefloatingtoysonthewater.Windcaneasilysweepthemoutto

sea.

,Getoutofthewaterifyoufeeltiredorcold.Coldcankillevenstrong

swimmers.

HelpTelephone:212-543-5902

AtlanticCityBeachOffice

?Arriveontime.

?Introduceyourselfinapolitemanner.

?Readcompanymaterialswhileyouwait.

?Haveafirmhandshake.

?Listen.

?Usebodylanguagetoshowinterest.

?Smileandnodtotheinterviewer.

?Askaboutthenextthingyoushoulddo.

?Thanktheinterviewer.

?Writeathank-youlettertoanyoneyouhavespokento.

Formoreinformation,pleasevisit

____________________368CooperSquare,NewYork.NY10008

1.Ifyouwanttoworkinanoffice,wherecanyougettheformstofillin?

A.

B.AtlanticCityBeachOffice.

C.368CooperSquare,NewYork,NY

D.866United,NewYork,NY10017.

【答案】D

【思路分析】本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第一則廣告最后可以找到答案。Formscan

becollectedat866UnitedNationsPlaza,#525NewYork,NY10017。

2.Whatdoesapersonneedmosttobetheone-hourweekdayjob?

A.Heshouldhecheerful,dependable,andeasy-going.

B.HehastoworkfromMondaytoFriday.

C.Hecanremaincalminadifficultsituation.

D.Hecanwelcomeguestsanddealwithphonecalls.

【答案】C

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第一則廣告Moreimportantly,youcanstay

coolunderpressure.可知C是正確的。

3.Accordingtotheaboveinformation,whatistherightthingtodowhenyou

swim?

A.Tokeepclosetothebeach.B.Todiveintounknownwaters.

C.Tousefloatingtoysonthewater.D.Toswimsoonafterlunch.

【答案】A

【思路分析】此題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第二則廣告Alwaysswiminlinewiththeshore.

可知。

4.Thebesttitleforthelastpieceofinformationwouldbe.

A.TipsonShowingInterestinaJobB.StepstoaSuccessful

Interview

C.AdviceonIntroducingYourselfPolitelyD.ofBodyLanguagein

anInterview

【答案】B

【思路分析】主旨大意題。第三則短文的行文順序是面試開始到面試結(jié)束的每個

程序。選項B意思是“一次成功面試的步驟工

F【2009?浙江卷】

FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatphoto51.itwasn'tmuch-apicture

showingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringout

whatthephotoreallyshowed-theshapeofDNA.Thediscoverybroughtfameand

fortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,Franciscrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,

theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin.4<Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,Msayshistorian

MaryBowden."Ifherphotohadn'tbeenthere,theotherscouldn'thavecomeupwith

thestructure."onereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfour

yearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholardoubtthatFranklinwasnotonly

robbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitions.

AtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandCricktriedtomakemodels

bycuttingupshapesofDNA'spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,

atking'scollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule（分子）.

Theraysproducedpatternsreflectingtheshape.

ButWilkinsandFranklin'srelationshipwasalotrockierthanthecelebrated

teamworkofWatsonandCrick.WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.

ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.

WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneof

theirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.Thatangered

Watson,whoattackedherinreturn,MMereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnot

easilybend.Clearlyshehadtogoorbeputinherplace.

AsFranklin'scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainby

cuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In

1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbyname

beforehementionedFranklin.Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein

1974that“Franklinswasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.M

No,Franklinwasthesolution."Shecontributedmorethananyotherplayerto

solvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,MAbir-Amsays.

ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobel

Prizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycoming

intothelight.

57.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedisagreementsamongDNAresearchers.

B.TheunfairtreatmentofFranklin.

C.TheprocessofdiscoveringDNA.

DTheracebetweentwoteamsofscientists.

58.WatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecauseshe.

A.tooktheleadinthecompetition

B.Keptherresultsfromhim

C.provedsomeofhisfindings