土木工程實(shí)用英語(yǔ)答案-福建交通學(xué)院梁華蓉版本

./UNIT1Theseplayersmadeaverygoodcombination.這些球員們配合得很好.IncollegeIspecializedinorganicchemistry.在學(xué)院里我主修有機(jī)化學(xué)Thankyouverymuchforyourcarefulcoordinationofourresearchefforts.非常感謝你的細(xì)心協(xié)調(diào)我們的研究工作.Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsevenmonths,soit’shardtoevaluateitssuccess.這所學(xué)校開辦還不過七個(gè)月,所以很難評(píng)估它的成功.5.ThisstoryisconcernedwithanAmericanfamilyinthe19thcentury.這個(gè)故事是關(guān)于一個(gè)美國(guó)家庭在19世紀(jì).6.Thehousewasbuiltunderthecarefulsupervisionofanarchitect房子是用的精心指導(dǎo)下一位建筑師7.Hewasinvolvedinworkingoutaplan.他參與制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃.8.Thegardenwaslaidoutinaformalpattern.花園被放置在一個(gè)正式的模式.9.Hetaughtushowtoconstructsentenceswiththegivenphrases.他教我們?nèi)绾卧炀溆盟o的短語(yǔ).10.Thepresentdifficultiesstemfromourfailuretodealwiththeproblemwhenitfirstarose.目前的困難來自于我們的失敗來處理這個(gè)問題,它首先出現(xiàn).1.CivilEngineeringmightbegeneralizedasbeingthebasisofallengineering.土木工程可被概括為是所有工程的基礎(chǔ).2.Itinvolvesthedesign,constructionandmanagementofthe"builtenvironment."土木工程指對(duì)建成環(huán)境規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、建造、管理等一系列活動(dòng).3.Thetermcivilengineerhasoftenbeenusedtorefertoengineerswhobuildpublicandnon-publicfacilities.土木工程師這一術(shù)語(yǔ)通常用來指建造公共設(shè)施和非公有設(shè)施的工程師.4.Themajorspecialtieswithincivilengineeringarestructural,waterresources,environmental,construction,transportationandgeotechnicalengineering.土木工程可劃分為結(jié)構(gòu)工程、水利資源工程、環(huán)境工程、建筑工程、交通運(yùn)輸工程以及巖土工程等專業(yè).5.Theyalsoworktocontroltoxicandhazardouswastesthroughtheconstructionofspecialdumpsitesortheneutralizingoftoxicandhazardoussubstances.他們還通過建造特殊的垃圾場(chǎng)、中和有毒物質(zhì)等方式來控制有毒的和危險(xiǎn)的垃圾.6.Transportationengineersapplytechnologicalknowledgeaswellasconsiderationofeconomic,political,andsocialfactorsindesigningeachproject.交通運(yùn)輸工程師在設(shè)計(jì)每一個(gè)工程項(xiàng)目時(shí)要運(yùn)用科技知識(shí),同時(shí)還要考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治與社會(huì)因素.7.Theseengineersalsoevaluateanddeterminehowtoreinforcethestabilityofslopesandfillsandhowtoprojectstructuresagainstearthquakesandtheeffectsofgroundwater.這些工程師還要估計(jì)并確定如何加強(qiáng)斜坡和填方的穩(wěn)定性以及如何保護(hù)建筑以及抵抗地震和地下水的作用.8.Constructionengineeringisaspecializedbrandofcivilengineeringconcernedwiththeplanning,execution,andcontrolofconstructionoperationsforsuchprojectsashighways,buildings,dams,airports,andutilitylines.建筑工程是土木工程的一個(gè)分支,涉及如公路、建筑物、堤壩、機(jī)場(chǎng)、公用事業(yè)管線這類項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施和施工控制.1.社區(qū)的質(zhì)量與交通運(yùn)輸體系的質(zhì)量有直接的關(guān)系.Thequalityofthecommunityisdirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthetransportationsystem.2.結(jié)構(gòu)工程是土木工程的一個(gè)分支,它的應(yīng)用是非常廣.Structuralengineeringisabranchofcivilengineering,anditsapplicationsareextremelydiverse.3.他們還要選定合適的材料.Theyalsodeterminehowtocombinetheconstructionmaterialsappropriately.4.這一領(lǐng)域的土木工程師處理所有的水自然控制方面的問題.Inthisspecialty,civilengineersdealwithaspectsofthephysicalcontrolofwater.5.這些工程師還要向項(xiàng)目業(yè)主作定期的進(jìn)度報(bào)告.Theseengineersalsomakeregularprogressreportstotheownerofthestructure.UNIT21.Nylonisaversatilematerial.1.尼龍是一種用途廣泛的材料.2.I’msorry,thoseovercoatsarenotavailableinyourcolorandsize.2.對(duì)不起,這種外套沒有你要的顏色和尺碼.3.Thatterribledaywillbeembededinthechildren’smemory.那可怕的一天將深深印在孩子們的記憶4.Don’tcrushthebox;ithasflowersinit.別壓壞這個(gè)盒子;它已經(jīng)花在它5.Thiswinecomplementfoodperfectly.此酒補(bǔ)充食品完美.6.Abitterenvycorrodedtheirfriendship.一個(gè)痛苦的嫉妒腐蝕他們的友誼.7.Massagehelpsrelievethetensioninone’smuscles.按摩有助于緩解緊張的肌肉.8.Sheissprayingpaintonhercar.她是在她的車噴漆9.Mixalltheingredientsinabowl.混合所有的配料在碗里10.Thisgluemakesagoodfirmbond.這種膠水粘得很結(jié)實(shí)債券Ⅲ.1.ensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度2.Portlandcement硅酸鹽水泥3.reinforcedconcrete鋼筋混凝土4.prestressedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土5.concretebeam鋼筋土梁6.steelrod鋼桿7.pretensioningorposttensioningmethod預(yù)拉伸或后張法8.canbepouredintoallkindsofshapes可以涌入各種形狀9.therateofcontractionandexpansion收縮和擴(kuò)張的速度10.analkalinechemicalreaction一個(gè)堿性的化學(xué)反應(yīng)Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.鋼的巨大優(yōu)勢(shì)在于他的抗拉強(qiáng)度.Theenormousadvantageofsteelisitstensilestrength.2.不同比例的成分不同強(qiáng)度和重量的混領(lǐng)土.Differentproportionsoftheingredientsproduceconcretewithdifferentstrengthandweight.3.硅酸鹽水泥是石灰石和粘土經(jīng)過加熱后碾磨成的粉末狀混合物Portlandcementisamixtureoflimestoneandclay,whichisheatedandthengroundintoapowder.4.鋼和混凝土有著幾乎相同的收縮與擴(kuò)張速度.Steelandconcretehavealmostthesamerateofcontractionandexpansion.5.預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土使開發(fā)不尋常的形狀的建筑物成為可能.Prestressedconcretehasmadeitpossibletodevelopbuildingswithunusualshapes.Unit31.MostAmericansearnedanaverage3.5percentlessin1991thanin1990,afteradjustingforinflation.大多數(shù)美國(guó)人平均工資比1991年低3.5%,1990年在調(diào)整了通貨膨脹.2.Theaccelerationispositiveifthespeedisincreased,negativeifspeedisdecreased.加速度是積極的,如果速度增加,如果速度減少負(fù)面.3.Thecureforstressliesinlearningtorelax.消除緊張的方法在于學(xué)會(huì)放松.4.Asamiddle-schoolstudenthejoinedinthemovementtoresiteJapaneseaggressionandsavethecountry.作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生,他加入了日本侵略和運(yùn)動(dòng)新址拯救這個(gè)國(guó)家.5.Thismachineissuperiorinmanyrespectstothat.這臺(tái)機(jī)器在很多方面比那臺(tái)好.6.Equippinganofficeorplantwithcomputerstofacilitateorautomateprocedures.給辦公室或工廠裝備計(jì)算機(jī)促進(jìn)或自動(dòng)化程序.7.Thinkwellbeforeyouact.要三思而后行8.Equalityandmutualrespectarethebasicfordialogueamongcivilizationsandtheprerequisiteforexchangeandintegrationofhumancivilizations.平等和相互尊重的基礎(chǔ),不同文明之間的對(duì)話和交流的先決條件和人類文明的集成.9.Thekeyfortheeighty-year-oldprofessortokeepfitistojogthreekilometerseverymorning.關(guān)鍵的八十高齡的教授保持健康是每天早上慢跑三公里.10.Myapplicationforvisahasgonethrough.我申請(qǐng)簽證的經(jīng)歷11.Nothingcancompensateforthelossofone’shealth.沒有什么可以彌補(bǔ)健康受損.12.Hewassomethingofahumorist,andratherdeficientingeneraleducation,butacute,patient,andupright.他是一個(gè)幽默作家的東西,而缺乏一般的教育,但急性、耐心和正直.III.1.Thefinishedproducthashighcompressivestrength,andlowresistancetotension.最終制成品具有較高的抗壓強(qiáng)度及較低的抗拉強(qiáng)度.2.Thewholestructurecanbecastintoonepiece,andtheexpenseofjoiningindividualblockstooneanotherandtheweaknessresultingfromthepresenceofjointsisthuseliminated.混凝土構(gòu)件可以整體澆鑄,因此各個(gè)分塊連接所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用即可免除,而且還可以避免接縫處所產(chǎn)生的缺陷.3.Sincereinforcingsteelrustsveryreadily,itmustbeprotectedbyanadequateconcretecovertoensurethedurabilityofthestructure.由于鋼筋容易生銹,它需要足夠的混凝土保護(hù)層來確保構(gòu)件的耐久性.4.Theintegrationofthesteelandtheconcreterequirestheprovisionofadequateconcretearoundeachreinforcingbartoensureproperbondbetweenthesteelandtheconcrete.鋼筋與混凝土的結(jié)合需要在每根鋼筋周圍提供足夠的混凝土以確保能連接.5.Reinforcedconcretefindswideapplicationinbuildingsandotherstructuresbecauseofitsdurability,highresistancetostaticanddynamicloads,resistancetofireandweathering,theavailabilityofrawmaterials,andlowmaintenancecosts.鋼筋混凝土由于它的耐久性對(duì)動(dòng)荷載和靜荷載的高層受力,和對(duì)必要的惡劣氣候的抵抗性,原材料豐富以及低廉的維修費(fèi)用,而被廣泛的應(yīng)用于建筑物和其他結(jié)構(gòu)中.IV.1.它的性能關(guān)鍵在于兩者相輔相成：混凝土可以承受壓力,鋼筋可以承受拉力,Thekeytoitsperformanceliesinstrengthsthatcomplementaryconcreteresistscompressionandsteelreinforcementresiststensionforces.2.與天然石材不同,混凝土不必用任何切割工具,就可以澆鑄成所需的任意形狀.Unlikenaturalstone,concretecanbeproducedinanyshapewithouthavingreasontocuttingtools.3.另一方面,混凝土只有遇到嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)才會(huì)受損,在此方面要優(yōu)于天然石材和鋼鐵.Ontheotherhand,concreteisnotaffectedbyanybutthemostseverefiresinbuildings,andinthisrespectitissuperiortobothsteelandtimber.4.因?yàn)榛炷猎诳估矫婷黠@不足,所以鋼筋在結(jié)構(gòu)中也是至關(guān)重要一部分.Thesteelisalsothevitalpartofthestructure,sinceconcreteisdeficientintensilestrength.5.而且只要混凝土能夠保護(hù)鋼筋不受腐蝕,其強(qiáng)度實(shí)際上還會(huì)隨時(shí)間增長(zhǎng)而增長(zhǎng).Italsohasalongservicelifebecausethestrengthofconcreteactuallyincreaseswithtime,providedthatthesteelbarsareprotectedfromcorrosion.UNIT51.Wouldyoupleaseaidme?你能幫助我嗎?2.ABCcompanyisanimportandexportcompany.ABC公司是一家進(jìn)出口公司.3.Theserviceconditionofthissupermarketisnotbad.這個(gè)超市的服務(wù)條件不壞.4.Thelowpriceattractalotofcustomers.較低的價(jià)格吸引大量的客戶.5.Weneedtorearrangethewokeprogram.我們需要重新排列叫醒了程序6.Pleasecontactthemanagerassoonaspossible.請(qǐng)聯(lián)系經(jīng)理盡快.7.Weallneedsomepressureinourlives.我們都需要在我們的生活中一些壓力.8.Theperformanceofthiskindofmachineisverygood.在這種機(jī)器的性能很好.9.Canyouillustratethisproblemtous?你能說明這個(gè)問題呢?10.Dosethepriceincludetax?劑量?jī)r(jià)格包括稅嗎?Ⅲ.1.consistof由……組成2.befocusedon焦點(diǎn)3.makeup組成,彌補(bǔ)4.leadto導(dǎo)致5.besurroundedby被……包圍6.varyfrom與……不同7.servicecondition營(yíng)運(yùn)狀況,工作情況8.behaviourinservice使用性能4.TranslatethefollowingsentencestoEnglish.Key:1."入世"之后,中國(guó)所面對(duì)的最大挑戰(zhàn)是如何改變政府職能,ThegreatestchallengeChinafacesafteritsjoiningtheWTOishowtotransformthefunctionsofthegovernment.2他們?cè)噲D離開營(yíng)地,但被大雪阻止了.Theyattemptedtoleavethecampbutwerestoppedbytheheavysnow.3我們最好為房子投?；痣U(xiǎn).Wehadbetterinsurethehouseagainstfire.4這幾家公司簽了一項(xiàng)新協(xié)議.Thesecompaniesenteredintoanewagreement.5別再提了,我會(huì)把它記在心里.Donnotmentionit,Iwillrememberitinmyheart.UNIT6ExerciseII:1.TheSydneyHarborBridgeandthebluewateroftheharborisdramaticandunforgettable.悉尼海港大橋和藍(lán)色的水的港口是戲劇性的和令人難忘的.2.Theystandformankind’sdeterminationtoremoveallbarriersinitspursuitofabetterandfreerworld.他們代表了人類的決心去除所有的障礙在追求一個(gè)更好的和更自由的世界.3.The"deck"bridgeprovidesthemotoristwithabetterviewofthesurroundingarea."甲板"橋提供了一個(gè)更好的司機(jī)與視圖周圍地區(qū).4.Steelbridgesmaybeclassifiedasthefollowingkinds.鋼橋可分為以下幾種5.Allofthemarrivedlateforavarietyofreasons.他們都來晚了出于多種原因.6.Inspiteofgreatefforts,wefailedtocarryourplansthrough.盡管巨大的努力,我們還是沒能完成我們的計(jì)劃通過.7.Yugoslaviaintowasdividedfivedifferentcountries.南斯拉夫分裂成五個(gè)不同的國(guó)家.8.Everyoneofusisactiveintechnicalinnovation.我們每個(gè)人都積極參加技術(shù)創(chuàng)新.9.Shehasthedeterminationtoovercomealltheobstaclestosuccess.她有決心克服通往成功路上的一切障礙.10.Theterroristsknowalotaboutthestruc