2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練（十九）

★A閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案.Onebillionteenagersandyoungadultsaroundtheworldrisklosingtheirhearingbylisteningtoloudmusic.ThisisaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.TheU.N.agencyisaskingyoungpeopletoturndownthevolumetopreventirreversible（不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的）damagetotheirhearing.Fewthingsgetthebloodpumpinglikegoodmusic.Manypeoplebelievelouderisbetterifyouarelisteningtorockandroll.Butexperiencingreallyloudmusic,evenreallygoodmusic,canhaveaseriouseffectonyourhearing.Dr.ShelleyChadhaisaspecialistonhearingdamagefortheWorldHealthOrganization.Dr.Chadhasaysthatthecellsweusetohear,calledsensorycells,canbeforeverdamagedbyloudsoundsthathappenoveralongperiodoftime.Butwhatisanunsafelevelofsound?TheWHOsaystherecanbemanykindsofunsafelevelsofsound.Itdependsonhowloudthesoundisandhowlongyoulistentoit.Unsafecanmeannoiselevelsof85decibels（分貝）foreighthoursadayor100decibelsforjust15minutes.Dr.Chadhasayswhenthepowerofsoundincreasesbyonlythreedecibels,safelisteningtimegoesdownbyhalf.Dr.Chadhasaystherearesimplemeasurestoprotectpeoplefromunsafesoundlevels.Acommonsensesuggestionistoturndownthevolumeonyourpersonalaudiodevices.TheWHOalsoadvisesyoungpeopletolimittheiruseofsuchdevicestolessthanonehouraday.Itremindspeopletousetheirtechnologytostaysafe.Smartphoneappscanhelpto

monitor

safelisteninglevels.TheU.N.agencyestimates360millionpeoplesufferhearinglosslinkedtomanycauses,includingnoise,geneticconditions,infectious（傳染性）diseasesandaging.Itnoteshalfofallcasesofhearinglossareavoidable.1.Loudmusicisthreatening_____oftheirhearing.A

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U.N.agencyB

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peopleworkwithWHOC

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youngpeopleD

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elderadults2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A

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Thehearingdamagedbyloudnoisecan’tbecured.B

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Goodmusicwillnothurtpeople’shearing.C.

Loudermusicisbetterthanlightmusictopeople’sear.D

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Experiencingreallyloudmusicisgood.3.AccordingtoWHO,whichisasafesound?A

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noiseofhigherthan100decibelsB

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noiseoflowerthan85decibelsC

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10hours’noiseof85decibelsD

.15minutes’noiseof100decibels4.Theunderlinedword‘monitor’inparagraph6means_____.A

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keeptrackofB

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keepaneyeonC

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keepwithinD

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keepthesame5.WhatdoestheU.N.Agencythinkofthe360millionpeoplesufferinghearingloss?A

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Theyareinfectious.B

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Theyarebecomingold.C

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Itisbecauseoftheirgeneticconditions.D

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Manyofthemcanbeprevented.★B閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案.Doctorshavebeenwarningforyearsthatsecondhandsmokeleadstomanytypesofillness.However,manychildrenaroundtheworldliveinareaswhereadultsregularlysmoke.AjournalcalledAnnalsofFamilyMedicinerecentlypublishedanarticlecallingfordoctorstostarttreatingchildren'scontactwithsecondhandsmokeasabuse（惡習(xí)）.Inthatcase,contacttosecondhandsmokewouldbeviewedmuchlikephysicalabuse.

TheauthorofthearticleisaprofessoratUniversityofNorthCarolinaSchoolofMedicine.Dr.AdamGoldsteinsayssecondhandsmokecausesmanydiseasesinchildren.Thesediseasesincludeasthma（哮喘）andpneumonia（肺炎）.Headdsthatnoamountofsecondhandsmokeissafe.TheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionagreethatsecondhandsmokecancauseserioushealthproblemsinchildren.Theysaythatcomparedtochildrenwhogrowupinhomeswithoutsmokers,childrenwithparentswhosmokehavesmallerlungsandmore

illnesses.

ThearticleaboutsecondhandsmokeandchildrencomesatthesametimetheWorldHealthOrganizationisincreasingcallstofightagainsttobaccocompanies.Dr.MargaretChanisthedirector-generaloftheorganization.Shesaysshebelievestobaccocompaniesaretryingtoavoidandevenweakenanti-tobaccolaws.SpeakinginMarchattheWorldConferenceonTobaccoorHealthintheUnitedArabEmirates,Dr.Chanwarnedthefightagainsttobaccocompaniesisgoingtobedifficult.But,sheadded,"Weshouldnotgiveupuntilwemakesurethetobaccoindustrygoesoutofbusiness."Otherleadingpublichealthresearcherswhospokeattheconferencecalledforthesaleoftobaccotoendby2040.

Aboutonebillionpeopleareexpectedtodiefromsmokingandotherformsoftobaccooverthenextcentury.Mostofthesedeathswillbeinlow-to-middle-incomecountries.1.Whoarethemostinnocentvictimofsmoke?A

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Regularsmokers.B

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Secondhandsmokers.C

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Children.D

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Doctors.2.Itislike_____forchildrentocontactwithsecondhandsmoke.A

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asthmaB

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pneumoniaC

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diseasesD

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physicalabuse3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A

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Childreninanon-smokerfamilyhavelargerlungs.B

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Childrenwithparentswhosmokehavefewerlungillnesses.C

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Childreninanon-smokerfamilyhavesmallerlungs.D

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Childrenwithparentswhosmokehavesmallerchancestogetillnesses.4.Dr.MargaretChan’sfinalgoalisto_____.A

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drivetobaccoindustryoutofbusinessB

.endtobaccosalebytheyear2040C

.weakenanti-tobaccolawsD

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fightagainsttobaccocompanies5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A

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Onebillionpeopleareexpectedtodiefromsmoking.B

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Itiseasytodiefromsmokingandotherformsoftobacco.C

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Smokeaffectsmoreinlow-to-middle-incomecountries.D

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Mostofsmokersareinlow-to-middle-incomecountries.★C閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案.ResearchersrecentlycompletedastudyofanewmethodofgivinghealthcaretowomeninNorthernNigeria（尼日利亞）.Theyfoundwomenandchildrenwouldusehealthservicesmoreoftenwhentheycouldseeafemalehealthworker.NorthernNigeriaisconservative（保守的）areawithapopulationthatismostlyMuslim.Dr.SallyFindleyisaprofessoratColumbiaUniversityMedicalCenter.Sheco-wrotethereportonthestudy.Shesaiditisunusualforwomentoworkashealthcareprovidersthere.Nigeriahasoneoftheworld'shighestdeathratesofwomenconnectedwithpregnancyandchildbirth.Thisiscalledthe"maternaldeath"rate.TheworstrateofmaternaldeathinNigeriaisinthenorthernregion.Malehealthworkersdotravelfromtowntotown,butmanywomenpatientsdonotwanttotalkwithamanabouttheirownhealthcareneeds.Dr.FindleysaidthetrialstudyinJigawastaterequiredthatmanyinthecommunitybeinvolved.Italsoneededsupportfromreligiousleaders,evenonsuchmattersastransportationfortheworkers.TheprogrambroughtwomenintonorthernNigeriaasCommunityHealthExtensionWorkers.Itseemstheywereabigsuccessintheircommunity.Therewerefivetimesmorevisitstothehealthcenterafterthewomenhealthworkersarrivedthanbefore.Dr.Findleysaidtheprogramchangedthemindsofthewomentakingpart.ThewomenofnorthernNigeriacouldgethealthcareatallhoursinthelocalclinic.Mothersgothelpfromwomenwhentheyhadnormalbirths.Ifamothergivingbirthneededmorehelp,theCommunityHealthExtensionWorkerssenthertoahospital.Theyalsogaveadviceonfamilyplanning.StateofficialsinJigawawerehappywiththepositiveresultsofthestudy.Theyplantoexpandtheprogramofwomencommunityhealthworkers.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A

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researchersliketogivehealthcaretowomeninNorthernNigeriaB

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inNorthernNigeriawomenandchildrenonlylikewomendoctorsC

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researchersstudiedanewmethodofgivinghealthcaretowomeninNorthernNigeriaD

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inNorthernNigeriawomentendtoseekhelpfromfemaledoctors2.Whatis‘maternaldeath’?A

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Womendiewhengivingbirth.B

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Womendieofpregnancy.C

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Womenwerekilledbytheirbaby.D

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BothAandB.3.WhichisnotthereasonthatNorthernNigeriahastheworstmaternaldeathrate?A

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ThepopulationthereismostlyMuslin.B

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Fewwomenworkashealthcareproviders.C

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Womendon’twanttotalkwithmendoctors.D

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Theyareconservative.4.Itis________thatchangedthesituationofwomenhealthcareinNorthernNigeria.A

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changingthemindsofwomenB

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givingthemadviceonfamilyplanningC

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bringingwomendoctorstotheareaD

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sendingwomenwithbabiestohospitals5.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A

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Thetransportationofthecountrywillbeimproved.B

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Thegovernmentwillexpandtheprogram.C

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Dr.SallyFindleywillcontinueherresearch.D

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Dr.SallyFindleywillbesenttoanotherhospital.★D閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案.OwaishBatliwala,10,fromMumbai,India,admittedspendingthreetofourhourseachdayplayinggamesonhistabletcomputer.Whenhestartedcomplainingaboutaneckpain,hismotherMehzabinbecameconcerned.“MysongotaprobleminhisneckaroundJune,July.Thepaingraduallyspreadtohishandandhisback,thiswastheproblem,”sheexplained.“HeplaysforhoursontheiPadandmobilephone.Heplaysregularlyforatleastfortwo-threehours,that’swhatcausedtheproblem.”PhysicaltherapistSadiaVanjarasaidthenumberofyoungchildrenwithchronicpaininupperextremitiesisontherise.“Theyarenotageing,theyhaven'thadanaccident,theirageislike,under10,theyarenotcomplaining,thebloodreportsarefine,theirX-raysarefine,theirMRI'sarefine,thenwhereistheculprit?Andthatistheverycommonthingthatishappeningamongstallchildrenandthatissmartphonesandthegadgets,”Vanjarasaid.TherearemoresmartphoneusersinIndiatoday.NetworkingtechnologygiantCiscoestimatestheirnumberswillincreasefrom140milliontodayto651millionbytheendofthedecade.StudentNidaJameel,19,saidshefeltpaininherpinkiefinger,wheretheweightofhersmartphonerestsmostoftheday.“AsIusephone24/7like,soprobablyyeah,itwasbecauseofthephone,continuoususageandSnapchat,Whatsapp,moreandmoreyouknowsocialmediacoming,solikephoneisthecenterofeverything,”shesaid.Withcorrectposture,paincanbeprevented,soVanjaraalsoteacheschildrenhowtoholdtheirgadgetscorrectly.“Ifyouholdthephoneupinfrontofyou,yourheadwillnotbebentdowntolookatitandsoyourneckwon’tgetstrained,”shesaid.Withthenumberofsmartphonesandotherhandhelddevicesconstantlyontherise,Vanjarapredictswewillseenotonlyphysicalbutalsopsychologicalandemotionalailmentsstemmingfromtheirexcessiveuse.1.WhatproblemdidOwaishBatliwalahaveatthebeginning?A

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Hefeltpaininh