新教材高中外研英語(yǔ)選擇性學(xué)案Unit5突破語(yǔ)法大沖關(guān)

非限定動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞的非限定形式(即非謂語(yǔ)形式)作主語(yǔ)[觀察例句]1．Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.2．Itisnouseplainingwithouttakingaction.3．Toclimbthemountainishardworkbuttogodownthemountainisgreatfun.4．Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.[歸納用法]1．-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。常用于固定句型：It'sawasteoftimedoing...；It'snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuselessdoing...；Thereisno...等中。2．不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。3．it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式或-ing形式是真正的主語(yǔ)，放在句子后部，以使句子保持平衡。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hising(e)latemadetheteacherveryangry.②Itisnousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.③Tosee(see)istobelieve.④Itisimportanttorespect(respect)people.二、動(dòng)詞的非限定形式作賓語(yǔ)[觀察例句]1．MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.2．Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.3．Doyoumindbeinginterruptedwhilestudying?4．Mymothercouldn'thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.[歸納用法]1．下列動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;refuse，manage，care，pretend;offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等2．下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后只能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon;admit，delay/putoff，fancy(想象，設(shè)想);avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice;deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;forbid，imagine，risk;can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape此外，下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)：beused/accustomedto，leadto，devoteto，gobackto，stickto，objectto，getdownto，payattentionto，can'tstand(無(wú)法忍受)，giveup，feellike，insiston，thank...for，apologizefor，bebusy(in)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，spendtime(in)，lookforwardto3．下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后既可以用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：后接不定式后接動(dòng)名詞regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過(guò)某事remembertodosth.記得要去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事trytodosth.努力/企圖去做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事Ihadmeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.我本來(lái)打算今天給你這本書的，可是我忘了。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯(cuò)過(guò)這輛火車意味著再等一小時(shí)。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Davidrefusedtoaccept(accept)myinvitation.②Ihadgreatdifficultyfinding(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.③Billsuggestedholding(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.三、動(dòng)詞的非限定形式作表語(yǔ)[觀察例句]1．Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.2．Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.3．Ourtaskisplayingallkindsofmusic.4．Myjobisteaching.[歸納用法]1．不定式作表語(yǔ)常用來(lái)表示預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用來(lái)表示未來(lái)的可能性和假設(shè)；但當(dāng)不定式所作的表語(yǔ)僅用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容時(shí)，這時(shí)的不定式只作單純的表語(yǔ)，而不具有未來(lái)的含義。2．-ing形式作表語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。[即學(xué)即練3]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thequeen'sworkislaying(lay)eggs.②Thepurposeofeducationistodevelop(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.③Thenextstepistomake(make)surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.④Hisambitionistogo(go)HarvardUniversity.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Beingsurrounded(surround)bybeautifulgreenmountainsandlocatedatthefootofMount2．Theyneverquitlooking(look)forawaytogetwheretheyaresupposedtogo!3．TheclubsinArgentinacouldn'thelphim，butthefamousBarcelonaclubinSpainofferedtoaccept(accept)Messionthejuniorteamandpayforthebills.4．Scientistshavediscoveredthatstaying(stay)inthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.5．It'sneverfoolishtoacknowledge(acknowledge)youarewrong.Beinghumans，weallneedtheartofapology.6．Firstly，youshouldconsiderdividing(divide)themintodifferentgroups—whoarethepeopleyoudon'tknowwellbutseeprettymuchdaily.7．Heappreciatedbeinggiven(give)achancetomakeapresentationintheannualseminaronparativeLiterature.8．Agreatdealisyettodo(do).9．Itwouldbewrongforpeopletomarry(marry)formoney.10．Hehopestocreate(create)anenvironmentforhisstudentsthatismuchmorerelaxingthantheoneheusedtostudyin.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.看起來(lái)他正在他的房間里面讀書。2．Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。3．MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國(guó)的情況是很重要的。4．Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited．他未被邀請(qǐng)就來(lái)參加晚會(huì)了。5．Readingaloud大聲朗讀是很有好處的。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoone1.tolove(love)her.Oneday，2.feeling(feel)verysadandlonely，shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterfly3.caught(catch)inathornybush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadof4.flying(fly)away，thelittlebutterflychangedintoabeautifulfairy.“Inreturnforyourwonderfulkindness，”thegoodfairysaidtothegirl，“Iwillgiveyouanywishthatyouwouldlike5.toget(get).”Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthenreplied，“Iwanttobehappy.”6．Leaning(lean)towardher，thefairywhisperedinherearandthendisappeared.Withthelittlegirl7.growing(grow)up，therewasnooneinthelandhappierthanshewas.Everyonewantedtomakethemselves8.told(tell)thesecretofhappinessbyher.Shewouldonlysmileandanswer，“ThesecretofmyhappinessisthatIlistenedtoagoodfairywhenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenshewasdying，theneighborsallgatheredaround