2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析(289-290)講義-高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbeingwhitecollarworkers.However,hehadatlastbeenallowedtosendacableinwhichheinformedtheeditorthathehadbeenarrestedwhilecountingthe1,084stepsleadingtothefifteenfootwallwhichsurroundedthepresident’spalace.長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbeingwhitecollarworkers.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句主干為suchishumannature,屬倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)閔umannatureissuch。1.that與such連用，構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此…以至于”，與so…that同義，such后加名詞或單獨(dú)作表語(yǔ)，so后加形容詞或副詞；2.ofbeingwhitecollarworkers作privilege的定語(yǔ)。【詞匯精講】nature/?ne?.t??/n.自然，本性【辨】nurturev.n.養(yǎng)育【組】bynature本質(zhì)上，natureandnurture先天與后天willing/?w?l.??/adj.愿意的【反】unwilling【名】willingness意愿【組】bewillingtodo愿意做sacrifice/?s?k.r?.fa?s/v.n.犧牲【形】sacred神圣的【組】sacrificeAforB，為了B犧牲Aprivilege/?pr?v.?l.?d?/n.特權(quán)【形】privileged享有特權(quán)的【參考譯文】此乃人之常情：許多人常常情愿犧牲較高的薪水以換取做白領(lǐng)的殊榮。However,hehadatlastbeenallowedtosendacableinwhichheinformedtheeditorthathehadbeenarrestedwhilecountingthe1,084stepsleadingtothefifteenfootwallwhichsurroundedthepresident’spalace.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為hehadatlastbeenallowedtosendacable。1.inwhichheinformedtheeditor…為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞cable，inwhich可替換為where；2.thathehadbeenarrested作inform的賓語(yǔ)從句,that可省；3.whilecountingthe1,084steps為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，while與counting之間省略了hewas；4.leadingtothefifteenfootwall作steps的定語(yǔ),因lead與steps存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用doing；5.whichsurroundedthepresident’spalace為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞wall。【詞匯精講】cable/?ke?.bl/n.電纜，電報(bào)【近】telegraph，telegram電報(bào)inform/?n?f??m/v.通知【組】informsb.ofsth.【名】information信息【形】informed明智的，有根據(jù)的arrest/??rest/v.n.逮捕【組】underarrest逮捕count/ka?nt/v.數(shù)數(shù)，很重要【組】counton指望【諺】Don'tcountyourchickensbeforethey'rehatched.不要高興得太早。surround/s??ra?nd/v.環(huán)繞【形】surrounding周?chē)摹久縮urroundings環(huán)境president/?prez.?.d?nt/n.總統(tǒng)，主席，總裁，校長(zhǎng)【形】presidential【名】presidency【參考譯文】然而，他最終還是獲準(zhǔn)發(fā)了一封電報(bào)，他告訴編輯他在數(shù)通往總統(tǒng)府15英尺高圍墻的1084級(jí)臺(tái)階時(shí)被捕了。長(zhǎng)難句拓展1.Demandesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmomandpopgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretoosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon’teatathome.①小詞典grocery[?ɡr??s?ri]n.食品雜貨店；食品雜貨cater[?ke?t?(r)]vt.投合，迎合；滿足需要；提供飲食及服務(wù)②句子分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Demandesmainlyfromtwosources。whicharetwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾independentmomandpopgrocerystores，其中unlikelargeretailchains是插入語(yǔ)。and表并列，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾foodserviceoperators。③參考譯文：需求的來(lái)源主要有兩個(gè)：獨(dú)立經(jīng)營(yíng)的夫妻雜貨店，與大型零售連鎖店不同，它們太小而不能從生產(chǎn)商直接購(gòu)買(mǎi)貨品；另一個(gè)來(lái)源是滿足人們?cè)谕饩筒偷氖称贩?wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者。2.Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.①小詞典distinctly[d??st??ktli]adv.明顯地；無(wú)疑地，確實(shí)地distinct[d??st??kt]adj.清楚的，明顯的；不同的，有區(qū)別的；確切的shaky[??e?ki]adj.搖晃的；不可靠的；不堅(jiān)定的shake[?e?k]v.搖動(dòng)，抖動(dòng)；削弱，動(dòng)搖；發(fā)抖，顫抖；握手；使震驚②句子分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Scientistsjumpedtotherescue...。介詞短語(yǔ)withsomedistinctlyshakyevidence是方式狀語(yǔ)。thatinsectswouldeatusup是其前evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。③參考譯文：科學(xué)家們急忙介入，但提出的證據(jù)顯然站不住腳，其大意是，如果鳥(niǎo)類不能控制昆蟲(chóng)的數(shù)量，昆蟲(chóng)便會(huì)吞噬我們?nèi)祟悺?.Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.①小詞典intrinsic[?n?tr?nz?k]adj.本質(zhì)的，固有的absence[??bs?ns]n.沒(méi)有；缺乏；缺席；不注意absent[??bs?nt]adj.缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的v.缺席，離開(kāi)②句子分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是wehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepoint。介詞短語(yǔ)ofadmittingthatbirdsshould...economicadvantagetous是point的后置定語(yǔ)，其中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，作admitting的賓語(yǔ)。regardlessof...是讓步狀語(yǔ)。③參考譯文：但是我們至少近乎承認(rèn)，無(wú)論鳥(niǎo)類能否帶給我們經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，它們自有生存下去的權(quán)利。4.Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon“worthless”species.①小詞典overwork[???v??w??k]v.使工作過(guò)度，使過(guò)度勞累；對(duì)……使用過(guò)度，濫用n.勞累過(guò)度；過(guò)于繁重的工作preserve[pr??z??v]vt.保存；保護(hù)；維持；腌制；禁獵n.保護(hù)區(qū)；禁獵地；果醬，腌菜②句子分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Timewas，when引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是biologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidence。兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是theevidence的兩個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，介詞短語(yǔ)bykillingthephysicallyweak是方式狀語(yǔ)。③參考譯文：曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間，生物學(xué)家或多或少濫用了一種證據(jù)，即這些生物通過(guò)殺死體弱者來(lái)保持種群的健康，或者說(shuō)它們僅僅捕食沒(méi)有價(jià)值的物種。長(zhǎng)難句精講精練Onemanstayedatthewheelwhiletwootherswithblackstockingsovertheirfacesjumpedoutandsmashedthewindowoftheshopwithironbars.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為while連接的并列句，while可理解為“而”，表前后對(duì)比。1.withblackstockingsovertheirfaces為“with+名詞+介詞詞組”結(jié)構(gòu)，作twoothers的定語(yǔ)；2.withironbars作smashed的方式狀語(yǔ)?！驹~匯精講】wheel/wi?l/n.輪子，車(chē)輪v.推【組】at/behindthewheel開(kāi)車(chē)stocking/?st?k.??/n.長(zhǎng)筒襪【辨】stockn.庫(kù)存，股票v.儲(chǔ)備adj.老一套的smash/sm??/v.粉碎，猛撞n.打碎聲，撞擊聲【組】smashandgrabraid砸櫥窗搶劫iron/a??n/n.鐵，熨斗v.熨衣服adj.鋼鐵般的【辨】ironyn.諷刺bar/bɑ?/n.條狀物，酒吧v.阻擋【組】barcode條形碼【俚】behindbars在監(jiān)獄里【參考譯文】一人留在駕駛座上，而另外兩個(gè)臉上蒙著黑絲襪的人跳下車(chē)，用鐵棒砸碎商店的櫥窗玻璃。Oneofthethieveswasstruckbyaheavystatue,buthewastoobusyhelpinghimselftodiamondstonoticeanypain.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為but連接的并列句，強(qiáng)調(diào)but之后的內(nèi)容。toobusytonoticeanypain為“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“太…而不能…”；bebusydoing意為“忙于做”，同bebusywithsth，beoccupiedwithsth；helponeselftosth意為“自取某物”?！驹~匯精講】thief/θi?f/n.小偷【動(dòng)】steal偷盜【名】theft盜竊【近】pickpocket扒手strike/stra?k/v.(strikestruckstruck)擊打，罷工，突然侵襲n.襲擊，罷工【組】strikesb.as…給人以…感覺(jué)【形】stricken遭受重創(chuàng)的statue/?st?t?.u?/n.雕像【近】sculpture【組】StatueofLiberty自由女神像【辨】statusn.地位diamond/?da??.m?nd/n.鉆石，菱形，（紙牌）方塊【諺】Diamondcutsdiamond.棋逢對(duì)手?！緟⒖甲g文】其中一個(gè)盜賊被一尊很重的雕像擊中，但他忙著搶鉆石，顧不上疼痛。3.Fortunatelyforthem,theBankofEnglandhasateamcalledMutilatedLadieswhichdealswithclaimsfrompeoplewhofedtheirmoneytoamachineortotheirdog.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為theBankofEnglandhasateam。1.calledMutilatedLadies作team的定語(yǔ)，因team與call存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用done；3.whichdealswithclaimsfrompeople為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞MutilatedLadies或team；4.whofedtheirmoneytoamachineortotheirdog同屬定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。【詞匯精講】fortunately/?f??.t??n.?t.li/adv.幸運(yùn)地【同】luckily【反】unfortunately不幸地【名】fortune運(yùn)氣，財(cái)富mutilate/?mju?.t?.le?t/v.使殘缺不全，毀壞claim/kle?m/v.n.聲稱，索賠，認(rèn)領(lǐng)【習(xí)】claimsb’slife奪去生命【辨】calmv.adj.平靜feed/fi?d/v.（feedfedfed）喂養(yǎng)【組】feedon以…為食，befedupwith厭倦【參考譯文】值得慶幸的是，英格蘭銀行有一個(gè)殘鈔鑒別組，受理那些把錢(qián)塞進(jìn)機(jī)器或喂狗的人們的索賠。Nowthatatunnelhasbeenbuiltthroughthemountains,thePassislessdangerous,buteachyear,thedogsarestillsentoutintothesnowwheneveratravellerisindifficulty.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句為but連接的并列句。1.Nowthatatunnelhasbeenbuiltthroughthemountains為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，nowthat意為“既然，由于”，同since或as；2.wheneveratravellerisindifficulty屬時(shí)間或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，whenever同nomatterwhen，意為“不論什么時(shí)候”，whenever較when語(yǔ)氣更重?！驹~匯精講】tunnel/?t?n.?l/n.隧道v.挖地道【組】tunnelvision一孔之見(jiàn)【辨】channeln.渠道，頻道，海峽indifficulty有困難，有麻煩【近】introuble【組】havedifficulty(in)doing做…有困難monastery/?m?n.?.stri/n.修道院，寺院【名】monk修道士，僧侶【參考譯文】由于山里挖了一條隧道