2020-2021學(xué)年高一年級(jí)上冊(cè)12月月考試卷

2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期向明中學(xué)12月質(zhì)量監(jiān)控考

高一年級(jí)英語試卷

（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘，滿分100分，附加題10分）

I.ListeningComprehension（20分，每題1分）

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.About5:30.B.About6:30.C.About7:30.D.About8:30.

2.A.Anewprofessor.B.Adepartmenthead.

C.Ageneralmanager.D.Anengineer.

3.A.Findaplace.B.Buyamap.

C.Getanaddress.D.Showtheway.

4.A.Weather.B.Clothes.C.News.D.Radio.

5.A.Sayingsomethingwrong.B.Missingtheinterview.

C.Havinganaccident.D.Doingsomethingsilly.

6.A.Shewantshersontouseanewkey.B.Shefeelsverysorryforherson.

C.Shedisbelievesherson.D.Sheforgivesherson.

7.A.Shewilltaketheman'ssuggestion.

B.Herinvitationwillberefusedbyallthestudents.

C.Shewillnotsendouttheinvitation.

D.Sheplanstosendoutalltheinvitations.

8.A.Hedidn'tknowwhichhospitalBillwasin.

B.HetookBilltothehospital.

C.Heforgottocallthewoman.

D.Heslippedonthewaytohospital.

9.A.Quitedifficult.B.Veryinteresting.

C.Toosimple.D.Tooheavy.

10.A.Shehasn'theardfromtheprofessorinaweek.

B.Theclasshasextratimetocompletetheassignment.

C.Thewomanonlyjustfoundoutabouttheeconomicspaper.

D.Itisimpossibleforthemantoturnintheeconomicpaperontime.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwill

beaskedquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyour

paperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Seriousanddiligent.B.Honestandhappy.

C.Friendlyandoptimistic.D.Talentedandconfident.

12.A.Shewascheeredupbytheshirtman'sstory.

B.Shewasimpressedbytheshirtman'sfriendliness.

C.Sheregrettedthatshedidnotasktheshirtman'sname.

D.Shefeltshewasmuchluckierthantheshirtman.

13.A.Shehatesmidtermsandjobinterviews.

B.Shehasrealizedherdreamwiththehelpofherprofessorsandclassmates.

C.Sheisthankfulforthevaluablelessonsshehaslearnedfromothers.

D.Sheremembersmomentswhenpeopleworkedtosolveaproblemtogetherbest.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Theywanttolearnhowtospeakinothers'dialects.

B.Theynevernoticethem.

C.Theyareashamedofthem.

D.Theyshowprideinthem.

15.A.Thenumberofpeoplewhospeakindialectsisgettingsmallerandsmalle匚

B.Therewon'tbeanydialectsanymoreinthenearfuture.

C.TherearemoredialectsinsomepartsofBritainthanthereareinothers.

D.Thereweremoredialects100yearsagothantherewere200yearsago.

16.A.Ithascausedpeoplemoreproblemsinunderstandingeachother.

B.IthasreducedtheattractivenessofBritishculture.

C.IthasplayeditspartinhelpingEnglishbecomeaworldlanguage.

D.Ithascreatedmoreopportunitiesforcommunication.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.He'sgotaddictedtotechnology.B.Heisnotverygoodatsocializing.

C.Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging.D.Hedoesnottalklongonthephone.

18.A.Talkbig.B.Talkatlength.

C.Gossipalot.D.Forgetherself.

19.A.Hethoughtitwascool.B.Heneededthepractice.

C.Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.D.Hehadanurgentmessagetosend.

20.A.Itisachallengetoseniors.B.Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.

C.Itischildishandunprofessional.D.Itiscoolandconvenient.

II.GrammarandVocabulary.（25分）

SectionA（10分）

Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choose

theoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

21.Ithascomeundercriticismbecauseiteffectivelyforcesteenagers-atthepeakoftheirlearning

powers―learningnewthingsandinsteadconcentrateonmasteringthethingsthey'vealready

learned.

A.stoppingB.stopC.stoppedD.tostop

22.ButIlearnedfromMrsCaffierethatmyteachershadsomuchmoreknowledge.

A.tobesharedB.sharedC.toshareD.tohavebeenshared

23.ItwasonlylastmonthHamiltonbrokeShumacher'srecordof91careerwins.

A.whenB.beforeC.thatD.until

24.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreadersconsumercomplaintshaveresultedin

changesinthelaw.

A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which

25.Threetoughguysgotonthebus,besideayoungboyandbegantobullyhim.

A.standB.stoodC.standingD.tostand

26.Inthecentreofthegardenalargenumberofpeople.

A.seatsB.seatC.isseatedD.areseated

27.Ihavenodoubthe'llcometoourhelpifwecallhim.

A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.when

28.Goandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftityesterday.

A.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere

29.theagreementwhichhadbeenreachedbeforethedeal,thecorporationstillcouldn'tfinishthetask

beforethedeadline.

A.DespiteofB.IncaseofC.IntermsofD.Inspiteof

30.Duetotheheavyrainanddensefbg,thesportsmeetingwasandtheschoolboardhasn'tmade

uptheirmindswhentoholdit.

A.calledoffD.putupC.putoffD.takenoff

SectionB（5分）

Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,Hllintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.

Imagine31（live）inahugehouse,ahousesobigthatyoudon'tknowhowmanyroomsithas!

LadyCarnarvon,ownerofHighclereCastle,isnotsureaboutthenumberofrooms,butshedoesknowthat

HighclereisoneofthebiggesthousesinEngland.Fromtheoutside,thecastlelooksliketheHousesofParliament

inLondon.Infact,thesameperson,SirCharlesBarry,32（build）bothplaces.WhenBarryfinished

buildingHighclerein1842,thecastlehadmorethan50rooms,includingoneroomwitha15-meter-highceiling!

Butthisroomwasonlyused33specialoccasions.

Nowadays,Highclereisoneofthemostwell-knownhomesinBritain,butit'snotbecauseofitsinteresting

past.ItisbecauseHighclereisthestarofaBritishTVshowcalledDowntonAbbey.Theshowisallaboutthelife

of34upper-classfamilyinthe1910s,andmostofthestorytakesplaceinsideHighclere.Thecastleis

suchamarvelousplace35isintheshow.FanslovecomingtoHighclereandmanyhopetoseetheir

favouriteactorstoo!

SectionC（10分）

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.attentionB.coinedC.blessedD.stimulatedE.marvelousF.cost

G.miracleH.concentrationI.intenseJ.pointK.referred

Artoccursinmanyforms:music,dance,painting,architecture,sculpture,cinema,andliterature,among

others.Worksofartcanmakepeoplefeelmoved,eventothe36.oftears.InthecaseofStendhal

syndrome（綜合癥狀），however,thisfeelingisso37.thatapersoncanexperiencearapid

heartbeat,dizziness,sweating,orfainting.Itmayevenrequirehospitalization.IntheItaliancityofFlorence,

numerousvisitorsviewingthe38.Renaissancearttherehaveexperiencedthisandhaverequired

medical39..Thoughnotprofessionallyrecognized,thiscondition-now40.toas

Stendhalsyndrome-doesexist.

Whilegreatartisfoundineverycivilization,Florencehasbeenespecially41..Asmallcity

withahistoricalcenter,itisinternationallyadmiredfbritsamazing42.ofRenaissanceart.

Florenceinthe15thand16thcenturiesattractedthetalentofmanygeniuses:artists,scientists,andauthors

werewelcomedhere.SomeofthegreatestWesternworksofartcanbefoundinFlorence,suchasthestatue

ofDavidbyMichelangelo,TheBirthofVenusbyBotticelli,andthefrescoes（壁畫）byGiottointheBasilica

ofSantaCroce.Inaddition,LeonardodaVincileftworkshere.GalileoGalileiandNiccoloMachiavelliare

buriedhere.

ThesyndromeisnamedafterStendhal,aFrenchauthorwhovisitedFlorencein1817.Hedescribedhis

experienceofbeingfascinatedbythehistoricandartisticpowerofthecityinoneofhisbooks.Thoughthe

termStendhalsyndromewasnot43.until1979byItalianpsychiatristGraziellaMagherini,the

illnesshadalreadyhadalonghistory.Patientsusuallyrecoverwithindaysoftheirattackswithoutany

44.drugotherthanrestandquiet.Forthem,the45.ofviewingthepowerandbeauty

ofFlorenceisabrieftriptoahospital.

III.ReadingComprehension（38分）

SectionA（15分）

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

TheMarketforSelf-helpBooksIsbooming

BookshopsinChinaarefilledwithworksofferingadviceonself-betterment.Topicsrangefromcopingwith

shyness（"HowtoMakeFriendswithStrangersinOneMinute^^）tosucceedinginbusiness（"Financial

ManagementinSevenMinutes"）.Thetitleofonerecentbestsellerurges:"Don'tOptfbr46at

theStageofLifethatisMeanttobeDifficult”.Theirpopularityand47reflectthestressesof

asocietyinrapidflux-oneinwhichpathstowealthareopeningupinwaysbarelyimaginableagenerationago.

48statisticsonChina'sbookmarketarehardtofind.ButaccordingtoastudybyEric

Hendriks-Kim,asociologistattheUniversityofBonn,self-helpbooksmay49almost

one-thirdofChina'sprinted-bookmarket.InAmericatheymakeuponly6%ofadultnon-fictionprintsales,

reckonsNPDGroup,aresearchfirm.

AlthoughChina'sleaderskeepstressingtheneedfbrChinatobe50,seekersof

adviceonhowtosucceedoftenturntoAmericanbooksforguidance.InChinalastyearthetoptenself-help

sellersincluded51ofseveralAmericanworks,suchas“HowtoWinFriendsand

InfluencePeople”.

Chinesereadersappearmoreeagerfbrsuchimportsthanpeopleinmanyothercountriesthatare

52closertoAmerica.ThatmaybebecausebothChinaandAmericaare

“hyper-competitive”,arguesMrHendriks-Kim,whohasdescribedthisinhisbook.Intheearly2000saChinese

translationof“WhoMovedMyCheese?”,amotivationalbookbyanAmerican,DrSpencerJohnson,becameso

popularthataplaybasedonit53theatresandtheChinesewordfbrcheeseacquiredanew

meaning:one'sownself-interest.Booksproliferated（激增）inChinawithcheeseintheir

54.

Chinahasalongtraditionofreadingfor55purposes.In2018,fictionmakesup7%

ofsales,comparedwithmorethan30%inGermany.U4OneofthemoststrikingfeaturesofChina'smarketfor

booksisitsabsoluteandpassionate56tolife/5saidareportin2006byArtsCouncil

England.The57educationsystemleaveslittletimetodevelopinterpersonalskills,so

people,desperateforadviceonhowtosellthemselves,turntoself-helpbooksinstead.

Perhapstheself-helpindustryhascomefull58.59,China's

6th-century-BCmasterpieceforwould-begenerals,“TheArtofWar”bySunTzu,wasarguablytheself-help

prototype.Itstitlehasbeenechoed,consciouslyorotherwise,inthenamesofcountlessotherbooksofthegenre.

OnesuchisDonaldTrump's"The60oftheDeaF,.Itsfifthandmostrecenttranslationin

Chinawaspublishedin2016.

46.A.desireB.comfortC.smoothnessD.goal

47.A.featuresB.illustrationsC.coversD.contents

48.A.reliableB.accessibleC.calculableD.predictable

49.A.bemadeupofB.consistofC.takeoverD.accountfor

50.A.self-interestedB.self-motivatedC.self-reliantD.self-disciplined

51.A.adaptationsB.editionsC.translationsD.versions

52.A.culturallyB.geographicallyC.historicallyD.economically

53.A.maintainedB.touredC.travelledD.backed

54.A.modesB.listsC.patternsD.titles

55.A.affordableB.practicalC.feasibleD.academic

56.A.aimB.similarityC.relevanceD.root

57.A.quality-directedB.job-centeredC.skills-orientedD.exam-fbcused

58.A.realizationB.fulfillmentC.destinationD.circle

59.A.AfterallB.AboveallC.AllinallD.Inall

60.A.MethodsB.StrategiesC.TechniquesD.Art

SectionB（15分）

Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbest

accordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

ShehadbeenshoppingwithherMominWal-Mart.Shemusthavebeensixyearsold.Abeautiful

brown-haired,freckle-facedgirl,bearingtheimageofinnocence.

Itwaspouringheavilyoutside.WeallstoodtherejustinsidethedooroftheWal-Mart.Wewaited,some

patiently,othersannoyedbecausenaturemesseduptheirhurriedday.Igotlostinthesoundandsightofthe

heavenswashingawaythedirtanddustoftheworld.

Hervoicewassosweetthatitbrokethehypnotictrance（昏昏欲睡）wewereallcaughtin."Mom,let'srun

throughtherain,“shesaid.

“What?”Momasked.

“Let'srunthroughtherain!”sherepeated.

“No,honey.We'llwaituntilitletsupaMomreplied.

Thisyoungchildwaitedaboutanotherminuteandrepeated:"Mom,let'srunthroughtherain.^^

“We'Hgetsoakedifwedo,“Momsaid.

“No,wewon't,Mom.Thafsnotwhatyousaidthismorning,theyounggirlsaidasshepulledherMom's

arm.

“Thismorning?WhendidIsaywecouldrunthroughtherainandnotgetwet?”

“Don'tyouremember?WhenyouweretalkingtoDaddyabouthiscancer,yousaid,'ifGodcangetus

throughthis,hecangetusthroughanything!'"

Theentirecrowdstoppeddeadsilent.Idaresayyoucouldn'thearanythingbuttherain.Weallstoodsilently.

Noonecameinorleftinthenextfewminutes.Mompausedandthoughtforamomentaboutwhatshewouldsay.

Now,somewouldlaughitoffandscoldherforbeingsilly.Somemightevenignorewhatwassaid.Butthis

wasamomentofaffirmalioninayoungchild'slife,atimewheninnocenttrustcanbenurtured(培育)sothatit

willbloomintofaith.

“Honey,youareabsolutelyright.Lefsrunthroughtherain.IfGodletsusgetwet,maybewejustneed

washing/5Momsaid.Thenofftheyran.

Weallstoodwatching,smilingandlaughingastheyrushedpastthecarsand,yes,throughthepuddles.They

heldtheirshoppingbagsovertheirheadsjustincase.Theygotsoaked.Buttheywerefollowedbyafewwho

screamedandlaughedlikechildrenallthewaytotheircars.Andyes,Idid.Iran,too.Igotwet.IguessIjust

neededwashing.

61.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“affirmation”?

A.Happiness.

B.Approval.

C.Disagreement.

D.Love.

62.Whatdoweknowaboutthemotherinthestory?

A.Herhusbandhadbeencuredofcancer.

B.Shewasstrong-willedandconsiderate.

C.Shewasindespairandpretendedtoforgetwhatshesaid.

D.Herdaughtercompletelyunderstoodthesituationherfamilywasin.

63.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Themothershouldnottellherchildaboutthefamilymisfortune.

B.Parentsshouldactmorebravelythantheirchildren.

C.Parentsshouldgraspeveryopportunitytoinfluencetheirchildrenpositively.

D.Childrenmustlearntoshowgratitudeandunderstandingtotheirparents.

64.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe"

A.RunningThroughtheRain

B.ADeterminedMother

C.WaitingintheRain

D.AWonderfulExperience

(B)

TRAINTRAVELINFORMATION

Weofferseveraldistinctoptionsforyoutochoosetheticketthatsuitsyoubest.

TickettypeDiscount*Notes

returnwithin60daysofthe

standardreturns20%

outwardtrip

ticketcannotbealteredor

same-dayreturns25%

refunded

children40%childrenbetween1and11

students25%studentcardmustbeshown

seniorcitizens25%seniorcardmustbeshown

groupsdiscountoneachsectionof

15%

(10-25people)thetrip

accordingtoRailpass.TouristCardor

globe-trottertickets

theticketEconopassmustbeshown

?Onlyonediscountmayapplytoeachfare.

CHANGESANDREFUNDS

Ticketsmayberefundednolaterthanfiveminutesbeforethedepartureofthetrainforachargeof15%ofthe

ticketprice,orthejourneymaybechangedtoanotherdayforachargeof10%oftheticketprice.(Notapplicable

tosame-dayreturns.)

CHANGESFORSAME-DAYTRAVEL

Youmaychangeyourticketoncewithoutchargeforajourneyonthesamedayastheoriginalticket.

INFORMATIONOFINTERESTTOTRAVELERS

1.Whenyoubuyaticket,youmustcheckthatthedatesandtimesofthejourneyonitareexactlythesameas

theseyourequested.

2.Ticketcontrolandaccesstoeachtrainplatformwillbeopenuntiltwominutesbeforethedepartureofthetrain.

3.Eachtravelermaytakeonesuitcaseandoneitemofhandluggage.Youmayalsocheckin15kgofluggageno

laterthan30minutesbeforedeparture,atnoextracharge.

4.Ifyouwouldliketocharteratrainormakereservationsfbrover25passengerstravelingtogether,pleasecall

theSalesDepartment.

OURTIMETABLEISGUARANTEED

Ifthearrivalofyourtrainatthedestinationisdelayedbymorethanfiveminutesaccordingtothetimetableandif

thedelayiscausedbyus,wewillrefundthefullpriceofyourticket.

65.Iftwo85-year-oldtravelerswanttobuytwo"standardretums^^tickets,theywillreceiveadiscountin

all.

A.20%B.25%C.45%D.50%

66.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.AlargegroupofpeoplewhowanttotraveltogetherandreserveseatsshouldvisittheSalesDepartment.

B.Passengerscanchangetheirjourneytoanotherdayforfree.

C.Thefullpriceofthetrainticketcanberefundedifthetrainisdelayed.

D.Itisthepassenger'sresponsibilitytomakesurethatthedatesandtimesontheticketarecorrect.

67.Thispassageismainlywrittento.

A.introducetheluggageallowanceonthetrain

B.givesomekeyinformationontraintravel

C.describethepoliciesofchangesandrefunds

D.comparethediscountsofdifferenttickettypes

(C)

AWallofWater

Atteno'clockonthemorningofMay25,2009,NasirUddinwasstandingoutsidehismudhouse.Henoticed

thattherivernexttohishousewashigherthannormal.Helookedtowardthesea.Hesuddenlysawahugewallof

brownwater.Itwasrushingtowardhim.Withinminutes,thewatercameintohishouse.Itwashedawaythemud

walls.Uddinandhisthreeyoungdaughtersjumpedontothekitchentable.UIwassurewewerealldead,“helater

said.Incredible,anemptyboatpassedby.Hemanagedtoputhisdaughtersintheboat.Heheldontoitsside.This

Bangladeshifamilywasfortunate.Theysurvivedthisdisaster,buthundredsoftheirneighborsdied.

Floodshappenwhenariverorthesearisesandcoversdryland.Unfortunately,Bangladeshoftenexperiences

floods.Thisisbecausethemajorityofitslandislessthan15feet(5meters)abovesealevel.Thesealevelis

risingbecauseofglobalwarming.Asitrises,itcoversmorelandinBangladesh.Intheworstscenar沁.the

countrymayloseonequarterofitslandbytheendofthecentury.Thisisveryseriousbecausemillionsofpeople

liveclosetothesea.

Coastalfloodingisalsoverydestructivebecauseitcoversthelandwithsaltyseawater.Thesaltstaysinthe

soilevenafterthefloodisover.Whenthereistoomuchsalt,farmerscannotgrowtheircrops.Thisishappening

tofarmingcommunitiesinBangladesh.Frequentcoastalfloodingisdestroyingfarmsandcrops.Asaresult,many

formerscannolongerfarm.Unfortunately,farmersoftenhavenowheretogo.Theycannotmovetoanewarea

becauseBangladeshissocrowded.Infact,itisoneofthemostcrowdedcountriesintheworld.

Bangladeshisfacemanychallengesfromflooding.Yetthisisanationofstrongpeople.Theyarefinding

solutions.Bangladeshifarmersnowgrowspecialriceinsaltwater.Theyraiseseafoodsuchasshrimpandcrabin

areasclosesttothesea.Inaddition,theyhavebuilthugewallsofearth.Theyhopethesewallswillkeepthesea

awayfromtheirvegetablefarms.Theyhavealsobuiltsheltersanddevelopedanearly-warningsystem.4€Letme

tellyouaboutBangladeshis,saysZakirKibria,afarmingexpert.4tWemaybepoorbutwearenotvictims.”

So,whenUddinlosthishomethatday,hedidwhatmostBangladeshisdo:Herebuilt.Thistime,however,he

builthishouseoutofwood,notmud.Hewantshishometosurvivethenextflood.

68.Uddinandhisfamilysurvivedthesuddenfloodbecause.

A.hehadnotedthattherewasahugewallofbrownwater.

B.theywereabletorushoutofthehousebeforethewatercame.

C.hisdaughtersmanagedtogetonaboatwhichhehadprepared.

D.theywereveryluckyatthekeymomentwhilehisneighborsweren't.

69.Theunderlinedword“scenario“canbebestreplacedby.

A.caseB.planC.imaginationD.picture

70.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacontributortotheflooddisastersinBangladesh?

A.Thelandthereisnotveryhighabovesealevel.

B.Greenhouseeffectbringsabouttheincreaseofsealevel.

C.Peoplethereprefertolivealongthecoastlineratherthanmoveinland.

D.Floodingleavesthesoilwithsaltwhichpreventsplantsfromgrowingwell.

71.WhyisUddinmentionedagaininthelastparagraph?

A.Toinformreadersofhisrecentlife.

B.ToillustratethespiritofBangladeshis.

C.Tointroduceanewwayofbattlingfloods.

D.Toinspirereaderstotreasuretheirownlife.

（D）

“Whatiscivilization?^^askedKennethClark50yearsagointheinfluentialBBCseriesonthesubject.

don'tknow,andIcan'tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI'mlooking

atitnow."Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame

（巴黎圣母院）.

Itseemsinhumantocaremoreaboutabuildingthanaboutpeople.ThatthesightofNotreDamegoingupin

flameshasattractedsomuchmoreattentionthanfloodsinsouthernAfricawhichkilledover1,000arouses

understandablefeelingsofguilt.Yetthewidespread,intensegriefatthesightofthecathedral?scollapsingsteeple

（尖塔）isinfactprofoundlyhuman-andinaparticularly21st-centuryway.

Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustof

jobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.Abuildingonwhosesunnystepsyou

haverested,infrontofwhichyouhavetakenaselfiewithyourlovedone,becomesawarmpartofyourmemories

andthusofyourself.

Thisvisualagehasgivenbeautynewpower,andsocialmediahaveturnedgreatworksofartintosuperstars.

Onlyafew,though,haveachievedthisstatus.Justasthereisonlyeverahandfulofworld-famousactors,sothe

pantheon（萬神殿）ofgloballyrecognizableculturalsymbolsistiny:theMonaLisa,Michelangelo'sDavid,theTaj

Mahal,theGreatPyramid—andNotreDame.Disaster,too,isvisual.Inthe24hoursafterthefirestarted,videos

onsocialmediaoftheburningcathedralwereviewednearlyaquarterofabilliontimes.

Yettheemotionsthesightarousedwerelessaboutthebuildingitselfthanaboutwhatlosingitmightmean.

NotreDameisanexpressionofhumanityatitscollectivebest.Nobodycouldlookupintothatarched（拱形的）

ceilingwithoutwonderingatthecollectivegeniusofthethousandsofunknowncraftsmenwho,overacentury

andahalf,realizedavisionsograndinitsstructuralambitionandsodelicateinitshand-madedetail.Itssurvival

through850yearsofpoliticalunrest-throughwa