2018高考真題-英語(北京卷)詳細解析

絕密★啟用前

2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國招生統(tǒng)一考試〔北京卷〕

英語

本試卷共16頁，共150分。考試時長120分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在

試卷上作答無效?？荚囃戤吅螅瑢⒈驹嚲砗痛痤}卡一并交回。

第一局部：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每題1.5分，總分值7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最

正確選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來答復(fù)有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段

對話你將聽一遍。

例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?

A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Abook.

答案是Ao

1.Whenwillthefilmstart?

A.At5:00.B.At6:00.C.At7:00.

2.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?

A.Thefilmclub.B.Thetravelclub.C.Thesportsclub.

3.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?

A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Snowy.

4.Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?

A.Afish.B.Abird.C.Amonkey.

5.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Inalibrary.B.Atabookstore.C.Inamuseum.

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每題L5分，15分）

聽下面4段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個

選項中選出最正確選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每題。聽完后，

每題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。

聽第6段材料，答復(fù)第6至7題。

6.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?

A.Tomakeaninvitation.

B.Toaskforinformation.

C.Todiscussaholidayplan.

7.Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?

A.$50.B.$150.C.$350.

聽第7段材料，答復(fù)第8至9題。

8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?

A.日ectronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.

9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend?

A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.

聽第8段材料，答復(fù)第10至12題。

10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?

A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners.

11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?

A.lnaschool.B.lnarestaurant.C.lnatravelagency.

12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?

A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.

聽第9段材料，答復(fù)第13至15題。

13.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?

A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot.

14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?

A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Bytrainandonfoot.

15.Whoisthespeaker?

A.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.Aphotographer.

第三節(jié)（共5小題；每題1.5分，共7.5分）

聽下面一段對話，完成第16至20五道小題，每題僅填寫：個詞。聽對話前，你將有

20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時間。這段對話你將聽兩遍。

Pick-upAppointmentForm

Item（物品）A16andsomemagazines

DestinationOverseasto17

Delivery0AiroRegular

Timetopickup5:0018afternoon

PackingAmediumbox

Customer'sinformationMr.Hudson19

89StreetXhicago,20

Tel:4159786

1-5CBCBA6-10BBACA11-15CBACA

16.dictionary17.Italy18.Monday/Mon.19.Acket/ACKET20.15374

第二局部：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）

第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題；每題1分，共15分）

從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答

題卡上將該項涂黑。

例：It'ssonicetohearfromheragain,,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.

A.WhafsmoreB.That'stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot

答案是D。

21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need

【答案】C

【解析】考察情態(tài)動詞。句意：Samuel,我們班最高的男生，能很輕松地夠著書架頂上的

書。表示能力，用can。

22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcardswellknowwhereyouhavevisited.

—Noproblem.

A.butB.orC.forD.so

【答案】D

【解析】考察連詞。上半句句意：Peter,請給我們寄明信片，因此我們就會知道你們?nèi)ツ?/p>

游覽過。前后因果關(guān)系，用so。

23.Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.

A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever

【答案】B

【解析】考察時態(tài)。句意：每年，任何一個做出最漂亮的風(fēng)箏的人將會在風(fēng)箏節(jié)獲獎。

makesthemostbeautifulkite是主語從句，根據(jù)意思可知答案。

24.—thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?

—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.

A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling

【答案】A

【解析】考察時態(tài)。句意：你昨天有沒有給那家公司打問問他們對我們的產(chǎn)品感覺假設(shè)

何樣發(fā)生在過去，用過去式，應(yīng)選A。

25.birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.

A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。句意：盡管鳥兒們用羽毛來飛翔，但是他們的一些羽毛還有其他用途，前后之間是讓

步關(guān)系，故選c。

26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.

A.whyB.whereC.howD.when

【答案】B

【解析】考察連詞。句意：Jane漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上，不知道她將去往何

方，根據(jù)句意可知選B。

27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheir

valuabletime.

A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved

【答案】C

【解析】考察非謂語動詞。句意：許多航空公司現(xiàn)在允許乘客網(wǎng)上打印他們的登機牌來節(jié)

省時間。動詞不定式表目的，選C。

28.Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople

youfigureitout.

A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since

【答案】C

【解析】考察連詞。句意：如果你無法理解某個東西，你可能會研究，學(xué)習(xí)和他人探討直

到你解決為止。根據(jù)句意可知選C。

29.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones

yet.

A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninvented

C.hadn/tinventedD.hadn/tbeeninvented

【答案】D

【解析】考察時態(tài)。句意：在美國20世紀(jì)50年代的時候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一

部，并且無線還根本沒有創(chuàng)造出來。根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)，排除A和C,事

情發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，排除B,應(yīng)選D。KS5U

30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,frombutterfliestoelephants.

A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：國家公園有許多的野生動物，包括從蝴蝶到大象等等。此處野生動物和

range之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選A。

31.Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

A.thatB.asC.whereD.when

【答案】A

【解析】考察關(guān)系詞。句意：我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能就是偉大創(chuàng)造的靈感。

此句是定語從句，從句缺少賓語，先行詞是problems,用that。

32Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimewithhisstudents.

A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

【答案】D

【解析】考察非謂語動詞。句意：Jim已經(jīng)退休了，但是他依然記得和學(xué)生一起度過的快

樂時光。句子已經(jīng)有謂語了，邏輯主語time和spend之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。

33.Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey/relivinglongerasa

result.

A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad

【答案】B

【解析】考察時態(tài)。句意：人們有著比過去更好的醫(yī)療保險，因此他們更長壽。與過去比

照是現(xiàn)在，而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故前面也用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，應(yīng)選B。

34.Ifthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果這個新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用過的話，這個事故就不會發(fā)生了。根據(jù)

主句確定是對過去情況的虛擬，所以從句用haddone形式，system與puttouse是動真關(guān)系，故選A。

35.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.

A.atB.inC.onD.by

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞。句意：許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。此處用介詞in。

makealivinginfishingindustry”靠漁業(yè)謀生”。

第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最正確選

項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,

shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofa

garbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwas

homelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehad

tolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould

（解決）

38fbut,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolvetheproblemof

homelessness.

Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,

39anoldshoppingtrolley（購物車）whichwaspiledwith40Itseemedthat

everythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41to

dosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42

theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangethe

problemthatmadehersad,shewouldn't43asbad.

HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninother

provinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybug

Foudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45"Big

Bosses"lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.

Shealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein“LadybugJars"tocollecteveryone'sspare

changeduring“MakeChange"month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47

calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupport

ofCanada's48andhomeless.

ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah'sPlace”,somethingthatHannah

isvery49of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitis

socoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganher

activities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAward

recognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannah

stillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitsto

homelesspeople.

Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.

Youcan,too!

36.A.jumpingB.eatingC.cryingD.waving

37.A.annoyedB.nervousC.ashamedD.upset

38.A.behaveB.manageC.helpD.work

39.A.pushingB.carryingC.buyingD.holding

40.A.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags

41.A.excitedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful

42.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as

43.A.soundB.getC.feelD.look

44.A.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread

45.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack

46.A.contributeB.leadC.applyD.agree

47.A.campaignB.tripC.procedureD.trial

48.A.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick

49.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure

50A.goingB.sleepingC.travelingD.playing

51.A.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments

52.A.needsB.interestsC.dreamsD.efforts

53.A.forB.throughCC..bbeessiiddeessD.along

54.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough

55.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference

【答案】

36-40BDCAD41-45BACDC46-50AABCB51-55ADBCD

【解析】

【語篇解讀】本文講述HannahTaylor通過自己的努力來建設(shè)公益組織籌集資金幫助那些無

家可歸忍饑挨餓的人。

36.考查動詞。A.jumping跳；B.eating吃；Ccrying哭；Dwaving揮手。由語境可知他們看見一個人從垃

圾桶里撿東西吃，根據(jù)后文的hu11gly可知答案為B。

37.考查形容詞。A.annoyed生氣的；B.nervous緊張的；C.ashamed羞恥的；D.upset難過的。由語境可知

Hannah很難過，選D。

38一考查動詞。A.behave表現(xiàn)而為舉止；B.manage成功做；C.help幫助；D.work工作。Hannah開始思考

她如何能幫到他們，故選C。

39.考察動詞。A.pushing推;B.carrying拿；C.buying買;D.holding握。購物車肯定是推

著的，應(yīng)選A。

40.考察名詞。A.goods貨物;B.bottles瓶子；C.foods食物；D.bags包。車上堆滿了包，

選D。

41.考察形容詞。A.excited沖動的；B.determined下決心的；C.energetic精力充分的；D.

grateful感謝的。

她更加下定決心做些事幫助這些人，應(yīng)選B。

42.考察連詞。A.since自從；B.unless除非；C.although盡管；D.as因為。此處是指自從

他們第一次看到

無家可歸的人，選A。KS5U

43.考察動詞。A.sound聽；B.get獲得；C.feel感覺；D.look看。她就不會和以前一樣感覺

那么糟糕了，應(yīng)選C。

44.考察動詞。A.exchange交換；B.leave離開;C.keep保持；D.spread傳播。她希望她

的希望和意識的信

息能夠傳播開來。應(yīng)選D。

45.考察動詞。由語境可知她希望信息能夠傳播開來。spread傳播。

46.考察動詞。A.contribute奉獻，捐獻；B.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；C.apply申請，應(yīng)用；D.agree同

意。她試圖勸說那

些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能為這個事業(yè)做出奉獻，選A。

47.考察名詞。A.campaign運動；B.trip旅行；C.procedure過程；D.trial實驗。此處指又一

項運動，應(yīng)選A。

48.考察形容詞。A.elderly年紀(jì)大的；B.hungry饑餓的；C.lonely孤獨的；D.sick生病

的。此處是指為那

些饑餓的人和無家可歸的人，選B。

49.考察形容詞。A.aware意識的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud驕傲的；D.sure肯定的。此處

是指Hannah非

常驕傲的東西，應(yīng)選C。

50.考察動詞。A.going去;B.sleeping睡；C.traveling旅行；D.playing玩。當(dāng)天冷到在

室外睡覺就意味

著死的時候，應(yīng)選B。

51.考察名詞。A.praises贊美；B.invitations邀請；C.replies回復(fù)；D.appointments約會。

她收到了很多的

贊美。因為下文有這方面的舉例，答案為A.

52考查名詞。A.needs需要；B.interests興趣；C.dreams夢想；D.efforts努力。此處是指這個獎項是為了

認(rèn)可年輕人改變這個世界所作出的努力，故選D。

53.考查介詞。A.for為了；B.through通過；C.besides此外；D.along沿著。但是經(jīng)過這些，Hannah依然

過著兩面peg學(xué)校一名女生的普通的生活。選Bo

54.考查形容詞。A.healthy健康的；B.public公共的；C.normal正常的，普通的；D.tough艱難的。根據(jù)上

題題意可知答案為Co

55.考查名詞。A.choice選擇;B.profit利潤；C.judgement判斷；D.difference不同。此處為固定短語：make

a.difference起作用，有影響，選D。

第三局部：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每題2分，共30分）

閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最正確選項，并在答題

卡上將該項涂黑。

A

ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademy

softballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,

Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)#1）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhite

play.Thetwodidn/tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorso

before.

Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,"Paris'seyerolledback,"Taylorsays."Shestarted

shaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”

Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,

Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshouted

out,"DoesanyoneknowCPR?〃

CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatblood

movesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamaging

quickly.

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn't

thinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisand

begandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,“says

Taylor.

Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomoreranto

gettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshockthe

heartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'heartbeatreturned.

“IknowIwasreallylucky/'Parissaysnow."Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteam

savedmylife.”

ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalis

havingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobea

nurse."Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,“Taylorsays./zlknowIcanactunderpressure

inascarysituation.

56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?

A.Shecaughtabadcold.

B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.

C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.

D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice

57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?

A.Enthusiasticandkind.

B.Courageousandcalm.

C.Cooperativeandgenerous.

D.Ambitiousandprofessional.

【答案】56B57C58B

【解析】

【語篇解讀】講述TaylorBisbee通過及時的CPR挽救了一位學(xué)生的生命。

56.根據(jù)文章第三段Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure,可知答案為B。

57.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife"可知她被別人通

過心臟復(fù)蘇救了

回來，因此很幸運，選C。

58.通過她救Paris這件事可知她很勇敢，很鎮(zhèn)靜，不慌不忙，應(yīng)選B。

B

Inspiringyoungminds!

TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing,bringingaunique

combinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.

S況除鉆摩蚓屈朝tJpKNOWmagazine?Whatsinside?

T她4怕藤購能迎砸儂^^河的門心mds電f修犯RR他由自甲9解超生?8喈品d

insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.

可慎岫的毀）解伍“鴕呼蝴油7曲幅wt。t更topicwitharticles,experiments

H3的可廂陷?；＃尽鉩anbecomeinvolvedandcreativethingstomake—themagazine

inadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲

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f汴弗尼醐肺幽河印岫_|旗苗附志@朝@既南明riveintiire陟錦型詫僦0§Wfadershaveabalancedtake

SUBSCRIBENOWonlife.

口AnnualSubscription

Europe￡55RestofWorld￡65

□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack

IncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscription

Europe￡60RestofWorld￡70

RefundPolicy-thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoney

back.

59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?

A.Itentertainsyoungparents.

B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.

C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.

D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.

60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?

A.Onlinecourses.

B.Articlesonnewtopics.

C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.

D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.

61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpack

fromChina?

A.￡55.B.￡60.C.￡65.D.￡70.

62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.

A.freebirthdaypresents

B.fullrefundwithin28days

C.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub

D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson

【答案】59.D60.B61.D62.B

C

Measles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,was

nearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫

苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementand

misinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeen

reportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.

Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.When

vaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.

Thisiscalled"herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthose

whocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleon

whomthevaccinedoesn'twork.

Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefuse

vaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.

That/sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrange

County,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea

17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.

Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmall

risk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.

Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（決定不參力口）ofwhat

aresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringKS5Ukindergarten.Seventeen

statesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免），sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingthey

personallyobjecttoavaccine.

Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.

Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.

Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.But

personalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,

butthey,llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.

63.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.

A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrend

B.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention

C.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasons

D.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly

64.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen.

A.exemptionsareallowed

B.severalvaccinesareusedtogether

C.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin

D.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws

65.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?

A.Theoveruseofvaccine.

B.Thelackofmedicalcare.

C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.

D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.

66.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.

B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.

D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.

【答案】63A64C65D66C

【解析】

【語篇解讀】本文主要是介紹了麻疹在歷史上帶來的危害，以及為什么會發(fā)生這樣的情況。

63.文童第二段的首句既是對第一段的總結(jié)，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答案為A。

“根據(jù)第三段Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin,可知只有所有人都參與了才

會有用，選C。

65才艮據(jù)第一E殳Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementand

misinformationthatisspreadingquickly.可知,那些反對疫苗的人導(dǎo)致的麻疹的復(fù)發(fā),故選D。

66.本文主要是介紹了麻疹在歷史上帶來的危害，以及為什么會有這樣的情況，最根本原因還是那些不注射

疫苗的人導(dǎo)致的，故本文的目的是強調(diào)疫苗的作用，選C。

D

Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪惡）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsis

justsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecome

extremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-known

mathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論）,putitthisway:

“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannot

effectivelyinterfere（干預(yù)），wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineis

thepurposewhichwereallydesire//

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewith

livingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,

norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthe

machinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingle

instructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsown

offswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,we

couldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachines

whoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.

Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsof

computerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindof

firewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffectthereal

world.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatis

secureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.

SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAlseemstobepossiblebutnot

easy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.

Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAlresearchers.

Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnot

possibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”

asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.Stillothersthinkthat

superintelligentAlwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnest

Rutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthe

transformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine."However,onSeptember12,1933,

physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced仲子誘導(dǎo)）nuclearchainreaction.

67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.

A.runoutofhumancontrol

B.satisfyhuman'srealdesires

C.commandarmiesofkillerrobots

D.workfasterthanamathematician

68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymight

beableto.

A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyed

Bachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependently

C.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenorders

D.beathumansininternationalchessmatches

69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.

A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetter

B.besecureagainstevilhumanbeings

C.keepmachinesfrombeingharmed

D.avoidrobots'affectingtheworld

70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?

A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAL

B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.

C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.

D.Itwillstayforadecade.

【答案】67A68A69D70C

【解析】

【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了人工智能。

67.根據(jù)第一段Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialinteiligence（AI）maybecomeextremely

goodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.可知人工智能可能會超出人的