2022屆高三畢業(yè)班英語百所名校試題分類03（閱讀理解之說明文） 解析版（12月）

2022屆高三畢業(yè)班英語百所名校試題分類

專題03（閱讀理解之說明文）解析版

寧夏青銅峽市高級(jí)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

閱讀話題：人與社會(huì)閱讀主題：“閱讀之友”項(xiàng)目幫助老年人建立社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)

Christmasisalovelytimeofyearifyouareluckyenoughtobewell,tohavefriendsandfamilyaroundyouand

tofeelincontrolofyourlife.However,formanypeopleitisatimethattheyareafraidof.Asthenightsdrawin

duringthewinter,manyolderpeopletalkabouthowmuchmoredifficultitistobeontheirown.

Inarecentinterview,JacquelineWilsonexpressedherconcernsaboutchildrenalsofeelingworried.ButIwas

heartenedbyhersuggestioninanotherinterviewthatshehopesherbookswillreassure（使^肖除疑慮）children

goingthroughadifficulttimeandmakethemfeelasifthey,renotalone.

Ifreadingcan,asJacquelinesuggests,providereassuranceandasenseofconnection,ithasneverbeenmore

important.Readingcouldtransformoneinfouradultswhoexperiencementalhealthissuesintheirlifetime,the

850,000peopleintheUKlivingwithdementia（癡呆癥）andtheoneintenolderpeoplewhofeellonely.

WealwaysknowthatabookcouldbeagreatChristmaspresent,butcanitalsochangeourlives?Ourresearch

atTheReadingAgencysuggeststhatitcan.Wehavefoundevidencetoshowthatreadingcanbenefitourwell-being

andhelpusmakesocialconnections.

Peoplewhoreadregularlyaremoresatisfiedwithlifeandmorelikelytofeelthatthethingstheydoare

worthwhile;readingforpleasurecanalsoincreasesympathy,improverelationships,reducesymptomsofdepression

andimprovewell-being.

Wearedevelopinganewprogramme,ReadingFriends,whichwillusereadingtoconnectweakolderpeople.

Inresearchingtheprogramme,wefoundthatreadingwithotherscanhelpolderpeoplebuildsocialnetworks.

Readabookwithyourchildren,parentsorgrandparentsoverChristmas;makeanewyear'sresolutiontostart

areadinggroupwithfriends,andintroducereadingtoyourcommunity.Youcouldbegivingthemthegifttheymost

wantthisyear.

8.WhatdidJacquelineWilsonworryabout?

A.Childrenfeelinglonely.

B.Oldpeoplebeinggivenlesscare.

C.Readingbecominglessimportantthanbefore.

D.Moreandmorepeoplesufferingfromdementia.

9WhoistheprogrammeReadingFriendsdesignedfor?

A.Adults.B.Children.C.Friends.D.Oldpeople.

10.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Tocallonpeopletoreadtogether.

B.Toshowtheimportanceofreading.

C.ToaskpeopletobuywhattheywantforChristmas.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirfeelingswithothers.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Readinghelpspeoplemakefriends

B.AbookisnotjustforChristmas

C.ThebestChristmaspresent

D.Healthbenefitsofreading

【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了圣誕節(jié)是一年中最美好的時(shí)光，但是許多老年人獨(dú)自生活很困難，"閱

讀之友”項(xiàng)目幫助老年人建立社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并號(hào)召人們一起閱讀。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一段的"Asthenightsdrawinduringthewinter,manyolderpeopletalkabouthow

muchmoredifficultitistobeontheirown."（隨著冬天夜晚的臨近，許多老年人都在談?wù)摢?dú)自生活是多么困

難。）以及第二段的"Inarecentinterview,JacquelineWilsonexpressedherconcernsaboutchildrenalsofeeling

worried."（在最近的一次采訪中，杰奎琳?威爾遜表達(dá)了她對(duì)孩子們也感到擔(dān)憂。）可知杰奎琳?威爾遜擔(dān)

心孩子們感到孤獨(dú)。故選A。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段"Wearedevelopinganewprogramme,ReadingFriends,whichwilluse

readingtoconnectweakolderpeople."（我們正在開發(fā)一個(gè)名為"閱讀之友"的新項(xiàng)目,該項(xiàng)目將利用閱讀來

聯(lián)系虛弱的老年人。）可知“閱讀之友”這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是為老年人設(shè)計(jì)的。故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第i段的"Readabookwithyourchildren,parentsorgrandparentsoverChristmas;make

anewyear'sresolutiontostartareadinggroupwithfriends,andintroducereadingtoyourcommunity."（圣誕節(jié)

期間，和你的孩子、父母或祖父母一起讀一本書；制定一個(gè)新年計(jì)劃，與朋友一起成立一個(gè)閱讀小組，并

向你的社區(qū)介紹閱讀。）可知最后一段的目的是號(hào)召人們一起閱讀。故選A。

[11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Christmasisalovelytimeofyear（誕節(jié)是一年中最美好的時(shí)光）”和“manyolder

peopletalkabouthowmuchmoredifficultitistobeontheirown（許多老年人都在說，獨(dú)自生活有非常困難）”，

和第三段的“Ifreadingcan,asJacquelinesuggests,providereassuranceandasenseofconnection,ithasnever

beenmoreimportant.（如果閱讀能像杰奎琳所說的那樣，提供安慰和聯(lián)系感，它從來沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣重要

過。）”以及最后一段倒數(shù)第一段的“Readabookwithyourchildren,parentsorgrandparentsoverChristmas;

makeanewyear'sresolutiontostartareadinggroupwithfriends,andintroducereadingtoyourcommunity.v（圣

誕節(jié)期間，和你的孩子、父母或祖父母一起讀一本書；制定一個(gè)新年計(jì)劃，與朋友一起成立一個(gè)閱讀小組，

并向你的社區(qū)介紹閱讀。）可知，本文介紹了圣誕節(jié)是一年中最美好的時(shí)光，但是許多老年人獨(dú)自生活很困

難，“閱讀之友”項(xiàng)目可以幫助老年人建立社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，號(hào)召人們一起閱讀?？芍@篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是“書

不僅僅是為了圣誕節(jié)”。故選B。

山西省運(yùn)城市2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

閱讀話題：人與社會(huì)閱讀主題：選擇適合鍛煉應(yīng)用程序來幫助你

鍛煉

Ifstickingwithanexercisehabitisachallengeforyou,theremaybeanappforthat.InaUniversityof

Pennsylvaniatrial,smartphonegameshelpedsubjectsbecomemoreactive.

Participantswererandomlyassignedtooneofthreeversionsofagamethatrecordedhowmanystepstheytook

eachweek.Thefirstversionplacedthemindirectcompetitionwithothers.Inthesecondversion,theyworkedasa

grouptogainpoints.Inthethird,playersearnedpointsontheirownbutwereaskedtochooseafriendorfamily

membertobetheirsupporter.Thispersonreceivedane-maileachweekreportingontheplayer'sperformancein

ordertohelpcheerherorhimon.

Onaverage,allthreegroupstookmorestepsthanusual.Thatsaid,certainversionsofthegameworkedbetter

forpeoplewithdifferentpersonalitytraits.Forinstance,playerswhoweremoreoutgoingandmoremotivatedto

perseverewiththeirgoalstendedtoaccumulatemorestepsinthecompetitivemode.Incontrast,quietplayers

respondedwelltothegamewhetheritwascompetitive,cooperative,orsupportive.Athirdtype,madeupofthose

whowereproeetotakeriskswiththeirhealthandsafety（bynotwearingaseatbelt,forexample）,wasnothelpedby

thegameatall.

Sothoughnotallofusbenefit,exercisegamificationcanwork—andworkespeciallywellwhenyoukeepyour

personalityinmindasyouchoosefromamongthemanyavailableapps.

12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

A.Eachparticipantchosetheirversionofagame.

B.Thesecondversiongottheparticipantstocooperatetoearnpoints.

CFriendshelpedtheplayerinthethirdversionearnmorepoints.

D.Thefirstversionplacedparticipantsinindirectcompetition.

13Inwhichmodedidoutgoingplayersexercisemore?

A.Cooperativemode.B.Competitivemode.

C.Supportivemode.D.Nomode.

14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace"wereproneto"inParagraph3?

A.werelikelytoB.wereunwillingto

C.wereafraidtoD.werehesitantto

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Challengeyourbodywithdifferentgameversions.

B.Changeyourpersonalitytosuitdifferentgameversions.

C.Chooseanexerciseappwithyourpersonalityinmind.

D.Cooperatewithyourfamilytoaccumulatemoresteps.

【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過一個(gè)試驗(yàn)，介紹了不同個(gè)性的玩家對(duì)鍛煉應(yīng)用程序的適應(yīng)性和在游戲

中得到的幫助，即告訴人們選擇適合你個(gè)性的鍛煉應(yīng)用程序來幫助你鍛煉。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Inthesecondversion,theyworkedasagrouptogainpoints.（在第二個(gè)版本中，

他們作為一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)工作以獲得分?jǐn)?shù)）”可知，第二個(gè)版本讓參與者合作賺取分?jǐn)?shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的"Forinstance,playerswhoweremoreoutgoingandmoremotivatedtoperseverewith

theirgoalstendedtoaccumulatemorestepsinthecompetitivemode.（例如，更外向、更有動(dòng)力堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)的玩家

往往會(huì)在競爭模式中積累更多的步數(shù)）”可知，在競爭模式中外向的玩家會(huì)鍛煉得更多。故選B項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

詞句猜測題。由第三段中的**Thatsaid,certainversionsofthegameworkedbetterforpeoplewithdifferent

personalitytraits.Forinstance,playerswhoweremoreoutgoingandmoremotivatedtoperseverewiththeirgoals

tendedtoaccumulatemorestepsinthecompetitivemode.Incontrast,quietplayersrespondedwelltothegame

whetheritwascompetitive,cooperative,orsupportive.Athirdtype,madeupofthosewhowerepronetotakerisks

withtheirhealthandsafety（bynotwearingaseatbelt,forexample）,wasnothelpedbythegameatall.（也就是說，

該游戲的某些版本更適合具有不同個(gè)性特征的人。例如，更外向、更有動(dòng)力堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)的玩家往往會(huì)在競爭

模式中積累更多的步數(shù)。相比之下，安靜的玩家對(duì)游戲反應(yīng)良好，無論是在競爭、合作還是支持模式下。

第三種類型的人，由那些wereproneto冒健康和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人組成（比如不系安全帶）,根本沒有得到游

戲的幫助）”可知，本段主要講三種不同個(gè)性的玩家對(duì)游戲的適應(yīng)性，在游戲中得到的幫助，畫線短語所在

句子中“第三種類型的人”應(yīng)該指的是“那些可能冒健康和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人"，wereproneto在此處意為

"可能（werelikelyto）"。故選A項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第三段中的**Thatsaid,certainversionsofthegameworkedbelterforpeoplewithdifferent

personalitytraits.（也就是說，該游戲的某些版本更適合具有不同個(gè)性特征的人）”和最后一段"Sothoughnot

allofusbenefit,exercisegamificationcanwork—andworkespeciallywellwhenyoukeepyourpersonalityinmind

asyouchoosefromamongthemanyavailableapps.（因此，盡管并非所有人都能從中受益，但如果你在眾多

可用應(yīng)用程序中選擇時(shí)牢記自己的個(gè)性，那么運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲可以發(fā)揮作用，而且效果尤其出色）”可知，文章通

過一個(gè)試驗(yàn)，介紹了不同個(gè)性的玩家對(duì)鍛煉應(yīng)用程序的適應(yīng)性和在游戲中得到的幫助，即告訴人們選擇適

合你個(gè)性的鍛煉應(yīng)用程序來幫助你鍛煉，C項(xiàng)“選擇一款考慮到你個(gè)性的運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序”符合文意。故選

C項(xiàng)。

寧夏青銅峽市高級(jí)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

閱讀話題：人與社會(huì)閱讀主題：性格開朗外向人吃更多水果和蔬菜

Scientistsmayhaveevidencethatourpersonalityplaysintooureatinghabits.Peoplewhoareopenand

extroverted（夕卜向的）eatmorefruitsandvegetablesthanothers,accordingtonewresearch.

Thenewreport,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinPsychology,analyzedtheeatinghabitsofmorethan1,000

youngadultsages17to25.Researchersgaveparticipantsatesttomeasureforthe“BigFive^^personalities:

opennesstoexperience,conscientiousness（盡責(zé)性）,extroversion,agreeableness,andneuroticism（神經(jīng)質(zhì)）.Then

theyaskedsomeparticipantstokeepafooddiaryfor21daysandothersfor13days,inhopesofencouragingmore

peopletocompletethetask.

Participantswhoscoredhigherthanaverageforopennessateabout4.5moreservingsofcombinedfruitsand

vegetablesperweekthanthoselessopenones.Theyalsoconsumedlessunhealthyfood,suchaspotatochipsor

fries.Extroversionalsohadapositiveeffectonfruitsandvegetableconsumption,thoughnotasstronglyas

opennessdid,whileconscientiousnesswasaweakpredictorofproduceconsumption.

Ofcourse,thestudyonlyfoundanassociationbetweenthecharacteristicandeatinghabits,ratherthanadirect

causation.It?slikelythatpeoplewhoareopentonewexperiencestakethosesameattitudestowardfood,study

authorTamlinConner,aprofessorattheUniversityofOtago,toldTheHuffingtonPost.Theirpersonalitymaymake

themmoreeagertotrynewfruitsandvegetables.Butifsalsopossiblethateatinghealthyfoodscancauseanyoneto

feelmorelikeanextrovert:AnotherofConner'sstudiesfoundthatintheshortterm,eatingmorefruitsand

vegetablesresultedinmorefeelingsofmotivation,whichshesaysarekeycharacteristicsofextroversion.

So,youwanttoeatbetter?Starteatinglikeanopen,extrovertedperson."Trytotakeanattitudeofopenness,

especiallytowardunusualhealthyfoods,Connersaid."Gotothestore,andpicksomethingnew.Practicebehaving

likeanopenperson.^^

12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfocuson?

A.Foodandhealth.B.Personalityandhealth.

C.Eatinghabitsandhealth.D.Eatinghabitsandpersonality.

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?

A.Itaskedparticipantstosharetheirfooddiaries.

B.Itwascarriedoutamongoldpeople.

C.Itinvolvedfivepersonalities.

D.Itlastedfbramonth.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldleadyoutoeatmorefruitsandvegetables?

A.Opennesstoexperience.B.Extroversion.

C.Conscientiousness.D.Agreeableness.

15.WhatdoesConnersuggest?

A.Consultinganextrovertaboutfoods.

B.Makingfriendswithopenpeople.

C.Goingonabalanceddiet.

D.Tryingnewhealthyfoods.

【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家可能有證據(jù)表明，我們的性格影響了飲食習(xí)慣。根據(jù)最新

研究表明，性格開朗外向的人會(huì)吃更多的水果和蔬菜。專家呼吁我們試著采取開放的態(tài)度，多吃健康食物。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Scientistsmayhaveevidencethatourpersonalityplaysintooureatinghabits."（科

學(xué)家可能有證據(jù)表明，我們的性格影響了我們的飲食習(xí)慣。）說明這項(xiàng)新的研究集中在飲食習(xí)慣和性格上。

故選D項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Researchersgaveparticipantsatesttomeasureforthe"BigFive''personalities:

opennesstoexperience,conscientiousness（盡責(zé)性）,extroversion,agreeableness,andneuroticism（神經(jīng)質(zhì)）.”（研

究人員對(duì)參與者進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)測試，以測量“五大”性格：對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的開放性、責(zé)任感、外向、隨和、神經(jīng)質(zhì)。）

說明我們知道這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)涉及五種性格。故選C項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題?根據(jù)第三段"Participantswhoscoredhigherthanaverageforopennessateabout4.5moreservings

ofcombinedfruitsandvegetablesperweekthanthoselessopenones."（在開放性方面得分高于平均水平的參

與者每周比那些不太開放的參與者多吃4.5份混合水果和蔬菜。）說明對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)開放的會(huì)讓你吃更多的水果和

蔬菜。故選A項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段""Trytotakeanattitudeofopenness,especiallytowardunusualhealthyfoods,”

Connersaid.l4Gotothestore,andpicksomethingnew.Practicebehavinglikeanopenperson.""（康納說：”試

著采取開放的態(tài)度，尤其是對(duì)不尋常的健康食品?！薄叭ド痰曩I點(diǎn)新東西。練習(xí)表現(xiàn)得像一個(gè)開放的人?！保?/p>

說明康納建議嘗試新的健康食品。故選D項(xiàng)。

浙江省9+1高中聯(lián)盟2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

閱讀話題：人與社會(huì)閱讀主題：疫情下床上工作可能會(huì)破壞健康

Formanypeople,workingfromhome,or'WFH',hasalsocometomean'WFB'-workingfrombed.Getting

dressedandgoingtoanofficehasbeenreplacedbysplashingwateronyourfaceandswitchingonacomputeras

yousettlebackunderyourblanket.Peoplemayhaveadeskorakitchentabletoplacetheircomputeron-theyjust

choosenotto.

Buttherealityisthatturningyourbedintoyourofficecansetoffalargenumberofhealthproblems,both

psychologicalandphysical.Andevenifyoudon'tnoticethemnow,adverseeffects-possiblypermanent-could

appearlateroninlife.Youngpeopleareparticularlylikelytofallvictimtothesebadhabits,becausetheymaynot

feeltheconsequencesrightaway,whichcouldincludesimpleheadaches,andcouldalsoextendtopermanent

stiffnessinyourback,andseverepaininthebones.

Whenyouworkfrombedforayear,itdoesn'tjustpotentiallyruinyourbody.Itspossiblybadforyour

productivityandsleephabits,too.RachelSalas,asleepexpertatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMaryland,explained

that“themoreyouwatchTVinbed,playvideogamesinbedandnotsleepinbed,yourbrainstartslearning,'oh,OK,

wecandoanyoneoftheseactivitiesinbed1.Itstartsbuildingconnections.^^

So,whenyouspreadoutonyourbedyourlaptop,phoneandallthescreensyourjobrequireseveryday,your

brainandbodyeventuallystopassociatingbedwithrest."You'rereallytrainingyourbraintobealert,andtellingit

thisiswhereyourideascomeandthisiswheretheworkisdone,“addsSalas."Whenyou'retryingtogotosleep,

yourbrainislike-'waitaminute,whatarewedoing?Thisisworktime'."Doingthisforayear,oranyextended

periodoftime,couldleadtocircadianrhythmdisorder（晝夜節(jié)律紊舌L）.Anddisturbednights,bodypainorboth

meanthatyou'relesslikelytobeproductive,creativeorfocused,makingitlikelyyourworkcouldsuffer.

27.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“adverse"inparagraph2?

A.Beneficial.

B.Harmful.

C.Temporary.

D.Ever-lasting.

28.Whatdoweknowaboutthehealthproblemscausedbyworkingfrombed?

A.Youngpeoplearelesslikelytosufferfromthem.

B.Theycanbepermanentandcanbeeasilynoticed.

C.Youngpeoplemightnoticethemlateronintheirlife.

D.Theyonlyappearwhenyouworkfrombedforayear.

29.WhatdoesRachelSalassayaboutworkingfrombed?

A.Ittrainsyourbraintobemorealertandcreative.

B.Itmakesyousleepyandeasilydistractedfromwork.

C.It'sbetterthanwatchingTVorplayinggamesinbed.

D.Itmakesyourbrainconnectbedwithworkratherthanrest.

30Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Bedsarenottheperfectworkingsites.

B.Yourproductivitysuffersfromworkingfromhome.

C.Workingfrombedcouldruinbothyourhealthandwork.

D.Turningyourbedintoyourofficehasbecomeanewtrend.

【答案】27.B28.C29.D30.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了許多人在家里的床上工作，這種工作方式取代了去辦公室上班，

而經(jīng)科學(xué)研究表明在床上工作可能會(huì)破壞你的健康和影響你的工作效率和質(zhì)量。

[27題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的"Youngpeopleareparticularlylikelytofallvictimtothesebadhabits,becausethey

maynotfeeltheconsequencesrightaway,whichcouldincludesimpleheadaches,andcouldalsoextendto

permanentstiffnessinyourback,andseverepaininthebones.（年輕人特別容易成為這些壞習(xí)慣的受害者，因

為他們可能不會(huì)立即感受到后果，其中可能包括簡單的頭痛，也可能擴(kuò)展到背部永久僵硬和骨骼的劇烈疼

痛。）“可知，這些不良后果可能會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而出現(xiàn)。再結(jié)合前面的"effects-possiblypermanent-could

appearlateroninlife（影響可能是永久性的可能會(huì)在以后的生活中出現(xiàn)）“可知，adverse一詞意

為'‘有害的，不好的”，選項(xiàng)中harmful與其意思相同。故選B。

[28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1題的分析和第二段的"Buttherealityisthatturningyourbedintoyourofficecansetoff

alargenumberofhealthproblems,bothpsychologicalandphysical.Andevenifyoudon'tnoticethemnow,adverse

effects-possiblypermanent-couldappearlateroninlife.（但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，把床變成辦公室會(huì)引發(fā)大量的心理和生

理健康問題。即使你現(xiàn)在沒有注意到它們，那些不良影響，可能是永久性的，可能會(huì)在以后的生活中出

現(xiàn)。）”可知，關(guān)于在床上工作造成的健康問題，年輕人可能會(huì)在以后的生活中注意到它們。故選C。

【29題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"So,whenyouspreadoulonyourbedyourlaptop,phoneandallthescreensyourjob

requireseveryday,yourbrainandbodyeventuallystopassociatingbedwithrest."You'rereallytrainingyourbrain

tobealert,andtellingitthisiswhereyourideascomeandthisiswheretheworkisdone,“addsSalas.（因此，當(dāng)

你將筆記本電腦、手機(jī)和你每天工作所需的電子設(shè)備放在床上時(shí)，你的大腦和身體最終會(huì)停止將床與休息

聯(lián)系起來。Salas補(bǔ)充道，“你實(shí)際上是在訓(xùn)練你的大腦保持警覺，并告訴它床是你的想法的來源，也是工

作完成的地方?！埃笨芍琑achelSalas認(rèn)為在床上工作使你的大腦將床與工作聯(lián)系起來，而不是與休息

聯(lián)系起來。故選D。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Whenyouworkfrombedforayear,itdoesn'tjustpotentiallyruinyourbody.It's

possiblybadforyourproductivityandsleephabits,too.（當(dāng)你在床上工作一年時(shí)，它不僅可能破壞你的身體。

這也可能對(duì)你的工作效率和睡眠習(xí)慣不利。）”可知，在床上工作可能會(huì)破壞你的健康，結(jié)合第2題的分

析可知，該句是在總結(jié)第二段的內(nèi)容；同時(shí)該句話又引出第四段的"Doingthisforayear,oranyextended

periodoftime,couldleadtocircadianrhythmdisorder.Anddisturbednights,bodypainorbothmeanthatyou're

lesslikelytobeproductive,creativeorfocused,makingitlikelyyourworkcouldsuffer.（這樣做一年或更長的時(shí)

間，都可能導(dǎo)致晝夜節(jié)律紊亂。而夜夜不安、身體瘩痛或兩者兼而有之，意味著你不太可能有工作效率、

創(chuàng)造力或?qū)Ｗ⒘?，從而使你的工作可能?huì)受到影響。）”，即在床上工作可能會(huì)對(duì)你的工作產(chǎn)生不良影響。

由此可知，該句話是本文的主旨大意：在床上工作可能會(huì)破壞你的健康和影響你的工作效率和質(zhì)量。故選

C。

河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

閱讀話題：人與社會(huì)閱讀主題：一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖

的研究

Forsomethingthatweighsonlyaboutthreepounds,thehumanbrainhasalotofresponsibility.Deepwithinall

thosegrayfoldsandcreasesarethecontrolsforeverythingyoudo.

Morethanacenturyago,scientistsfirstmappedthebrainastheyworkedtodevelopanunderstandingofeach

particularregion.Earlyon,themapsweresimple:Whichpartofthebraincontrolledspeech?Whichcontrolled

hearing?Havingadetailed,accurateguideensuresthatstudiesareusingthesamepointsofreferenceandmakesfor

moreefficient,accurateinvestigations.

Now,however,thingsaremuchmoreintricate.Researchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmapofthe

brain,revealingnearly100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredorforgotten.Manyexpertsarecallingthis

amilestoneinneuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYorkTimes.Thenewmaphasbeenpublishedinthejournal

Nature.

ThenewmapdrawsondatacollectedbytheHumanConnectomeProject,whichstudied1,200peopleusing

high-poweredMRIscannerstounderstandhowbraincircuitryworks.Forthestudy,theparticipants,brainswere

recordedwhiletheylaidinthescanner,whiletheydidvariousmathproblemsandmemorytests,andwhilethey

listenedtostories.Researchersdrewboundariesbasedonwheretheseandprevioustestsseemedtomatch.They

alsolookedatanatomicaldifferences,measuring,forexample,theamountofmyelin—afattysubstancethat

surroundssomeneurons—indifferentareasofthebrain.

“Wehave112differenttypesofinformationwecantapinto,“studyco-authorDavidVanEssenofWashington

UniversityMedicalSchooltoldtheNewYorkTimes.

Withallthosevariablesinhand,researcherseventuallycreatedamapthatincluded83alreadyfamiliarareasof

thebrain,plusanadditional97regionsthatwereeitherpreviouslyundiscovered,orsomehowforgottenandlostin

scientificliteraturealongtheway.Somepreviouslyknownregionsarehowbrokendownintosub-regionswith

separateresponsibilities.Forexample,thedorsolateralprefrontalcortexisalargeareatowardthefrontofthebrain

thafsactiveduringthought.Thenewmapshowsthatit'smadeupofmanysmallerareasthatcanbekeyfor

differentkindsofthought,rangingfrommakingdecisionstolying.

Whileexpertsarelaudingthenewmap,ifsfarfromcomplete,saytheresearcherswhocreatedit.

“We'rethinkingofthisasversion1.0"，saysleadauthorMatthewGlasser,aneuroscientistatWashington

UniversitySchoolofMedicine.^^Thatdoesn'tmeanit'sthefinalversion,butit'safarbettermapthantheones

we'vehadbefore.”

12.Inthethirdparagraph,whatdoestheword“intricate"mean?

A.amazingB.trickyC.complicatedD.difficult

13.What'stheresearchers9attitudetonewmapofthebrain?

A.Theythinkitisstillincomplete.B.Theythinkitisthebestversion.

C.Theydon'tlikethenewmapofthebrain.D.Theythinkitisamilestoneinneuroscience.

14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thenewmapincluded97unfamiliarareasofthebrain.

B.Thenewmapusedpreviousdatatostudythebraincircuitry.

C.Participants1brainsweremonitoredwhentheyweretellingstories.

D.Thedorsolateralprefrontalcortexisasmallareswhichiscrucialforthinking.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theresponsibilityofthebraincircuitry.

B.Mixedopinionsonthenewmapofthebrain.

C.Astudyonanincrediblenewmapofthebrain.

D.Theunderstandingofthefamiliarareasofthebrain.

【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員剛剛發(fā)布了一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖，揭示了近100個(gè)以前未

被發(fā)現(xiàn)或被遺忘的新區(qū)域。文章介紹了研究開展的過程、發(fā)現(xiàn)以及人們對(duì)此的看法。

【12題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中uResearchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmapofthebrain,revealingnearly

100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredorforgotten.Manyexpertsarecallingthisamilestonein

neuroscienceaccordingtodieNewYorkTimes.”可知，研究人員剛剛發(fā)布了一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地

圖，揭示了近100個(gè)以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或被遺忘的新區(qū)域。據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，許多專家稱這是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的

一個(gè)里程碑，且however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明現(xiàn)在的情況比以前要復(fù)雜得多了。故intricate意思是“復(fù)雜的”。

A.amazing令人驚異的；B.tricky狡猾的；C.complicated復(fù)雜的；D.difficult困難的。故選C。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Whileexpertsarelaudingthenewmap,it（sfarfromcomplete,saytheresearchers

whocreatedit.（盡管專家們對(duì)這幅新地圖贊不絕口，但繪制它的研究人員表示，它還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完整）”可知，

研究人員認(rèn)為新的大腦圖譜仍然不完整。故選A。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Withallthosevariablesinhand,researcherseventuallycreatedamapthat

included83alreadyfamiliarareasofthebrain,plusanadditional97regionsthatwereeitherpreviously

undiscovered,orsomehowforgottenandlostinscientificliteraturealongtheway.（在掌握了所有這些變量后，研

究人員最終繪制出了一張地圖，其中包括83個(gè)已經(jīng)熟悉的大腦區(qū)域，以及另外97個(gè)以前沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)或在

科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中被遺忘或丟失的區(qū)域）”可知，A選項(xiàng)“新地圖包括了97個(gè)不熟悉的大腦區(qū)域”正確。故選A。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Researchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmapofthebrain,revealingnearly

100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredorforgotten.Manyexpertsarecallingthisamilestonein

neuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYorkTimes.（研究人員剛剛發(fā)布了一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖，揭示

了近100個(gè)以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或被遺忘的新區(qū)域。據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，許多專家稱這是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的一個(gè)里程

碑）”結(jié)合文章介紹了研究開展的過程、發(fā)現(xiàn)以及人們對(duì)此的看法?？芍@篇文章的主旨是對(duì)一幅令人難

以置信的大腦新地圖的研究。故選C。

哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上期期中考試英語試題

閱讀話題：人與社會(huì)閱讀主題：平流層衛(wèi)星

Nothingdrawsattentiontoyournewproductlikeusingittosendfastfoodintospace.InJune,Arizona-based

WorldViewdemonstratedthepotentialofitspioneeringstratollite—asortofminisatellitethatusesaballoontotake

goodsintothestratosphere（平流層）一bypartneringwithKFCtolerrya5-ouncepieceoffriedchicken77,000feet

intothedesertsky."Wetookachickensandwich,launcheditintospacefbr17hours,andwhenitcameback,itwas

perfect,saysWorldViewCEOJanePoynter.

Poynter*sfinalgoalistosendtouriststospace,tiedtothecompany'sballoons,andtomakethefinalfrontier

moreaccessibleforresearch.Stratollitesareinexpensive,compact,andeasytooperate,idealformonitoring

weatherpatternsandprovidingmilitaryreconnaissance（偵查）oremergencycommunicationsduringnatural

disasters.Theycanalsodowhattraditionalsatellitescan't:spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving.

ThoughPoynterdidnotformallytrainasanengineer,shehasspenthercareerinleadingspaceresearch.The

BritishnativetrainedherskillsasatechnicalmanagerwhilepartofBiosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuiltto

testaself-enclosed,self-sufficientecosystem.Itscreatorshopeditcouldonedaybeadaptedforuseinspace.She

spenttwoyearsintheearly1990ssealedinsidetheBiosphere2withsevenothers,experiencingeverythingfrom

oxygenfailurestocolleagues,emotionalbreakdowns.

Poyntermetherfuturehusband,TaberMacCallum,ontheproject,andafterward,thecoupleformedParagon

SpaceDevelopment.Theybegandesigningbiospheresthatcouldsupportplantandanimallifeinorbit.

“Weshowedit'spossibleforanimalstoliveinanenvironmenttheyarenotusedto:microgravity,''Poynter

says.

In2014,PoynterandMaccallumachievedanotherfirst.Theyledth