2022屆廣東省廣州市高三年級上冊12月階段訓(xùn)練英語試卷（解析版）

廣東省廣州市2022屆高三上學(xué)期12月階段訓(xùn)練

英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀理解

Smokejumpers

Everyyear,wildfiresdestroymillionsofhectaresofforest.Homesaredamaged,andthousandsof

peopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.

Whatisasmokejumper?

Smokejumpersareaspecialtypeoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficultto

reachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.

Whatdosmokejumpersdo?

Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalisto

stopafirefromspreading.Usingbasicequipmentsuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandof

burnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butonlyalimited

amount.

Whocanbeasmokejumper?

Althoughthemajorityofsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyour

heightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91

kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustalsobe

capableofsurvivinginthewildness.

Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn*tjustan

occupation.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-old

smokejumperBobSmithsays,"Thisisthebestjobfortoughguys."

1.Whatisthefirstthingasmokejumperdoesafterarrivingatafiresite?

A.Cleartheland.B.Studythearea.

C.Lookforwater.D.Putoutthefire.

2.Ifyouwanttobeasmokejumper,youmustbe.

A.maleB.withinacertainweightrange

C.abletoflyaplaneD.olderthan28yearsofage

3.Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?

A.B.

C.D.

閱讀理解

Underthefirstfullmoonoftheyear,musicloversinNorwaysitonseatsmadeoficeandcoveredwith

animalskins.Onafrozenstage,musiciansinfurryhatsandcoatsplayinstrumentscarvedfromice!This

showistheIceMusicFestival,theonlyconcertintheworldofitskind.Thiscoolideabeganin1999,when

musicianTeijeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimto

startusingiceasamusicalinstrument.Isungsetspentyearsexperimentingwithiceinstruments.Themorehe

learned,themoreexcitedhebecame.Afteryearsoftrialanderror,hewasreadytostarttheIceMusic

Festivalin2016.

Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsource

oficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetells

himwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.Heprefersnottousehuman-madeice,becausehebelieves

frozenlakewatersoundsbetter.Thismaybesupportedbyscience.Scientistshavenoticedthatnaturalice

hasfewerbubbles（氣泡）,whichcouldleadtoaclearersound.

Oncetheicehasbeensourced,professionalicecarversusetoolstocreateinstruments.Theycarve

everythingfromsaxophonestoxylophones.Thecarversoftenchangethelookoftheinstruments,which

helpsthemproducespecial,evenunique,sounds.Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicians

tomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.

Playingthefrozeninstrumentsisachallenge.Eachperformancesurprisesboththemusiciansandthe

audience.Aftertheconcertisover,Isungsetjokesthatthemusicianswilldrinktheirinstruments.Actually,

theyjustleavetheirstageandinstrumentsbehind,givingitallbacktonature.

4.WhatinspiredIsungsetrsinterestinicemusic?

A.Learningtoplayaniceinstrument.

B?AttendingthefirstIceMusicFestival.

C.Playingmusicinafrozenenvironment.

D.Experimentingwithfrozeninstruments.

5.HowdoesIsungsetchoosethebestice?

A.Bytestingthesoundthatitmakes.

B.Byreferringtoscientificexplanations.

C.Bycomparingthesourcesoficepieces.

D.Bycheckingthenumberofbubblesithas.

6.Whatisthebiggestchallengefacedbyicemusicmusicians?

A.Playinginsuchcoldweather.

B?Gettingridoftheirinstruments.

C.Selectingtheirinstruments1look.

D.Predictingtheirinstruments*sounds.

7.What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.TopromotethetalentsofTegeIsungset.

B.Toreviewarecently-heldmusicfestival.

C.Tointroduceanewandoriginaltypeofmusic.

D.ToencouragepeopletojoinintheIceMusicFestival.

閱讀理解

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark

in1995.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.By2007,theYellowstonewolf

populationhadgrowntomorethan170.

GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedby

humandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock（牲畜）.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpractically

disappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,where

therewaslesscontactwithhumans.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourcefor

thewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,

whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote（小野狼）populationsalsogrew

quickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark*sredfoxes.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,

hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplan,

worryingthatwolveswouldkilltheirlivestockorpets.Otherpeoplefearedthatthewolveswouldnotbe

well-protectedinYellowstone.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.Theyincluded

manycompromisestohelppeopleacceptthewolves'presence.Forexample,theypromisedtopayfarmers

forlivestockkilledbywolves.

TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolvesinYellowstone.Certain

wolveswearspecialcollarstohelpbiologistsgatherinformationabouthowthewolveslive,hunt,and

reproduce.Eachyearthewolfpopulationiscounted.

Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Deerandcoyote

populationsaredown,whileredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeena

valuableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryas

well.

8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Whygraywolvesbecameadangertofarmers.

B.WhatgraywolvespreferredaboutlivinginCanada.

C.Howgraywolveswereforcedoutoftheiroriginalhomes.

D.WhengraywolvesweregraduallyreintroducedtoYellowstone.

9.Howisparagraph3developed?

A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Byexplainingcauseandeffect.

C.Bylistingeventsintimeorder.D.Byusingstatisticsandexamples.

10.WhydidbiologistssuggestthereintroductionofwolvesintoYellowstone?

A.Toreducethepark'splantdiversity.

B?Toprotectthewolvesfromdyingout.

C.Tocontrolthelocallivestockproblem.

D.Tolimitthedeerandcoyotepopulations.

11.Whichstatementbestsummarizesthewriter'sviewpoint?

A.WolvesareanimportantpartofAmericannationalparks.

B.Yellowstone'swolfreintroductionprogramwasamistake.

C.Thegovernmentshouldberesponsibleforreintroducingwolves.

D.Yellowstone^wolfprogramhasbenefitedthewolvesandthepark.

閱讀理解

Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruism

inalmost100children.

Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithout

encouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.

Thescientistsrecruited9619-month-oldchildren.Duringtheexperiments,achildandaresearchersat

acrossfromeachother.Inthecontrolgroupofthefirstsetofexperiments,researchersthrewapieceoffruit

ontoaplatewheretheycouldn'treach,butthechildcould.Theythenwaited.Incontrast,researchersinthe

testgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechild

thattheadultwantedthefood.

Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,

comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.

Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirst

setofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikely

tobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthe

controlgroup.

Theexperimentswererepeatedfourtimes.Researchersgotsimilarresultseachtime.Babieswith

siblings（兄弟姐妹）andbabiesfromLatinoorAsianfamiliessharedmoreofthefruit,theteamalsofound.

CarterMorgan,leadprofessorofthestudy,said,*'Weoftenthinkofbabiesasselfish.Butherewefind

thattheyarewillingtohelpothersevenwhenitcomesatsome*cost'totheself."

Addressingwhychildrenwithsiblingsorfromcertainculturalbackgroundsweremorelikelytoshare

theirfruit,Morgansaid,"Webelievethispartlyreflectswhatsocialpsychologistscall'interdependence1,

whichstressesontheimportanceofinterpersonalconnectionsandadjustingtoothers.Thesesocial

experiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife."

12.Theunderlinedword"altruism"mostprobablymeans.

A.generosityB.creativityC.friendlinessD.confidence

13.Whatcanbeinferredabout19-monlh-oldbabies?

A.Theyknowwhentohavelunch.

B.Theyunderstandsignalsforhelp.

C.Theycanclassifydifferentfruits.

D.Theycanexpresstheirneedsfreely.

14.Whichgraphbestexplainsthefindingsoftheexperiments?

B.?testgroup2

controlgroup1

controlgroup2

58W

?*I

4~~~controlgroup.

4~~~、

c.4

ioitestgroup

s"

withWingswthoutsiblings

610*0?45ft

--testflroup—controlgroupathesecondsetthefirstset

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Attitudestowardssharingchangegreatlyaspeoplegetolder.

B.Babiesfromfamilieswithanonlychildarenotwillingtoshare.

C.It'seasiertocontrolbabies1selfishdesireswhentheyarehungry.

D.Socialexperiencesplayaroleinaffectingbabies*behaviorofsharing.

二、任務(wù)型閱讀（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Areyousittingmorethanever?16.You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimes

yousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfin

watchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.Thefactis,theamountof

timespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.17.

Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTV

watching.18.Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetween

thetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.Asthetotalsittingtimeincreases,sodoesthe

riskofearlydeath.

nSitless,movemore**iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.19.Itislike

tellingsomeonetojust"exercise"withouttellingthemhow.Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.

Forexample,theCenterforDiseaseControlrecommendsadultsdoexercisefortwohoursand30minutes

everyweek,plusmusclestrengtheningactivitiestwoormoredaysaweek.Weneedsimilarguidelinesfor

sitting.

20."Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupand

moveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace,"Diaz,theleadresearchersaid,addingthatthestudyhasput

usastepclosertothesatisfyingguidelines.Butmoreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheirapproach.

A.Nowit'stimetogetupandmovearound.

B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.

C.Healthexpertsalsosuggestexercisingonadailybasis.

D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.

E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.

F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?

G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.

三、完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Themorninghadbeenadisaster.Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday,andI'dbeenin

a/an21.withafriend.Herwordsstillhurt,"Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethings

frommypointofview?”Ishookmyheadandfeltthe22,inmytooth.Itwasreally23.I

startedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.24.atabout

lunchtime,Igotlucky.

"Ifyou25.rightnow,"thereceptionistsaid,"thedentistwillfityouin."

Irushedouttomycar.ButsuddenlyIbeganto26.aboutthedentist.Whatkindofdentistwould

besoeagerto27.someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas28,astheothers?

WhileIwasinthedentist'soffice,IsawnothingbuttheemptywallsandIbecameevenmore__

29..Theassistant30.mynervousnessandplacedherwarmhandovermyice-coldone.

WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.Justliedownand___

31..Andenjoytheartwork.*'

"Theartwork?"'11was32.

Thechairwentback,andsuddenlyIsmiled.Therewasabeautifulpicture,rightwhereIcouldenjoyit:

onthe33..How34.thedentistwas!Atthatmoment,I35.whatmyfriendmeant.

21.A.discussionB,argumentC.negotiationD.meeting

22.A.warningB.bitternessC.painD.danger

23.A.impossibleB.irresistibleC.unreasonableD.unbearable

24.A.BesidesB.FinallyC.LatelyD.Therefore

25.A.comeoverB.passonC.showoffD.settledown

26.A.doubtB.careC.learnD.talk

27.A.believeB.contactC.treatD.visit

28.A.proudB.busyC.skilledD.careful

29.A.eagerB.confidentC.curiousD.worried

30.A.noticedB.examinedC.ignoredD.reduced

31.A.paintB.relaxC.sleepD.smile

32.A.annoyedB.frightenedC.embarrassedD.confused

33.A.wallB.doorC.ceilingD.floor

34.A.considerateB.imaginativeC.professionalD.patient

35.A.heardB.rememberedC.understoodD.valued

四、語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Theskyscraper(摩天大樓)becamethestandarddesignofamodern,globalcityinthe20thcentury.So

muchsothatbytheendoflastcentury,centersofmanybigcitiesaroundtheworldbegan_

36.(look)alike.

Asweenteredthe21stcentury,manydesignersbegantoask37.(they):Isthis_

38.wewantourcitiestolook?Mustourcitiesgiveuptheirindividualidentitiestobecomemodern?

Some39.(architect)haverespondedtothesequestionsbyincorporatingtraditional

designelementsintotheirskyscrapers.Othersarereturning40.localtraditionsand,often,local

materials.

InChina,internationallyfamousarchitectWangShuwantstobringabreathoffreshairtomodern

design.HeiscreatingdesignsinwhichmodernconcreteandChinesetraditionalbuildingpracticescoexist.

TraditionalChinesebuildings,41.(include)homes,oftenhavegreenspacesontheinside.

WangsaysthatthemostimportantthingforChinesepeopleis"livinginsome42.(peace)

placewithtrees,water,andyourfamilytogether."Hekeepsthisideainmindandreusesoldmaterialsinhis

newbuildings.Somebuildingscontain43.(recycle)bricksandtilesfromconstructions

that44.(build)hundredsofyearsago.Wangbelievesthisiswhatgives_

45.buildingitsspiritandmakesitfeelalive.

五、寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

46.為迎接一年一度的重陽節(jié)，學(xué)校英文報舉辦以"關(guān)愛老人"為主題的征文比賽。請寫一篇英語短文

參賽，包括以下要點(diǎn)：

1)重陽節(jié)的意義；

2)如何關(guān)愛老人；

3)期望與呼吁。

注意：

1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Lovetheelderly

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandabikebasket.It'strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmy

momhadn'tturnedabikebasketintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday-Alessonaboutthevalueof

efforts.

Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymotherto

actuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon*tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmust

havebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatother

kidsdid,we'dhearsomethinglike,"Idon'tcarewhatso-and-sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTV

inyourroomorabigparty."Wehadtoearnourallowance（零用錢）bydoingchores（家務(wù)）aroundthehouse.

Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubt

rememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,

itwasnotreplaced.

Itwasonesummerday.Mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasin

thewindow——white,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers.ThebasketwinkedatmeandIknew——I

knew-1hadtohaveit.

“It'sbeautiful/mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,“Whataneatbasket.n

Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,butthenIcouldn'tstanditanylonger."Mom,pleasecanIgetit?I'lldoextra

choresforaslongasyousay.I'lldoanything,butIlovethatbasket.Please,Mom,please?"Iwasdesperate.

"Youknow,'*shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolest

thingever,HIfyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself."

"BythetimeIearnenoughit'llbegone!Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,please?1'

"Theremightbeanotherway,”shesaid.

注意：

1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

"PHbuyitnowbutyouonlygetitafter3weeksofdoublechores/1Momexplained.

Finally,Igotmydreambasket,butsoonIsadlyfoundthesamebasketonothers*bikes!

答案解析部分

【答案】1.B

2.B

3.A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了Smokejumpers(空降滅火消防員)的工作以及成為空降

滅火消防員的條件。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉

細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whatdosmokejumpersdo?部分中的“Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexamine

thelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.”在著火地點(diǎn)，空降滅火消防員首先查看地形，然后決定怎樣滅

火。可知，空降滅火消防員在到達(dá)著火地點(diǎn)后，首先要做的是分析研究地形。故選B。

2.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whocanbeasmokejumper?部分中的“Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.

SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sothey

don'tgethurtwhentheyland”重要的因素是你的身高和體重。在美國被雇傭的空降滅火消防員必須在

120-200磅，即：54—91公斤，以便于你不被強(qiáng)風(fēng)刮走，或者著陸后受傷。可知，要成為空降滅火

消防員，身高和體重必須達(dá)到一定的范圍。故選B。

3.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中“Smokejumpersarchelpingtostopthis.“阻止火災(zāi)發(fā)生的是空降滅火消

防員可知，本文在講空降滅火消防員的職業(yè)，因此要在職業(yè)種類的網(wǎng)站上去瀏覽。故選A。

【答案】4.C

5.A

6.D

7.C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，本文介紹了挪威的冰音樂節(jié)以及發(fā)展的歷史。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考

生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選

出正確答案。

4.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTeijeIsungsetplayed

musicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusical

instrument."這個很酷的想法始于1999年，當(dāng)時音樂家TeijeIsungset在冰凍的瀑布中演奏音樂。他

聽到的驚人聲音使他開始使用冰作為樂器。故選Co

5.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnatural

sourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningto

thesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.“為了準(zhǔn)備冷凍儀

器，伊松塞特尋找最好的天然冰源。他通過切下一塊來測試每個冰源，用手指敲擊它，然后聽它發(fā)出

的聲音。經(jīng)驗告訴他，冰是否能成為好樂器。故選A。

6.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomake

creativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.“每年，音樂節(jié)的目標(biāo)都是挑戰(zhàn)音樂家在

演奏這些獨(dú)一無二的冰樂器時制作創(chuàng)意音樂。故選D。

7.考查寫作意圖。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新的和原創(chuàng)的音樂類型——冰音樂，故選C。

【答案】8.C

9.B

10.D

11.D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了多年爭論后灰狼被重新引進(jìn)到黃石國家公園，這樣做保持

了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)平衡。也為生物學(xué)家以后在其他地方重新引進(jìn)狼群提供了借鑒。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考

生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選

出正確答案。

8.考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段“GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheywere

graduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock（牲畜）.Bythe1920s,

wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforests

ofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.”灰狼曾經(jīng)在整個黃石地區(qū)漫游。但他們逐漸被人類

發(fā)展所取代，被農(nóng)民獵殺牲畜。到1920年代，狼實際上已經(jīng)從黃石地區(qū)消失了。他們向北移動到加

拿大的深處，那里與人類的接觸較少?？芍诙谓榻B了灰狼是如何被迫離開它們的家園黃石地區(qū)的。

故選C。

9.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations

—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumed

largeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote（小野

狼）populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.“狼的消失帶

來了許多后果。鹿種群——狼的主要食物來源一在沒有通常的敵人的情況下迅速增長。這些動物消

耗了大量的植被，從而降低了公園內(nèi)的植物多樣性。在沒有狼的情況下，小野狼的數(shù)量也迅速增長。

小野狼殺死了公園里大部分的赤狐?？芍谌谓忉屃嗽斐山Y(jié)果的原因，故選B。

10.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsider

reintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyote

problems”早在1966年，生物學(xué)家就要求政府考慮將狼重新引入黃石公園，希望它們能夠控制鹿和

小野狼的問題。故選D。

11.考查推理判斷，根據(jù)最后一段中的"TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimentto

helpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”黃石狼項目一直

是一項有價值的實驗，可幫助生物學(xué)家決定是否將狼也重新引入該國其他地區(qū)?？赏浦S石的狼計劃

使狼群和公園受益。故選D。

【答案】12.A

13.B

14.A

15.D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明嬰兒似乎知道如何幫助有需要的人。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考

生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選

出正確答案。

12.考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段“Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearchers

whostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.”據(jù)研究了近100名兒童利他主義跡象的研究人員

稱，嬰兒似乎知道如何幫助有需要的人；以及“Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgive

uptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywere

hungry.”想看看孩子們是否會在沒有鼓勵的情況下將食物交給陌生人的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們就是這

樣做的——即使他們餓了?？赏浦猘ltruism是“利他/無私）的行為”，故選A。

13.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruiton

theplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefbod.”相比之下,

測試組的研究人員假裝將水果掉在盤子上，然后嘗試并沒有拿到。這向孩子發(fā)出了成年人想要食物的

信號；以及第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittothe

researchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在對照組中,只有4%的孩子將水

果給了研究人員，而在測試組中，這一比例為58%,或超過一半?？赏浦麄兡芾斫馇笾盘枴９蔬x

Bo

14.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceof

fruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在對照組中，只有4%的

孩子將水果給了研究人員，而在測試組中，這一比例為58%,或超過一半；以及第五段“Next,theteam

exploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperiments

wasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.

Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.”接下

來，該團(tuán)隊探索了孩子們在付出代價時是否仍然會慷慨。第一組實驗在午餐時間之前對另一組孩子重

復(fù)，當(dāng)時他們可能餓了。同樣，37%的測試組交出了他們的水果，而對照組則沒有?？芍xA。

15.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappear

tohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife.”這些社會塑造分享態(tài)度的經(jīng)歷似乎在生命的早期就產(chǎn)生了影響。故選

Do

【答案】16?B；17.E；18.F；19.D；20.G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了久坐對健康的影響，建議人們走動起來。

【點(diǎn)評】考查七選五，本文是一篇健康類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文

的理解和推理判斷能力。

16.根據(jù)空前“Areyousittingmorethanever?”你坐得比以往任何時候都多嗎？；以及空后“You're

probablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Other

timesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedly

alotofsitting.”您可能正在坐著閱讀本文。有時您在開車或參加會議時會坐著。其他時候，你會坐著

看電影或玩電腦游戲。這無疑是坐了很多?？芍颂幰榻B人們坐著的時刻，B.Takeamomenttothink

aboutyoursittingactivities.“花點(diǎn)時間想想你的坐姿活動?！背猩蠁⑾?，符合語境，故選B。

17.根據(jù)空前“Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.''事實上，坐著的時間隨

著時間的推移而增加?？芍颂幜信e人們坐的時間長短，E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%

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