糖尿病診斷及治療英文版護(hù)理課件

Englishnursingcoursewarefordiagnosisandtreatmentofdiabetescontents目錄OverviewofdiamondsDiagnosisofdiamondsTreatmentofdiamondsNursingofdiamondsEducationandmanagementofpatientswithdiabetesOverviewofdiamonds01Diabetesisachronicmetabolicdiseasecharacterizedbyhyperglycemiaresultingfromdefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orbothItiscausedbygeneticandenvironmentalfactorsandisassociatedwithlongtermdamagetovariousorganisms,specificallytheeyes,children,nerves,andcardiovascularsystemDefinitionofdiamondsType1diabetesCausedbyautoimmuneconstructionofpancreaticbetacells,leadingtoabsoluteinsulindeficiencySymptomsincludepolyuria,polydipsia,andweightlossType2diabetesCausedbyinsulinresistanceandrelatedinsulindeficiencySymptomsincludefatigue,polyuria,polydipsia,andweightlossGestationaldiamondsDevelopmentsduringpreparednessandcommonlyresolveafterdeliverySymptomsincludepolyuria,polydipsia,andweightgainClassificationandsymbolsofdiamondsDiabetesisaglobalepisodeaffectingmorethan400millionpeopleworldwideThevalidityofdiamondsisincreasinginbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesduetoagingpopulation,urbanization,andlifestylechangessuchasphysicalinactivationandunhealthdiesTheeconomicborderofdiamondsissignificant,withhealthcarecostsaccountingforasignificantpromotionofnationalbudgetsEpiologyofdiamondsDiagnosisofdiamonds02010204DiagnosticcriteriaFastingbloodglucose≥7.0mmol/LRandombloodglucose≥11.1mmol/LOralglucosetolerancetest(OGTT)2hourspostchallenge≥11.1mmol/LSymptomsofdiabetesMellitusandrandombloodglucose≥11.1mmol/L03DiagnosticmethodsandstepsOralglucosetolerancetest(OGTT):afteranovernightfast,patientsconsulta75ganhydrousglucosesolution,andbloodglucoselevelsaremeasuredfastand2hourspostchallengeFastingbloodglucose(FBG)test:patientsfastovernightandbloodglucoselevelsaremeasuredinthemorningbeforebreakfastRandombloodglucosetest:BloodglucoselevelsaremeasuredatanytimeofthedaywhensymptomsarepresentSelfmonitoringofbloodglucose(SMBG):patientsmeasuretheirownbloodglucoselevelsatregularintervalsthroughoutthedayusingbloodglucosemetersPrecautionsduringdiagnosisFastingbloodglucosetestpatientsshouldfastovernight(atleast8hours)beforethetestOralglucosetolerancetest(OGTT)patientsshouldavoidstrictexerciseandlimittheintakeofalcoholandcaffeinebeforethetestRandombloodglucosetestThetestshouldbeperformedwhensymptomsarepresentSelfmonitoringofbloodglucose(SMBG)patientsshouldfollowthemanufacturer'sinstructionsforbloodglucosemeterstoensureaccurateresultsTreatmentofdiamonds03InsulintherapyForpatientswithtype1diabetes,insulininjectionisessentialtocontrolbloodglucoselevelsInsulintypesincluderapidacting,shortacting,andlongacting,whichshouldbeusedaccordingtoindividualneedsOralhydroglycemicagentsForpatientswithtype2diabetes,oralhydroglycemicagentscanhelplowerbloodglucoselevelsCommonlyuseddrugsincludesulfonylureas,biguanides,thiazolidinediones,DPP-4inhibitors,andSGLT2inhibitorsCombinationtherapyForpatientswithmultipleordiversetocontroldiamonds,combinationtherapywithmultiplehydrographicagentsorinsulincanbeusedtoachievebettercontrolofbloodglucoselevelsDrugtherapyDietarytherapyDiabeticpatientsshouldcontroltheircalciumintaketomaintainanormalweightandreducetheburnonthepancreasReducesugarandfatintakeDiabeticpatientsshouldavoidhighsugarandhighfatfoods,suchascandy,cake,butterandfriedfoodIncreasefiberintakeDiabeticpatientsshouldincreasetheirintakeoffiberrichfoods,suchasvegetables,fruits,andwholegrains,tohelpcontrolbloodglucoselevelsControlcalciumintakeDiabeticpatientsshouldperformregularexercisetoimproveinsulinsensitivityandreducebloodglucoselevelsRegularexerciseExerciseintensityshouldbemodeled,anddurationshouldgraduallyincreasefrom30minutesperdayto1hourperdayIntensityanddurationExerciseshouldbeperformedaftermealstohelpcontrolbloodglucoselevelsTimingExercisetherapyPsychologicalcounselingDiabeticpatientsmayexperienceanxietyanddepressionduetothechronicnatureofthediseasePsychologicalcounselingcanhelpthembetterscopewiththediseaseFootcareDiabeticpatientsshouldpayattentiontofootcaretopreventfootulcersandothercomplicationsRegularfootchecksandappropriatefootweararerecommendedOthertreatmentmethodsNursingofdiamonds04Monitoringbloodglucoselevels01RegularlycheckbloodglucoselevelstoassesstheeffectivenessoftreatmentandidentifyanypotentialissuesInsulininjectionandmanagement02Assistpatientsinlearningproperinsulininjectiontechnologies,injectionsites,andinsulinstorageHealtheducation03Providepatientswithinformationondiabetesmanagement,includinghealtheating,exercise,andlifestylechangesDailycare

DiseasemonitoringRegularfollowupScheduleregularfollowupappointmentstoassessthepatient'sconditionandprogressSymptommonitoringWatchforsymbolsofhyperglycemiaorhyperglycemia,suchasdizziness,fatigue,orfusionVisualsignmonitoringMonitorvitalsignslikebloodpressure,heartrate,andweighttoassessoverallhealthstatus03PreventingeyediseaseEncouragepatientstohaveregulareyeexamsandfollowinganyrecommendedtreatmentplans01PreventingfootulcersAssistpatientsinmaintaininggoodfoothygieneandidentifyingriskfactorsforfootulcers02ManagingcardiovasculardiseaseMonitorpatientsforsignsofcardiovasculardiseaseandprovidelifestylerecommendationstoreduceriskPreventionandmanagementofapplicationsEducationandmanagementofpatientswithdiabetes05要點三HealthknowledgediscussionProvidediabetesrelatedhealthknowledgetopatients,includingthecauses,symptoms,treatmentmethods,andself-managementskillsofdiabetes要點一要點二InstrumentondiamondsdieTeachpatientsabouttheimportanceofahealthydieinmanagingdiamondsandprovidingguidanceonappropriatefoodchoicesandportsizesExercisepromotionEnhancepatientstoengageinregularexerciseaspartoftheirdiabetesmanagementplanandprovideguidanceonappropriateexerciseroutes要點三HealtheducationSelfmanagementTeachpatientsaboutproperfootcaretechniquestopreventdiabeticfootulcersandamputationsFootcareeducationTeachpatientshowtomonitortheirbloodglucoselevelseffectivelyandprovideguidanceonwhenandhowoftentot