【英語】四川省南充市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試試題（解析版）

四川省南充市2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whogavethemancookies?A.Hisneighbor.B.Abaker.C.Hisfamilymember.2.WhatdidEmilydoonSunday?A.Sheclimbedamountain.B.Sheworkedovertime.C.Shestayedwithherson.3.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutChris?A.Heisfriendly.B.Heiscompetitive.C.Heisinteresting.4.WhyisTonyunhappy?A.Hisshoulderhurts.B.HehadaquarrelwithBeth.C.Bethhaskeptignoringhim.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apicture.B.Theweather.C.Aseason.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Todiscusstheirwork.B.Toshareamessage.C.Toaskherforadvice.7.WhatwillthespeakersprobablydothisSaturday?A.Buysomepresents.B.VisitJohn’shouse.C.Holdaparty.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdidtheman’smumwanthimtodo?A.Takearestathome.B.Shopwiththegirl.C.Buysomebooks.9.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’sadvice?A.Supportive.B.Worried.C.Disapproving.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Ajournalist.B.Ashopowner.C.Abankmanager.11.Howoldistheman?A.About24yearsold.B.About29yearsold.C.About34yearsold.12.Whatsetsthebakeryapartfromothers?A.Itswelcomingatmosphere.B.Itshigh-qualitylocalingredients.C.Itsnumerouskindsofgoods.13.Howdoesthebakerycontributetothelocalcommunity?A.Ithassetupabakeryschool.B.Itoffershomelesschildrenfreebread.C.Itdonatesmoneytolocalcharities.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdidthemandojustnow?A.Hetooksomephotos.B.Hereadanarticle.C.Hepostedpicturesonline.15.Whatistheresultofplasticintheoceanaccordingtothewoman?A.Seafoodwillbepolluted.B.Shipswon’tsailproperlyatsea.C.Thebeautyoftheoceanwillbedamaged.16.Whatitemhasthemanaddedtohisessentials?A.Areusablebag.B.Ametalstraw.C.Aglassbottle.17.Whatdothespeakersagreetodo?A.Stopbuyingbottledwater.B.Organizeclubactivities.C.Reduceseafoodconsumption.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whichcanbethespeaker’sreasonforgrowingvegetables?A.Toreduceanxiety.B.Toimprovegardeningskills.C.Tosatisfyhisowncuriosity.19.Whatisthespeaker’sdifficultyingrowingvegetables?A.Hedoesn’thaveagarden.B.Hehasapaininlegs.C.Helacksrelatedknowledge.20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutRebeccaStephenson?A.Sheworksasanurseinahospital.B.Shedislikesgrowingplants.C.Sheisofgreathelptohim.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。NEMOScienceMuseuminAmsterdamNEMOScienceMuseuminAmsterdamisastimulatingscene.Childrenofdifferentageshavefunwithhugesoapbubblesandexperimentsinthechemistrylab.Grown-ups,withorwithoutchildrenoftheirown,havefunatNEMO,too.It’shardtoholdbackwhenyouarepresentedwithallthedevicesandexperiments.VisitingNEMOAmsterdamNEMOhousesloadsofhands-onscienceandtechnologyexhibitionsinsideitslargeboat-shapedbuilding.Nomatterwhatyourbackgroundis,youwilllearnsomethingnewandhavefuninexcitinggames.Attractionschangeregularly,socheckthehomepagetogetthelatestword.Rooftopsquare:theroofisfreelyaccessibleforeveryone.Youcanfindtheopen-airexhibitionEnergeticaandarestaurantontheroof,withbeautifulviewsofthecityofAmsterdam.NEMOticketsThemuseumcanbecrowded,soyoucanbuyyourNEMOticketsinadvance.4yearsandolder€17.50Childrenunder4free20%discountforstudentgroupsofmorethanfifteenOpeninghoursNEMOisopenfromTuesdaytoSunday,10:00a.m.～17:30p.m.AccessibilityNEMOiseasilyaccessiblebypublictransport.Themuseum’seye-catchingcopper-greenbuildingiseasytospotfromAmsterdamCentralStation.Bybus:TakeBus22andgetoffatKadijksplein.Onfoot:Weatherpermitting,a15-minutewalktoNEMOfromtheCentralStationisaniceoptionjusttoviewthespectaculararchitectureandthesurroundingpiers(碼頭)andships.Bycar:NEMOisaccessiblebycar.However,parkinginthecentreofAmsterdamisexpensive.NEMOdoesnothaveanyparkingfacilitiesofitsown.1.WhatcanvisitorsexpecttoexperienceattheNEMOScienceMuseum?A.Excitinginteractionwithchemicalscientists.B.ManyHands-onscienceandtechnologyexhibitions.C.Stimulatingobservationofsciencedemonstrations.D.Variousoutdooractivitiesontherooftopsquare.2.Howmuchdotwoteacherswithtwentypupilshavetopay?A.€35. B.€105. C.€308. D.€385.3.WhichisarecommendedwaytogotoNEMOfromAmsterdamCentralStation?A.Usingpersonalcarsforconvenientparking.B.Walkingnearly15minutesalongthecanals.C.Takingataxidirectlytothemuseumentrance.D.TakingBus22andgettingoffatKadijksplein.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是應用文。文章主要介紹了阿姆斯特丹的NEMO科學博物館，包括它的特色，票價，設施和交通選擇等。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VisitingNEMO部分中的“AmsterdamNEMOhousesloadsofhands-onscienceandtechnologyexhibitionsinsideitslargeboat-shapedbuilding.(阿姆斯特丹NEMO在其大型船形建筑內(nèi)設有大量可實踐的科技展覽)”可知，游客可以在NEMO科學博物館體驗許多可實踐的科技展覽。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NEMOtickets部分中的表格第一欄“4yearsandolder€17.50(4歲及以上€17.50)”和第三欄“20%discountforstudentgroupsofmorethanfifteen(超過15人的學生團體可享受20%的折扣)”可知，兩名老師帶著二十名學生需要支付：17.5*22*80%=308，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Accessibility部分的“Bybus:TakeBus22andgetoffatKadijksplein.(公交車：乘坐22路公交車在Kadijksplein下車)”可知，從阿姆斯特丹中央車站前往NEMO的推薦方式是乘坐22路公交車在Kadijksplein下車。故選D。BThefirstdayofschoolourprofessorintroducedhimselfandchallengedustogettoknowsomeonewehadn’talreadyknown.Istooduptolookaroundwhenagentlehandtouchedmyshoulder.Iturnedroundtofindawrinkled,littleoldladybeamingupatmewithasmilethatlitupherentirebeing.Shesaid,“Hihandsome.MynameisRose.I’meighty-sevenyearsold.CanIgiveyouahug?”Ilaughedandenthusiasticallyresponded,“Ofcourseyoumay!”andshegavemeagiantsqueeze.“Whyareyouincollegeatsuchayoung,innocentage?”Iasked.Shejokinglyreplied,“I’mheretomeetarichhusband,getmarried,andhaveacoupleofkids...”“Noseriously,”Iasked.Iwascuriousaboutwhatmayhavemotivatedhertobetakingonthischallengeatherage.“IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!”shetoldme.Webecameinstantfriends.Everydayforthenextthreemonthswewouldleaveclasstogetherandtalknonstop.Ialwaysenjoyedlisteningtothis“timemachine”asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.Overthecourseoftheyear,Rosebecameacampusiconandsheeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shelovedtodressupandtookdelightintheattentionbestowed(授予)uponherfromtheotherstudents.Shewaslivingitup.AttheendofthesemesterweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballbanquet.I’llneverforgetwhatshetaughtus.“Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyearanddon’tdooneproductivething,youwillturntwentyyearsold.”Attheendofthatyear,Rosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.Oneweekaftergraduation,Rosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.4.WhatmotivatedRosetoattendcollegeatanelderlyage?A.Tomakefriends.B.Tofindarichhusband.C.Tofulfillherlifelongdream.D.Tospeakatafootballbanquet.5.Whydoestheauthorregardtheoldladyasa“timemachine”?A.Becauseshewasafamouscampusicon.B.Becauseshewasapersonofmanywords.C.Becauseshewasanelderlypersonattendingcollege.D.Becauseshewasanexperiencedandwiseoldwoman.6.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromRoseatthefootballbanquet?A.Thedifferencebetweenagingandmaturing.B.Therelationshipbetweenplayandaging.C.Thetipstoplayfootballatanelderlyage.D.Thewaystowinfriendsoncampus.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRose?A.Ambitiousanddemanding.B.Humorousandopen-minded.C.Wealthyandexperienced.D.Enthusiasticandinnocent.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要通過講述老婦人Rose在87歲去上大學，是為了實現(xiàn)自己的大學夢，她的故事告訴我們?nèi)藗儾粦撘蚰昀隙Ｖ棺非?，而是因為停止追求而變老?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段““IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettingone!”shetoldme.(“我一直夢想著接受大學教育，現(xiàn)在我如愿以償了！”她告訴我)”可知，羅斯這么大的年齡還去上大學，是因為上大學一直是她的夢想，她想實現(xiàn)自己的夢。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段中“Ialwaysenjoyedlisteningtothis“timemachine”asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.(我一直很喜歡聽這個“時間機器”，因為她與我分享她的智慧和經(jīng)驗)”可知，作者把老太太視為“時間機器”是因為她是一位經(jīng)驗豐富、睿智的老婦人。故選D。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyearanddon’tdooneproductivething,youwillturntwentyyearsold.(我們不會因為年齡大而停止比賽；我們變老是因為我們停止比賽。變老和長大之間有著巨大的區(qū)別。如果你19歲，躺在床上整整一年，不做一件有成效的事情，你就會年滿20歲。)”可知，在足球宴會上作者從羅斯身上學到了衰老和成熟之間有很大區(qū)別。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Whyareyouincollegeatsuchayoung,innocentage?”Iasked.(“你為什么在這么年輕天真的年紀上大學？”我問。)”和第五段“Shejokinglyreplied,“I’mheretomeetarichhusband,getmarried,andhaveacoupleofkids...”(她開玩笑地回答：“我來這里是為了見一個有錢的丈夫，結(jié)婚，生幾個孩子……”)”可知，Rose是個很幽默的人；根據(jù)最后倒數(shù)第六段中“Overthecourseoftheyear,Rosebecameacampusiconandsheeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shelovedtodressupandtookdelightintheattentionbestowed(授予)uponherfromtheotherstudents.Shewaslivingitup.(在這一年里，羅斯成為了校園偶像，無論走到哪里，她都很容易結(jié)交朋友。她喜歡打扮，并為其他學生給予她的關注而感到高興。她過得很充實。)”可知，Rose思想開放。故選B。CWhenIwasachild,Ialwayswantedtobeasuperhero.Iwantedtosavetheworldandmakeeveryonehappy.ButIknewthatI’dneedsuperpowerstomakemydreamscometrue.SoIusedtoembarkontheseimaginaryjourneystofindintergalactic(星系之間的)objectsfromplanetKrypton,butdidn’tyieldmuchresult.WhenIgrewupandrealizedthatsciencefictionwasnotagoodsourceforsuperpowers,Idecidedinsteadtoembarkonajourneyofrealscience,tofindamoreusefultruth.IstartedmyjourneyinCalifornia,withaUCBerkeley30-yearlongitudinalstudythatexaminedthephotosofstudentsinanoldyearbook,andtriedtomeasuretheirsuccessandwell-beingthroughouttheirlife.Bymeasuringthestudents’smiles,researcherswereabletopredicthowfulfillingandlong-lastingasubject’smarriagewouldbe,howwelltheywouldscoreonstandardizedtestsofwell-being,andhowinspiringtheywouldbetoothers.Anotherahamomentcamefroma2010WayneStateUniversityspanresearchprojectthatlookedintopre-1950sbaseballcardsofMajorLeagueplayers.Theresearchersfoundthatthespanofaplayer’ssmilecouldactuallyassisttopredictthespanofhislife.Playerswhodidn’tsmileintheirpictureslivedanaverageofonly72.9years,whileplayerswithbeamingsmileslivedanaverageofalmost80years.Britishresearchersfoundthatonesmilecangeneratethesamelevelofbrainstimulationasupto2,000barsofchocolate.Wait—Thesamestudyfoundthatsmilingisasstimulatingasreceivingupto￡16,000incash.That’slike$25,000asmile.It’snotbad.Andthinkaboutitthisway:25,000times400—childrensmileasmanyas400timesperday—quiteafewkidsouttherefeellikeMarkZuckerbergeveryday.Sowheneveryouwanttotapintoasuperpowerthatwillhelpyouandeveryonearoundyoulivealonger,healthier,happierlife,smile.8.Whydidtheauthorshifttopursuingscientificresearch?A.Becausehediscoveredgalacticobjectsduringchildhood.B.Becauseherealizedsci-ficouldn’tbringsuperpowers.C.Becausehedreamedofglobalhappinesssinceyouth.D.Becauseheembarkedonthesefictionaljourneys.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Everychildsmiles400timesperday.B.KidswhosmileareasrichasZukerberg.C.Smilingisequaltoeating2,000barsofchocolate.D.Smilingcangainstimulationalikereceivingcash.10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheeffectofsmilesonpeople?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Neutral. D.Indifferent.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thejourneytofindthetruth.B.Thehiddenpowerofsmiling.C.Thesecrettoalongandhealthylife.D.Thesignificanceofsuperherostudies.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究表明，微笑給我們帶來的好處，能讓我們更幸福，更長壽。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“WhenIgrewupandrealizedthatsciencefictionwasnotagoodsourceforsuperpowers,Idecidedinsteadtoembarkonajourneyofrealscience,tofindamoreusefultruth.(當我長大且意識到科幻小說并不是超能力的好的來源時，我決定踏上真正的科學之旅去找到更有用的事實)”可知，作者轉(zhuǎn)變到科學研究是因為科幻小說無法給作者超能力。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Britishresearchersfoundthatonesmilecangeneratethesamelevelofbrainstimulationasupto2,000barsofchocolate.Wait—Thesamestudyfoundthatsmilingisasstimulatingasreceivingupto￡16,000incash.(研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個微笑可以產(chǎn)生與2000塊巧克力同等水平的大腦刺激。等等——同一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，微笑和收到16000英鎊現(xiàn)金一樣刺激)”可推知，收到巧克力和現(xiàn)金對大腦的刺激與微笑對大腦的刺激是一樣的。由此推知，微笑可以像收到現(xiàn)金一樣獲得刺激。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Sowheneveryouwanttotapintoasuperpowerthatwillhelpyouandeveryonearoundyoulivealonger,healthier,happierlife,smile.(因此，每當你想要一種超能力來幫助你和周圍的人活得更長，更健康，更幸福時，就微笑吧)”可推知，作者認為微笑可以幫助自己和周圍的人活得更長、更健康、更幸福。由此推知，作者對微笑的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“WhenIgrewupandrealizedthatsciencefictionwasnotagoodsourceforsuperpowers,Idecidedinsteadtoembarkonajourneyofrealscience,tofindamoreusefultruth.(當我長大且意識到科幻小說并不是超能力的好的來源時，我決定踏上真正的科學之旅去找到更有用的事實)”可知，文章首段提出了要通過科學研究來尋找超能力，緊接著文章通過兩項研究說明微笑能使人更加幸福更加長壽，微笑也就是作者尋找的超能力。由此可知，文章主要介紹了微笑隱藏的力量。故選B。DForyears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.Partofthesuccesswashuman’sabilitytohuntlargeanimals.Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.Butunfortunately,thegreatsuccessofourancestorscameattheexpenseoftheotherlargemammals.Itiswell-knownthatnumerouslargespecieswentextinctduringthetimeofworldwidecolonizationbymodernhumans.Now,newresearchfromAarhusUniversityrevealsthatthoselargemammalsthatsurvivedalsoexperiencedadramaticdecline.BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.“We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波動)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thesuccess”meaninParagraph3?A.Theevolutionoflargemammals.B.Theprosperityofvarioushabitats.C.Theachievementofhumanmigration.D.Theprogressinhuntingtechniques.13.AccordingtoSvenning,whathappened50,000yearsago?A.Populationsoflargemammalssignificantlydropped.B.Livingconditionsoflargemammalsremainedstable.C.Globalclimatedramaticallychanged.D.Alargenumberofglacierssuddenlymelt.14.What’susedasaclueoftheresearchaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Species. B.Place. C.Time. D.Climate.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateImpactonAnimalsB.ChangesofPrehistoricEnvironmentC.EvolutionofLargeMammalPopulationsD.HumanInfluenceonGiantMammals【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要談論了，科學家多年來一直在辯論是人類還是氣候?qū)е铝诉^去幾千年大型哺乳動物數(shù)量急劇下降的問題。但Aarhus大學的一項新研究證實了氣候不可能是解釋的原因?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.(大約10萬年前，第一批現(xiàn)代人類大量遷徙出非洲。它們非常善于適應新的棲息地，幾乎定居在從沙漠到叢林再到遙遠北方冰冷的針葉林的每一種景觀中。)”以及第三段“Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.(成功的一部分是人類狩獵大型動物的能力。憑借巧妙的狩獵技術和特制的武器，他們甚至完善了殺死最危險哺乳動物的藝術。)”可知，此處劃線詞thesuccess指的是上文提到的人們遷徙的成就。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通過研究139種現(xiàn)存大型哺乳動物的DNA，科學家們已經(jīng)能夠證明，大約5萬年前，幾乎所有物種的豐度都急劇下降。這是奧胡斯大學丹麥國家研究基金會新生物圈生態(tài)動力學中心（ECONOVO）教授兼負責人、該研究的發(fā)起人JensChristianSvenning的說法。)”可知，大約5萬年前，大型哺乳動物的數(shù)量顯著減少。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通過研究139種現(xiàn)存大型哺乳動物的DNA，科學家們已經(jīng)能夠證明，大約5萬年前，幾乎所有物種的豐度都急劇下降。這是奧胡斯大學丹麥國家研究基金會新生物圈生態(tài)動力學中心（ECONOVO）教授兼負責人、該研究的發(fā)起人JensChristianSvenning的說法。)”以及最后一段““We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波動)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”(“我們研究了過去75萬年中大型哺乳動物種群的進化。在最初的70萬年里，種群數(shù)量相當穩(wěn)定。但在5萬年前，種群數(shù)量急劇下降，再也沒有恢復，”他說，并繼續(xù)說道“在過去的80萬年里，全球大約每10萬年就在冰河時期和間冰期之間波動一次。如果氣候是原因，我們應該會在5萬年前氣候變化時看到更大的波動。但我們沒有。因此，人類是最有可能的解釋?！?”可知，研究的線索為時間。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Foryears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.(科學家多年來一直在辯論是人類還是氣候?qū)е铝诉^去幾千年大型哺乳動物數(shù)量急劇下降的問題。但Aarhus大學的一項新研究證實了氣候不可能是解釋的原因。)”以及對文章的理解可知，本文說明了科學家多年來一直在辯論是人類還是氣候?qū)е铝诉^去幾千年大型哺乳動物數(shù)量急劇下降的問題。但Aarhus大學的一項新研究證實了氣候不可能是解釋的原因。故D項“人類對巨型哺乳動物的影響”符合文章標題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TipsonLearningMathWhileyouaresittinginamathclasslisteningtoyourteachermultiplying(乘以)andaddingendlessnumbers,mathcanbecomeboringanduninterestingquickly.____16____.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyou.Learnmathtricks.Therearemanytricksinmaththatsaveyouenormoustime.Forexample,addingupallthenumbersfrom1to100isalotofwork.But,checkoutthiseasywaytodoit:100+1=101and99+2=101,right?Sodoes98+3,97+4,96+5,etc.So,ifyoumultiply101bythenumberofthesepairs,you’llgetthesumofallthenumbersfrom1to100,whichis5050.____17____.Makematheasy.Mathcanbedifficulttolearnbecausestudentsareoftentaughttolearnmathbymemorizingformulas(公式).However,bylearningmaththisway,studentsaren’ttaughttheprinciplesandconcepts.Buttheprinciplesandconceptsareneededtounderstandwhyaparticularformulaisbeingused.____18____.Youcanaskyourteacherwhyandhowaparticularformulaworks,whileothersdonot.____19____.Forexample,ifyou’reinterestedinhistoricallandmarks,learnaboutthemathinvolvedinbuildingtheselandmarks.Connectmathtoeverydaylife.____20____.Forexample,ifyouhaveanalarmclock,chancesarethatyouwillfigureouthowmanyextraminutesyoucansleepbeforeyougetoutofbedonceyouhitthesnoozebutton(貪睡按鈕).Trytonoticethedifferentwaysyoudomathinyourday-to-daytasks.A.Theyareofteninteresting,tooB.SomakematheasierbylearningthemC.MakemathfunbyusingitintherealworldD.TrysolvingsomemathcompetitionproblemsE.ExplorehowmathisrelatedtosomethingthatyouloveF.Bydoingso,youcanfindawayoutofdoingextraworkG.However,youcanbeattheboredombymakingmathmeaningfultoyou【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.E20.C【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些讓學習數(shù)學有趣的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Whileyouaresittinginamathclasslisteningtoyourteachermultiplying(乘以)andaddingendlessnumbers,mathcanbecomeboringanduninterestingquickly.(當你坐在數(shù)學課上聽老師沒完沒了地做乘法和加法時，數(shù)學很快就會變得無聊和無趣。)”和空后“Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyou.(有一些方法可以幫助你。)”可知，空前提到坐在教室里學數(shù)學很無聊很無趣，空后指出有讓數(shù)學變得有趣的方法。由此可知，空處內(nèi)容應承上啟下，G項“然而，你可以通過讓數(shù)學對你有意義來戰(zhàn)勝無聊”符合題意，與空前互為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，引出空后，故選G項。【17題詳解】根據(jù)空前“So,ifyoumultiply101bythenumberofthesepairs,you’llgetthesumofallthenumbersfrom1to100,whichis5050.(因此，如果你用101乘以這些對的數(shù)量，你會得到從1到100的所有數(shù)字的總和，即5050。)”可知，此空介紹這樣做的好處。故F項“通過這樣做，你可以找到一種做額外工作的方法?！狈险Z境，F(xiàn)項中的so指代空前“youmultiply101bythenumberofthesepairs,you’llgetthesumofallthenumbersfrom1to100,whichis5050”這一方法，故選F項。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前“However,bylearningmaththisway,studentsaren’ttaughttheprinciplesandconcepts.Buttheprinciplesandconceptsareneededtounderstandwhyaparticularformulaisbeingused.(然而，通過這種方式學習數(shù)學，學生沒有學到原理和概念。但是要理解為什么要使用一個特定的公式，需要原則和概念。)”可知，下文應介紹如何學習數(shù)學，故B項“因此，通過學習數(shù)學來簡化數(shù)學”符合語境，故選B項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Forexample,ifyou’reinterestedinhistoricallandmarks,learnaboutthemathinvolvedinbuildingtheselandmarks.(例如，如果你對歷史地標感興趣，可以學習建造這些地標所涉及的數(shù)學知識。)”可知，空后舉出具體例子來證明要學習一些相關的學科，故E項“探索數(shù)學與你喜愛的事物之間的關系?！狈险Z境，引出下文。故選E項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Connectmathtoeverydaylife.(將數(shù)學與日常生活聯(lián)系起來。)”可知，本空和現(xiàn)實生活有關。故C項“讓數(shù)學在現(xiàn)實世界中變得有趣”是空前的順義承接，將數(shù)學和日常生活聯(lián)系起來，讓數(shù)學在現(xiàn)實世界中變得有趣，故選C項。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題上將該項涂黑。Myofficeisalmosttwentykilometersfrommyresidence.Onmywaybackhome,I____21____awhileaftergettingoffthebusItakefromoffice,havesomepeanutsasrefreshmentsinbetween,andthentakethebuswhosedriver____22____menearmyhome.Theboysellingpeanutsisathin,____23____guyofaroundfifteen.Iusuallyhandhimoutatworupeecoin(盧比幣).____24____,hegivesmepeanutsworthtworupeewrappedinapieceofpaperandthen,withoutanyfail,somemorepeanutsinmyhandwithasmileonhisface.Inever____25____togiveanyextracoinforthatandusuallytakehis____26____forgranted.Oneevening,asIwaschewingpeanuts,acertainbus____27____cametohimandaskedforpeanutsworthfiverupees.Thebusconductorhandedoutatworupeecoinafter____28____thepeanuts.“Butthepeanutsareworthfiverupeesasyouaskedfor,”theboyprotested(抗議).“Holdthistworupeecoinandbequiet,”saidthe____29____busconductor.“Iaskedforthepriceofthepeanutsandnotyourkindness,”saidtheboyreturningthetworupeecointothebusconductor.Thebusconductorleftwiththepeanuts;how____30____hebehaved!ThateveningIhadthehearttoofferfiverupeestohimsoastoshowmyconcernforthe____31____thathehadsuffered.“Iwantedfiverupeesfromhim;whyshouldyou____32____?”hetoldmesmilingly.Icouldnotgatherthecourageto____33____further.Theyoungpeanuts____34____taughtmealessonindignity(尊嚴)andself-respect:Regardlessofhislowincomeandso-calledlowsocialstatushewouldnottakeanyinjusticelyingdown;norwouldhe____35____anyfavour.21.A.stop B.sleep C.think D.exercise22.A.picks B.drops C.calls D.greets23.A.clever B.humorous C.cheerful D.honest24.A.Withcuriosity B.Byaccident C.Atlast D.Inreturn25.A.forget B.promise C.hope D.bother26.A.generosity B.assistance C.tolerance D.loyalty27.A.repairman B.designer C.conductor D.driver28.A.chewing B.receiving C.smelling D.finding29.A.kind B.strict C.gentle D.rude30.A.shamelessly B.thoughtfully C.strangely D.responsibly31.A.pain B.loss C.disapproval D.threat32.A.leave B.appear C.pay D.reply33.A.divide B.study C.investigate D.insist34.A.seller B.purchaser C.producer D.planter35.A.refuse B.accept C.return D.do【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.D26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者經(jīng)常在下班路上買了一包花生，賣花生的男孩是個十五歲左右的瘦小、開朗的小伙子。一天，公交車售票員買了一包花生，花生是五盧比，但售票員只給了兩盧比，看到這，作者不忍心，所以給了男孩五盧比，但是男孩拒絕了。作者從他身上學到了一堂關于尊嚴和自尊的課：盡管他的收入微薄，所謂的社會地位低下，但他也不會接受任何不公正的對待；他也不會接受任何恩惠?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從辦公室走出乘坐公家回家，在路上，我下車后稍作停留，吃了點花生當點心，然后乘坐公交，司機將送我到家附近。A.stop短暫停留；B.sleep睡覺；C.think思考；D.exercise鍛煉。由下文“awhileaftergettingoffthebusItakefromoffice,havesomepeanutsasrefreshmentsinbetween”可知，作者下車后稍作停留，吃了點花生米。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從辦公室走出乘坐公家回家，在路上，我下車后稍作停留，吃了點花生當點心，然后乘坐公交，司機將送我到家附近。A.picks撿起來；B.drops中途卸客；C.calls打電話；D.greets打招呼。由下文“menearmyhome.”可知，司機讓作者在家附近下車，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：賣花生的男孩是個十五歲左右的瘦小、開朗的小伙子。A.clever聰明的；B.humorous幽默的；C.cheerful開朗的；D.honest誠實的。由下文“withasmileonhisface.”可知，男孩面帶微笑，說明他是一個歡快，開朗的小伙子。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：作為交換條件，他給了我價值兩盧比的用紙包著的花生，然后他臉上帶著微笑，毫無例外地又給了我一些花生。A.Withcuriosity好奇地；B.Byaccident偶然地；C.Atlast最后；D.Inreturn作為交換。上文“Iusuallyhandhimoutatworupeecoin”可知，作者通常給這個小男孩兩盧比的硬幣，而作為交換，小男孩也給作者價值兩盧比的花生。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來不費心為此多付一分錢，而且通常認為他的慷慨是理所當然的。A.forget忘記；B.promise承諾；C.hope希望；D.both