【英語(yǔ)】浙江省金華市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末試題（解析版）

浙江省金華市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期1月期末英語(yǔ)試題第Ⅰ卷(選擇題共95分)第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?A.Takecareofhispet.B.Comeoverat3:00p.m.C.Attendameetingwithhim.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Recommendingabook.B.Expressinghisfeelings.C.Explainingatestquestion.3.Wheredidtheman’swifegrowup?A.InAustralia.B.InNewZealand.C.InIndia.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heisveryexcitedaboutthenews.B.Hedoesn’tpayattentiontosports.C.Hewishesadifferentteamhadwon.5.Whatisprobablytherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.CustomerandSaleswoman.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmuchisatwo-daypasstoCoachella?A.About$400.B.Around$800.C.Almost$1000.7.Whatdoesthemanimplyintheend?A.Hesavedupfortheticket.B.He’llbuythewomanaticket.C.Hedoesn’thaveenoughmoneyforaticket.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdidtheweatherusetobelike?A.Cold.B.Cool.C.Veryhot.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Returninghome.B.Drinkingsomethingcool.C.Waitinguntilthesunsets.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatinformationisneededbythewoman?A.Theman’saddress.B.Theshippingdate.C.Theman’sordernumber.11.Whenwerethegiftssupposedtoarrive?A.Twodaysago.B.Sevendaysago.C.Tendaysago.12.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Excited.B.Confused.C.Disappointed.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whodoesthewomanworkfor?A.Arestaurant.B.Anewspaper.C.Asportsclub.14.Howdoesthewomanchangeherappearanceforwork?A.Shewearsmakeup.B.Shewearsglasses.C.Shewearshats.15.Whatisthewomanveryconcernedabout?A.Puttingonweight.B.Notimetodogym.C.Noteatinghealthyfood.16.Wheredidthemanprobablygrowup?A.InWashington,D.C.B.InMiami.C.InNewYorkCity.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whomightthemanbe?A.Abusdriver.B.Ashipcaptain.C.Anairplanepilot.18.Wherewillthepassengersgonext?A.ToMiami.B.ToMexicoCity.C.ToHavanaCity.19.Whatistheweatherprobablylikenow?A.Rainyandwet.B.Windyandcold.C.Sunnyandnice.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestthepassengersdo?A.Stayinside.B.Runtotherooms.C.Lookforstaffatonce.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AABCmouseABCmouseisoneofthemostwell-knownlearntoreadappsforchildren.Withitsexpert-madecurriculum,theprogramoffersendlesshoursofcontentforchildrenaged2to8.Theinteractiveappoffersthousandsofactivitiestohelpdevelopthisessentialskill,withlessonsthatexposestudentstomath,arts,andscienceatage-appropriatelevelstoo.Thecostafterfreetrialisaround$15permonth.Familieswhopurchaseafullyear’ssubscriptioncangetabout70%offtheprice.HomerHomerprovidesapersonalizedlearningpathforchildrenaged2to8.Childrenwilllearnreading,math,creativethinking,andproblem-solvingskillsinafunandengagingway.Insteadofaone-size-fits-mostapproach,Homercustomizeslearningplansandallowsstudentstotaketheleadindecidingwhattheywanttoworkon.Thepricepointisinlinewithsimilarappsatabout$5permonthafterafreetrial,orroughly$60forafullyearor$100forlifetimeaccess.HookedonPhonicsHookedonPhonicsisanexceptionaltoolforhomeschoolers,withawiderangeoflessons,games,andfunactivities.Itisoneofthemostpopularbrandsforteachingkidstoread,anditsintegratedsystemmakesitanidealoptionforhomeschoolingstudents.Childrenareintroducedtoeachnewconceptthroughaseriesoffunactivities,videos,andevensongs.Thesystemisalittlebitpricierthanotherapps,atabout$16permonthafteratrialmonthforroughly$1.FarFariaFarFariainviteschildrentojoininonamagicaladventurethatincludesislandhoppingandthechoicebetweenreadingthestoryorhavingitnarratedcompletelywithfun,magicalanimation.Whilethefreemembershipoffersonestoryaday,paidsubscribersunlockaccesstounlimitedadventuresatroughly$8permonth.Readerscaneitherreadthebooksthemselvesortakeadvantageofthe“readtome”optiontohavestoriesreadaloudbyprofessionalnarrators.1.ForanannualsubscriptiontoABCmouse,howmuchdoesafamilyneedtopay?A.$54. B.$105. C.$126. D.$180.2.Whichappbestsuitschildrenwhoaretaughtathome?A.ABCmouse. B.Homer.C.HookedonPhonics. D.FarFaria.3.Whichsectionofnewspaperisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Finance. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Education.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)軟件：ABCmouse(開(kāi)心鼠英語(yǔ))，Homer(Homer學(xué)習(xí)軟件)，HookedonPhonics(美國(guó)自然拼讀)以及FarFaria(FarFaria學(xué)習(xí)軟件)，并對(duì)其各自特色和收費(fèi)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ABCmouse”部分內(nèi)容“Thecostafterfreetrialisaround$15permonth.Familieswhopurchaseafullyear’ssubscriptioncangetabout70%offtheprice.(免費(fèi)試用后的費(fèi)用約為每月15美元。購(gòu)買一整年訂閱的家庭可以幫你節(jié)省原價(jià)的70%。)”可知，費(fèi)用為每月15美元，一年應(yīng)是“15*12=180”，同時(shí)全年訂閱可以幫你節(jié)省原價(jià)的70%，即，按價(jià)格的3折計(jì)算，180*(1-70%)=54。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“HookedonPhonics”部分內(nèi)容“Itisoneofthemostpopularbrandsforteachingkidstoread,anditsintegratedsystemmakesitanidealoptionforhomeschoolingstudents.(它是教孩子閱讀的最受歡迎的品牌之一，它的集成系統(tǒng)使它成為在家上學(xué)的學(xué)生的理想選擇。)”可知，HookedonPhonics平臺(tái)是在家上學(xué)的學(xué)生的理想選擇。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過(guò)閱讀文章可知，“ABCmouse(開(kāi)心鼠英語(yǔ))”，“Homer(Homer學(xué)習(xí)軟件)”，“HookedonPhonics(美國(guó)自然拼讀)”以及“FarFaria(FarFaria學(xué)習(xí)軟件)”四個(gè)部分分別介紹了該平臺(tái)的教育信息和收費(fèi)方式，由此可推知，該篇文章來(lái)自于報(bào)紙上的教育專欄。故選D項(xiàng)。BApersonaltrainerfromtheUKhopestosetanewworldrecordbywalkingbackwardupanddownAfrica’shighestmountain.BenStewart,32,won’tbethefirstpersontoclimbbackwardupMountKilimanjaro—twopeoplehavealreadydonethat—butnobodyhaswalkedbackwardbothupanddownthemountain.StewartalsohopestosetarecordforthefastesttimewalkingbackwardupanddownMountKilimanjaro.HebelievesitwilltakehimsixdaystogettothetopofthemountainandtwomoredaystogetbackdownwhenhemakeshisattemptnextFebruary.Stewartsayshestartedwalkingbackwardtochallengehimself,andclimbedhisfirstmountainbackwardin2019.Threeyearslater,hecompletedtheUK’sThreePeaksChallenge—climbingthehighestmountainsinEngland,WalesandScotland—allwhilewalkingbackward.HesaidhewantedtoclimbMountKilimanjarobecauseit’sthehighestmountainthatcanbeclimbedwithoutmountaineeringequipment.However,Stewartwillhaveateamofaround30peoplewithhimtomakesurehedoesn’tfalloff!Thereisadanger,though,thatStewartcoulddamagehisneckbylookingoverhisshoulderforsolong,soheisusingaspecialnecktrainingdevicetoprepare.StewartisusinghisclimbtoraisemoneyfortheBritishHeartFoundation,aheartdiseaseresearchcharity.Heisdoingthisinmemoryofhisgrandfather,whodiedofaheartattackatage65.StewarttoldITVNewsthathisgrandfathermighthavelivedlongerwith“therightkindofresearch,therightkindofmedication.”“Butnowhe’sonmyshoulderandinmyear,”saidStewart,“tellingmeIcandotheseamazingthings.”4.WhatdoesBenStewartdotoreducethedamagetohisneckduringwalking?A.Conductrelatedresearch. B.Takepreventivemedicine.C.Dosomespecialtraining. D.Usemountaineeringequipment.5.WhatcanweknowaboutBenStewart?A.HecompletedtheUK’sThreePeaksChallengein2020.B.HewilltakethechallengetoclimbKilimanjaroonhisown.C.Hewasinspiredbyhisgrandfathertosetanewworldrecord.D.He’llbethefirstpersontoclimbbackwardupanddownKilimanjaro.6.WhatkindofpersonisBenStewart?A.Ambitiousandloyal. B.Carefulandreliable.C.Persistentandcurious. D.Determinedandcaring.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.ToexplainthereasonforBen’sclimbing.B.TostressthesignificanceofBen’saction.C.Todrawattentiontoheartdiseaseresearchandmedication.D.ToprovidedetailedinformationonBen’sclimbingexperience.【答案】4.C5.D6.D7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了一名來(lái)自英國(guó)的私人教練BenStewart創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)新的世界紀(jì)錄，他成功地倒行攀登非洲最高的山峰——乞力馬扎羅山的事跡?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Thereisadanger,though,thatStewartcoulddamagehisneckbylookingoverhisshoulderforsolong,soheisusingaspecialnecktrainingdevicetoprepare.(不過(guò)，斯圖爾特長(zhǎng)時(shí)間回頭看有可能會(huì)傷到脖子，所以他正在使用一種特殊的頸部訓(xùn)練裝置來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備)”可知，BenStewart通過(guò)做一些特殊的訓(xùn)練來(lái)減少走路時(shí)對(duì)他脖子的傷害。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“BenStewart,32,won’tbethefirstpersontoclimbbackwardupMountKilimanjaro—twopeoplehavealreadydonethat—butnobodyhaswalkedbackwardbothupanddownthemountain.(32歲的本·斯圖爾特不是第一個(gè)倒著爬乞力馬扎羅山的人——已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)人做到了——但是還沒(méi)有人在上山和下山時(shí)都是倒著走的)”可知，BenStewart將成為第一個(gè)倒著攀爬和倒著下乞力馬扎羅山的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Stewartsayshestartedwalkingbackwardtochallengehimself,andclimbedhisfirstmountainbackwardin2019.Threeyearslater,hecompletedtheUK’sThreePeaksChallenge—climbingthehighestmountainsinEngland,WalesandScotland—allwhilewalkingbackward.(斯圖爾特說(shuō)，他開(kāi)始倒著走來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)自己，并在2019年倒著爬了第一座山。三年后，他完成了英國(guó)的“三峰挑戰(zhàn)”——攀登英格蘭、威爾士和蘇格蘭最高的山峰——全程倒著走)”及文章最后一段“StewartisusinghisclimbtoraisemoneyfortheBritishHeartFoundation,aheartdiseaseresearchcharity.(斯圖爾特正在利用他的攀登為英國(guó)心臟基金會(huì)籌集資金，這是一家心臟病研究慈善機(jī)構(gòu))”可知，BenStewart是有決心并有愛(ài)心的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Heisdoingthisinmemoryofhisgrandfather,whodiedofaheartattackatage65.StewarttoldITVNewsthathisgrandfathermighthavelivedlongerwith“therightkindofresearch,therightkindofmedication.”“Butnowhe’sonmyshoulderandinmyear,”saidStewart,“tellingmeIcandotheseamazingthings.”(他這樣做是為了紀(jì)念他的祖父，他的祖父在65歲時(shí)死于心臟病。斯圖爾特告訴ITV新聞，如果“正確的研究，正確的藥物”，他的祖父可能會(huì)活得更久。斯圖爾特說(shuō):“但現(xiàn)在他站在我的肩膀上，在我耳邊，告訴我我可以做這些了不起的事情?！?”可知，文章最后一段解釋了BenStewart攀巖的原因與爺爺有關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)。CToprotectpeoplelivinginareasthatarelikelytosufferfloodingandrisingsealevels,agroupofarchitectshasdesignedafloatinghome.TheprojectisacollaborationbetweenBritisharchitectfirmGrimshawandDutchmanufacturerConcreteValley.Currentlyatthedesignstage,thehomewillbeconstructedusingaconcreteandglassframework,whichsitsonafloatingpontoonstructure.Intheeventofatidalsurgeorflooding,thepontoonriseswiththewaterleveltokeepthehomesafe.Fittedwithsolarpanelsandheatexchangers,thewaterhomewillbeabletoproducetheirownelectricityduringpowercuts,intheeventofastorm.Otherfirmsareexploringfloatinghomes,too.IntheUK,BacaArchitectshaspartneredwithmanufacturerFloatingHomes.TheirdesignwasoriginallyanentrytoacompetitiontoreduceLondon’shousingshortage,andhassincebeenturnedintoaprototype.BacaArchitectsisexploringwaystoprovidepractical,affordable,flood-resistantadditionalcityhousing,whichcouldoccupyunnecessarydocks,canalsandotherwaterwaysthroughoutLondon,directorRichardCouttstoldtheGuardian.Astheplanet’satmospherewarms,areassuchastheArcticaremeltingfast,contributingtorisingsealevelsandhigherriskofflooding.Theoceanisalreadyreclaiminglandinsomepartsoftheworld.Withtheglobalpopulationsettoreach9.8billionpeoplebymid-century,extremefloodingcouldfurtheraddpressuretolimitedland,water,foodandotherresources.ThesechallengesareattheheartoftheVirtualOceanDialogues,aninitiativebytheWorldEconomicForumandFriendsofOceanAction.Theonlineeventprovidesaforumformorethan50worldleaderstoaddressthemostpressingchallengesfacingouroceansanddevelopwaystoprotectthem.WhilefloatinghomesmaybeacommonfeatureinpartsofAsiaandotherdevelopingregions,theyareemergingasawaytorelieveovercrowdingandprotectpeopleinbusycitiesandurbanareaswhicharelikelytosufferfromflooding.8.Whatmakesitpossibletoproduceelectricityinthefloatinghome?A.Theconcreteandglassframework. B.Thetidalpower.C.Solarpanelsandheatexchangers. D.Thefloatingpontoonstructure.9.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Floatinghomeswillbeusefulbutcostly.B.FloatinghomeshavebeenputintouseinLondon.C.BacaArchitects’designwastoeasethehousingburdenatfirst.D.ThereisacompetitionamongfirmsintheUKtoexplorefloatinghomes.10.Whichofthefollowinghasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedword“reclaiming”inParagraph4?A.Restoring. B.Reoccupying. C.Redeveloping. D.Reshaping.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MeltingOceansareCausingRisingSeaLevelsB.AForumisOngoingtoExploreFloatingHomesC.ManyFirmsareWorkingTogethertoReduceHousingShortageD.FloatingHomesareEmergingtoProtectPeoplefromFlooding【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了漂浮房屋正在被探索中，為緩解過(guò)度擁擠，一些容易被遭受洪水和被淹沒(méi)的地區(qū)提供解決方案，文章介紹了這種房屋的一些特點(diǎn)和需要它的背景?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Fittedwithsolarpanelsandheatexchangers,thewaterhomewillbeabletoproducetheirownelectricityduringpowercuts,intheeventofastorm.(安裝了太陽(yáng)能電池板和熱交換器，水屋將能夠在停電時(shí)自己發(fā)電，以防風(fēng)暴)”可知，太陽(yáng)能電池板和熱交換器使得在漂浮的房子里發(fā)電成為可能。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheirdesignwasoriginallyanentrytoacompetitiontoreduceLondon’shousingshortage,andhassincebeenturnedintoaprototype.(他們的設(shè)計(jì)最初是為了減少倫敦住房短缺的競(jìng)賽，后來(lái)變成了一個(gè)原型)”可知，Baca建筑事務(wù)所的設(shè)計(jì)最初是為了減輕住房負(fù)擔(dān)。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段劃線詞上文“Astheplanet’satmospherewarms,areassuchastheArcticaremeltingfast,contributingtorisingsealevelsandhigherriskofflooding.(隨著地球大氣變暖，北極等地區(qū)正在快速融化，導(dǎo)致海平面上升，洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高)”以及“Theoceanisalreadyreclaiming

landinsomepartsoftheworld.(海洋已經(jīng)在世界某些地區(qū)reclaiming土地)”可知，海平面上升導(dǎo)致世界上的一些地方已經(jīng)被海洋再次占據(jù)了。故劃線詞意思是“再占領(lǐng)，收復(fù)”。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Toprotectpeoplelivinginareasthatarelikelytosufferfloodingandrisingsealevels,agroupofarchitectshasdesignedafloatinghome.(為了保護(hù)居住在可能遭受洪水和海平面上升的地區(qū)的人們，一群建筑師設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)漂浮的家)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了漂浮房屋正在被探索中，為緩解過(guò)度擁擠，一些容易被遭受洪水和被淹沒(méi)的地區(qū)提供解決方案，文章介紹了這種房屋的一些特點(diǎn)和需要它的背景?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“漂浮房屋正在興起，以保護(hù)人們免受洪水侵襲”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。DScientistsareincreasinglylookingatthemind-bodyconnection,includinghowhearthealthmightaffectbrainfunction.Paststudiesofadultshavelinkedpoorcardiovascular(心血管的)healthtoahigherriskofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline,butthere’sbeenlittleresearchonhowhearthealthaffectsyoungbrains.Anewresearchanalyzedthehealthdataof987children,aged11and12,from21UScities.ThechildrentookpartintheAdolescentBrainCognitiveDevelopmentstudy,thelargestlong-termstudyofbraindevelopmentandhealthinchildrenintheUnitedStates.Researchersmeasuredparticipants’cardiovascularhealthusingatoolknownasLife’sEssential8,alistforimprovingandmaintainingcardiovascularhealth.DevelopedbytheAmericanHeartAssociation(AHA),thelistincludesahealthydiet,notsmoking,beingphysicallyactive,gettingenoughsleep,keepingahealthyweightandcontrollingbloodpressure,cholesterolandbloodsugar.Researcherslookedathowthechildren’scardiovascularhealthscoresmatchedupwiththeirscoresfromacognitivetest.Theyfoundthatchildrenwithbettercardiovascularhealthbehaviors——thelistitemsrelatedtodiet,physicalactivity,smokingandsleep——showedslightlybettercognitivefunction.Atthesametime,childrenwithbetteroverallcardiovascularhealththatincludedalleightitemsonthelistalsohadhighercognitivefunction.Dr.AugustoCésarF.DeMoraes,thestudy’sleadresearcher,saidthatthemessageofthestudywas“thatifyouseechildrenwithhighbloodpressureorobesity,it’simportanttolookattheirbrainhealthaswell.”Thefindings,whichwerepresentedonNovember11inPhiladelphiaattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sScientificSessionsconference,areconsideredpreliminary(初步的)untilfullresultsarepublishedinapeer-reviewedjournal.12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Themethodoftheresearch. B.Theparticipantsoftheresearch.C.Thefindingsoftheresearch. D.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.13.WhichofthefollowingmaycontributetocardiovascularhealthaccordingtoAHA?A.Goingonadiet. B.Keepingactiveworks.C.Goingtobedearly. D.Keepinglowerbloodpressure.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewresearch?A.Itdrawsattentiontochildren’sproblemofobesity.B.Theparticipantsarechosenfromdifferentcountries.C.Thefullfindingshavenotbeenmadepublicsofar.D.Theresearcherslookatthemind-bodyconnectioninadults.15.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Highbloodpressureisaffectingchildren’sbrainhealth.B.Betterhearthealthmayimprovekids’cognitivefunction.C.Life’sEssential8isanimportanttoolincognitiveresearch.D.Cognitivedeclinewillinfluencechildren’scardiovascularhealth.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，該研究表明更好的心血管健康可以改善孩子的認(rèn)知功能。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段中“Anewresearchanalyzedthehealthdataof987children,aged11and12,from21UScities.ThechildrentookpartintheAdolescentBrainCognitiveDevelopmentstudy,thelargestlong-termstudyofbraindevelopmentandhealthinchildrenintheUnitedStates.Researchersmeasuredparticipants’cardiovascularhealthusingatoolknownasLife’sEssential8,alistforimprovingandmaintainingcardiovascularhealth.DevelopedbytheAmericanHeartAssociation(AHA),thelistincludesahealthydiet,notsmoking,beingphysicallyactive,gettingenoughsleep,keepingahealthyweightandcontrollingbloodpressure,cholesterolandbloodsugar.(一項(xiàng)新的研究分析了來(lái)自美國(guó)21個(gè)城市的987名11至12歲兒童的健康數(shù)據(jù)。這些孩子參加了青少年大腦認(rèn)知發(fā)展研究，這是美國(guó)最大的兒童大腦發(fā)育和健康的長(zhǎng)期研究。研究人員使用一種名為L(zhǎng)ife'sEssential8的工具來(lái)衡量參與者的心血管健康狀況，這是一份改善和維持心血管健康的清單。這份清單由美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)（AHA）制定，包括健康飲食、不吸煙、積極鍛煉、睡眠充足、保持健康體重、控制血壓、膽固醇和血糖。)”可知，第二段主要講了該研究的方法。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“DevelopedbytheAmericanHeartAssociation(AHA),thelistincludesahealthydiet,notsmoking,beingphysicallyactive,gettingenoughsleep,keepingahealthyweightandcontrollingbloodpressure,cholesterolandbloodsugar.(這份清單由美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)（AHA）制定，包括健康飲食、不吸煙、積極鍛煉、睡眠充足、保持健康體重、控制血壓、膽固醇和血糖。)”可知，積極的鍛煉有助于心血管健康。故選B。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Thefindings,whichwerepresentedonNovember11inPhiladelphiaattheAmericanHeartAssociation’sScientificSessionsconference,areconsideredpreliminary(初步的)untilfullresultsarepublishedinapeer-reviewedjournal.(研究結(jié)果于11月11日在費(fèi)城的美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)科學(xué)會(huì)議上公布，在完整的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在同行評(píng)議的期刊上之前，研究結(jié)果被認(rèn)為是初步的。)”可知，到目前為止，完整的調(diào)查結(jié)果還沒(méi)有公開(kāi)。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Researcherslookedathowthechildren’scardiovascularhealthscoresmatchedupwiththeirscoresfromacognitivetest.Theyfoundthatchildrenwithbettercardiovascularhealthbehaviors——thelistitemsrelatedtodiet,physicalactivity,smokingandsleep——showedslightlybettercognitivefunction.Atthesametime,childrenwithbetteroverallcardiovascularhealththatincludedalleightitemsonthelistalsohadhighercognitivefunction.(研究人員觀察了兒童的心血管健康得分與他們?cè)谡J(rèn)知測(cè)試中的得分是如何匹配的。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，心血管健康行為更好的兒童——與飲食、體育活動(dòng)、吸煙和睡眠有關(guān)的清單項(xiàng)目——表現(xiàn)出稍好的認(rèn)知功能。與此同時(shí)，心血管整體健康狀況較好的兒童，包括清單上的所有八個(gè)項(xiàng)目，也有更高的認(rèn)知功能。)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，該研究表明更好的心血管健康可以改善孩子的認(rèn)知功能。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhilemanypeoplemightbequittingformalNewYear’sdecisionsthisyear,othersmaymarkafreshstartbydecidingtomakeupforpooreatinghabitsofthepast.___16___Withoutasolidplan,youmayfailquickly.Soconsiderstartingwiththesethreeeasywaystoeatahealthierdiet.Aimforrealfoodonly.___17___Maybeit’sthewholething(likeafrozendinner),ormaybeit’sjustpartofyourmeal(likethebottleddressingonyoursalad).Thinkofwhereyoucanreplaceprocessedfoodsforhealthierones.Forexample,eatwhole-grainpastainsteadofenrichedwhite-flourspaghetti.Scheduleyourmealsandsnacks.Settimesonyourphoneforthreedifferentmealsandtwosnacks(ifyouneedthem).___18___Thismightcontrolyourdesires,reducestressaboutwhenyou’lleatnext,andcutdownontheextracaloriesofunnecessarysnacking——arealchallengeifyou’reclosetoarefrigeratoralldaywhileathomeorwork.Reduceyourportion(份量)sizes.Ifyou’relikemostAmericans,you’reeatingtoomuchfood.Aneasywaytocarryoutportioncontrol:loadyourplateasyounormallywould,thenputbackathirdorhalfofthefood.___19___Youdon’tneedtoincludeallofthesestepsatonetime;tryonestepperweek.Writedownwhatyou’reeatingandanythoughtsorquestionsyouhaveabouttheprocess.___20___Beforelong,you’llhavetheconfidencetoattemptnewsteps.A.Avoidhavinglate-nightmealsorsnacks.B.Don’teatinbetweenthesescheduledtimes.C.Processedfoodsarelinkedwithmanydiseases.D.Afteraweek,assesswhatworkedandwhatdidn’t.E.Youcanalsouseasaladplateinsteadofadinnerplate.F.Lookatyourplateandnotewhat’sprocessedandwhatisn’t.G.Butthismotivationisoftenfocusedonadietthatistooambitious.【答案】16.G17.F18.B19.E20.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了更健康的飲食的方法?！?6題詳解】由上文“WhilemanypeoplemightbequittingformalNewYear’sdecisionsthisyear,othersmaymarkafreshstartbydecidingtomakeupforpooreatinghabitsofthepast.(雖然今年許多人可能會(huì)放棄正式的新年決定，但其他人可能會(huì)決定彌補(bǔ)過(guò)去不良的飲食習(xí)慣，從而標(biāo)志著一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始。)”可知，本空與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說(shuō)明動(dòng)機(jī)的集中點(diǎn)是什么，故G選項(xiàng)“Butthismotivationisoftenfocusedonadietthatistooambitious.(但這種動(dòng)機(jī)往往集中在過(guò)于雄心勃勃的飲食上。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】由下文“Maybeit’sthewholething(likeafrozendinner),ormaybeit’sjustpartofyourmeal(likethebottleddressingonyoursalad).Thinkofwhereyoucanreplaceprocessedfoodsforhealthierones.Forexample,eatwhole-grainpastainsteadofenrichedwhite-flourspaghetti.(它可能是整個(gè)食物（比如冷凍晚餐），也可能只是你食物的一部分（比如沙拉上的瓶裝調(diào)料）。想想你可以在哪里用更健康的食物代替加工食品。例如，吃全麥意大利面，而不是富含白面粉的意大利面。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“加工食品”有關(guān)的話題，故F選項(xiàng)“Lookatyourplateandnotewhat’sprocessedandwhatisn’t.(看看你的盤子，記下哪些經(jīng)過(guò)加工，哪些沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)加工。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】由上文“Scheduleyourmealsandsnacks.Settimesonyourphoneforthreedifferentmealsandtwosnacks(ifyouneedthem).(安排好你的正餐和零食。在手機(jī)上設(shè)定三頓不同的正餐和兩頓零食的時(shí)間（如果你需要的話）。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“吃東西的時(shí)間”有關(guān)的話題，故B選項(xiàng)“Don’teatinbetweenthesescheduledtimes.(不要在這兩個(gè)預(yù)定時(shí)間之間吃東西。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選B?！?9題詳解】由上文“Reduceyourportion(份量)sizes.Ifyou’relikemostAmericans,you’reeatingtoomuchfood.Aneasywaytocarryoutportioncontrol:loadyourplateasyounormallywould,thenputbackathirdorhalfofthefood.(減少食物的份量。如果你像大多數(shù)美國(guó)人一樣，你吃得太多了。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的控制分量的方法是：像平常一樣裝滿你的盤子，然后放回三分之一或一半的食物。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“份量和盤子”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項(xiàng)“Youcanalsouseasaladplateinsteadofadinnerplate.(你也可以用沙拉盤代替餐盤。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選E?！?0題詳解】由上文“Youdon’tneedtoincludeallofthesestepsatonetime;tryonestepperweek.Writedownwhatyou’reeatingandanythoughtsorquestionsyouhaveabouttheprocess.(你不需要一次包含所有這些步驟；試著每周走一步。寫下你正在吃的東西，以及你對(duì)這個(gè)過(guò)程的任何想法或問(wèn)題。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“一周總結(jié)”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項(xiàng)“Afteraweek,assesswhatworkedandwhatdidn’t.(一周后，評(píng)估哪些有效，哪些無(wú)效。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15個(gè)小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。InIndia,agroupofyoungpeoplearechangingseniors’livesbypairingthemwithvolunteer“grandchildren”.Theorganization,Goodfellows,was___21___byNaidu,Thakur,andSandu,threeyoungIndianswhoall___22___hangingoutwiththeirgrandparents.Meantto___23___lonelinessandhelpbringthelonelyeldersbackinto___24___,theorganizationallowsfamilymemberstonominate(提名)elders,typicallyiftheirlifepartnerisn’taroundanymore,asa“grandpal”___25___a“grandchild”.Afterthenomination,Mr.Naiducarriesoutaninterviewwiththe___26___.Itaimstolearnabouttheirinterestsinorderto___27___themwitha“grandchild”whohas___28___interests.Onegrandpalcallsherselftheluckiestladyintheworld,thankstohervolunteergrandchildapassionatewriterwhois___29___her81yearlifestories.“Kersiunclehasbeenmygrandpalforfivemonths.Weeagerlylookforwardto___30___,”said23yearoldAarohi.“He’shadquiteafew___31___moments,buthealwaysfocusesonthebeautifulbits,inspiringmetoholdontothehappymoments.”Insome___32___,thepairinglastsaslongasthegrandpal’sremainingyears.“We’vecomeacrosssomanygrandpalswhotellustheyfeel___33___.Asidefromafewpublicservicestaff,thedoorbellneverrings.Butourorganizationisnow___34___things.Theyarehopefulandexcitedonthe___35___daysoftheweek.Theylookforwardtothebellringing,”Ms.Thakursaid.21.A.accepted B.discovered C.started D.assessed22.A.loved B.regretted C.admitted D.forgot23.A.face B.hide C.suffer D.address24.A.society B.reality C.family D.employment25.A.inpraiseof B.insearchof C.inhonorof D.indefenseof26.A.advisors B.seniors C.customers D.volunteers27.A.pair B.guide C.protect D.compare28.A.special B.similar C.broad D.appropriate29.A.designing B.enjoying C.acting D.documenting30.A.standingout B.showingoff C.hangingout D.takingoff31.A.important B.tough C.magical D.joyful32.A.cases B.stages C.places D.moments33.A.frightened B.relieved C.lonely D.inspired34.A.exploring B.examining C.advertising D.changing35.A.imagined B.peaceful C.appointed D.free【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.B27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.A33.C34.D35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了在印度，一群年輕人通過(guò)為老年人配對(duì)志愿者“孫輩”來(lái)改變老年人的生活?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)名為Goodfellows的組織是由Naidu、Thakur和Sandu創(chuàng)立的，這三個(gè)年輕的印度人都喜歡和祖父母一起出去玩。A.accepted接受；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.started開(kāi)始；D.assessed評(píng)估。根據(jù)前文的“Theorganization,Goodfellows”和后文“byNaidu,Thakur,andSandu,threeyoungIndians”可知，這個(gè)名為Goodfellows的組織是由Naidu、Thakur和Sandu創(chuàng)立的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)名為Goodfellows的組織是由Naidu、Thakur和Sandu創(chuàng)立的，這三個(gè)年輕的印度人都喜歡和祖父母一起出去玩。A.loved喜歡，愛(ài)；B.regretted遺憾；C.admitted承認(rèn)；D.forgot忘記。根據(jù)后文的“hangingoutwiththeirgrandparents.”可知，這三個(gè)年輕的印度人都喜歡和祖父母一起出去玩。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了解決孤獨(dú)問(wèn)題，幫助孤獨(dú)的老人重返社會(huì)，該組織允許家庭成員提名老人（通常是在他們的生活伴侶不在身邊的情況下）作為尋找“孫子”的“爺爺”。A.face面對(duì)；B.hide隱藏；C.suffer遭受；D.address設(shè)法解決。根據(jù)后文的“l(fā)onelinessandhelpbringthelonelyeldersbackinto”可知，該組織是為了解決老人的孤獨(dú)問(wèn)題、幫助孤獨(dú)的老人重返社會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了解決孤獨(dú)問(wèn)題，幫助孤獨(dú)的老人重返社會(huì)，該組織允許家庭成員提名老人（通常是在他們的生活伴侶不在身邊的情況下）作為尋找“孫子”的“爺爺”。A.society社會(huì)；B.reality現(xiàn)實(shí)；C.family家族；D