2024屆中考英語題型過關(guān)專題3.推理判斷解題技巧（原卷版）

③察言觀色，依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。方法1邏輯推理法邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，對文章片段或全文進(jìn)行深層理解來解答題目。常以時間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音。主要考查學(xué)生對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessary B.nothelpfulatall C.veryboring D.notimportant方法2觀點態(tài)度判定法觀點態(tài)度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語氣或?qū)δ硞€細(xì)節(jié)的把握來推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出來的態(tài)度，以及對事物的評價。主要考查學(xué)生對于作者陳述事件時所表達(dá)出的個人觀點態(tài)度的推斷能力。WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.C.Hecan'tunderstand.D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.方法3目的意圖判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對作者闡述的目的進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste方法4文章出處判定法文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。主要考查學(xué)生對各種文章出處的特點和常識的掌握能力，以及對文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.A.astorybook B.anewspaper C.anadvertisement D.aguidebook方法5讀者對象判定法讀者對象判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出文章是針對哪個群體閱讀的。主要考查學(xué)生的概括和推斷能力。Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.teachers B.parents C.child D.thepolice方法6寫作目的判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對作者闡述的目的進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste方法7論證方式判定法論證方式判定法，就是對文章提出的觀點舉例子，列數(shù)字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀點，證明觀點的合理性。主要考查學(xué)生對題干的理解，及線索句的定位和理解能力。TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(證明)that____A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthingsD.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.方法8篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法，就是對文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)，或者段落中某事件的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，常以排序或結(jié)構(gòu)圖示等來考查。主要考查學(xué)生對整體文章內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“l(fā)eavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleareexpectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,justasthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Comeon,Amy.YoumustTRYHARDER.Amytoldherselfsilently.Shewasinherclass’Second-Day-of-SchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.Luckily,nooneseemedtocareaboutit.Thisrelaxedheralot.SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(線索)andhadbeentothepostoffice.Nowtheywereinfrontofthecinema.Henrywasreadingaloudthethirdclue:Gotoourtownfounder’slastrestingplace.IknowTHISONE!Amythought,excited.“Tothecemetery(墓地)”Cindysaid.“No,wait!”Amysaid.“I’vereadaboutit.Thefounderwasburiednearthelibrary.”“Wow.I’vewalkedbyeveryday,”Tylersaid.“Neverknewthat!”“Goodjob!Thatwillsavevaluabletime,”CindysmiledatAmy.“Westillneedtohurry,”Tylerreminded,pointingtotheYellowTeamcomingnear.“Iknowashortcut!”Henrysuggested.“Followme!”Noonemoved.“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothersfinallyagreed.Afewsharpturns,andtheywerethere!ThistimeAmyreadthecluealoud:Nowgototheplacewherethefootballisrunningaround!“Thefootballstadium!”Theycalledouttogetherandstartedtorun…Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!Lookingcloselyatthemap,everyonethoughthard.“Aha!Astar!”Cindysuddenlybrokethesilence.Shequicklytookoutapencil.Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.Theywerecloserandcloser,andfinallycrossedthefinishline-justonestepbehindtheRedTeam!“So…close…”Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.“Nicejob,newgirl,”CindygaveAmyahigh-five.“Thatwasreallyfun,”saidHenry.“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”“Me,too,”Amyagreed,smiling.1．WhatdoesthebeginningofthestorytellusaboutAmy?A．Shedidn’twanttoplaythegame. B．Shewasanewstudentinherclass.C．ShewasamemberoftheRedTeam. D．Shedidn’tunderstandthegamerules.2．WhydidtheteamletHenryleadthewayatlast?A．Heranfastestintheteam. B．Theydidn’tknowtheway.C．Theytrustedhisrichexperience. D．Hewasbestatplayingthegame.3．Wherewasthefinishlineofthegame?A．Inthepark. B．Nexttothepostoffice.C．Infrontofthecinema. D．Outsidethelibrary.4．WhydidAmysmileattheendofthestory?A．Herteamcameinfirst. B．Shewasacceptedasafriend.C．Shenolongerfeltnervous. D．Therewouldbeagamesoon.（2023·河南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthetree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.Iwasvisitingmygrandpa’sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforustoenjoylater.Iwasn’tabouttolethimdown.Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalargehole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthepecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthehollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.“Look,Grandpa,”Ishouted,“l(fā)ookatallofthepecansIfound!”Grandpatookalookatmybasket.“Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?”ItoldhimhowI’dfollowedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingoutsomethingaboutthesquirrel’shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.“Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,”hesaid.“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”“Ididn’tthinkaboutthat,”Isaid.“Iknow,”Grandpasaid.“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhesquirrel’s.”SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.…根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?A．Topickuppecans. B．Tocatchlittleanimals.C．Tofeedthesquirrels. D．Tolookforhisgrandpa.2．Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.A．hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpaB．hefoundouthisgrandpa’ssecretC．hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollowD．hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?A．Kindandwise. B．Caringandhumorous.C．Shyandfriendly. D．Patientandhard-working.4．Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?A．Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.B．Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.C．Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa’shouse.D．Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Anunusualtree B．ThestolenpecansC．Asmartsquirrel D．Themagicbasket（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SeiichiSano,an89-year-oldJapaneseman,ridesawaveatKataseNishihamaBeach,Thursday,March30,2023.Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（沖浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.Butmaybehewilljustkeepsurfing.“IthinkitwouldbeinterestingtotrytosurfuntilI’m100,”Sanosaid.“IthinkItakebettercareofmyselfwhenIhavedreamslikethis.Evennow,ItakebettercareofmyselfthanIdidbefore.”Sanosaidhegottheideatotrysurfingfromaworkerathislocalbank.Theman’sskinwasalwaysdarkandhedidnotlooklikeausualworker.Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofoundateacher.Sanogetsoutmostweekendsontheblack-sandbeach.“Idon’tconsidermyselfanoldman,”hesaidinhiswetsuit,boardstandingnexttohim.“Ihaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanoldperson.IalwaysfeelthatIcanstillmoveforward.Icanstilldoit.Icanstillenjoyit.”SeveralyoungstudentswhoalsoworkwithSano’ssurfteachertalkedaboutSano.“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing,”a12-year-oldsurfersaid.“Heissoamazing,”addedhisyoungerbrother.“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage,”saidSano’ssurfingteacher.“Iwasworriedthathewouldgethurt.Ididnotknowhowfithewas.”Sanostillworks9-to-5athisjob.Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.“Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislifeitself,”hesaid.“Ithinkitistrue.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recognized”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Led. B．Given. C．Accepted. D．Collected.2．Paragraph3mainlytellsus________.A．whereSanolearnttosurf B．whySanotriedsurfingC．howSanoplannedtosurf D．whenSanowentsurfing3．FromthewordsoftheyoungstudentsandSano’ssurfteacher,wecaninfer________.A．theyrespectSanoverymuch B．Sano’sageinfluenceshissurfingC．they’reworriedaboutSano’swork D．Sanoisoftenhurtwhenpractising4．Accordingtothepassage,weknowSano________.A．istoooldtostartsurfing B．getsboredwithsurfingC．feelsstressedaftersurfing D．enjoysalotfromsurfing（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,risingtemperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.HeisaprofessoratauniversityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(氣候)change.TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappennaturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezingtemperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebecomingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.“Thewarmertheairbecomes,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,thesnowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperaturesstayabovefreezing,snowstormsbecomerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldcomesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,yearsfromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges. B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.C．Whatproducescarbondioxide. D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.2．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?A．Lesscoal. B．Drierweather.C．Longerwinters. D．Strongersnowstorms.3．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．TointroduceD．C．B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.4．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.5．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelguide.（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Agardenismuchmorethanjustcreatingabeautifulenvironment.Itcanbeawaytosaveorevenmakemoneyand,morethanthat,itcanbeaplacewhereyoucanexpressyourself.Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13-year-oldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.Ihavelearnedmanythingsthesepastfewyears.Ihavebeenreadingaboutanddoingsomegardening.So,hereismytopadviceaboutgardening.First,youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneytohaveabeautifulgarden.SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeoplehavethrownaway.Ifyoujustrememberthatplantingwhatismorethanyouneedwilltakethestressawayoflosingsomeplants,youwillsaveyourselfalotofworry,too.Besides,youneedtoaskyourselfwhichplantsproduceenoughfoodtomakethemworthgrowing.Iactuallysatdownanddidthemathsonthatonethisspring.Itamazedmewhatsomeplantswereworth.Atomato,forexample,canproduce￡50-￡150worthoffruit.Ittakesupalotofspacebutthat’salotofmoneycomingoutofa50-penceseed(種子)!SoifIhadknownearlierwhateachplantcouldsaveus,Iwouldhavetoldmyparentstofillourgardenwithdifferentplants.Andfinally,gardeningdoesn’thavetobeallornothing.ButthenIguessthat’smoreofapersonalityweaknessthananything.Istrugglewithdoingthingsalittleatatime.OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusuallydevoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.Soit’sokaytojusthaveonetomatoplant,andit’sokaytohaveanoffyear.Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.1．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutgardeninginparagraph1?A．Thegardenerscanmakemuchmoney.B．It’sjustaboutcreatingabeautifulplace.C．Themostimportantistoexpressyourself.D．Itmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.2．Howwouldthewriterdescribeherfavoritegarden?A．Simple. B．Expensive. C．Magic. D．Creative.3．Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveusaboutgardening?A．Usewhatwecanfindaroundus. B．Trytomakeacareeroutofit.C．Askothergardenerstogivehelp. D．Spendasmuchtimeaswecan.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter’sgardeningexperience?A．Shewantstogroweverything.B．Shedideverythingright.C．Shehasalotoffunindoingit.D．Sheneedstoworkharder.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devote”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Waste. B．Spend. C．Change. D．Count.（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturntolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.Beesfold(折疊)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikeafly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.Thishelpskeepthemsafefromanimalsthatmaywanttoeatthem.Insectswithyellowandblackstripesusuallyhavestingers(刺).Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtogetstungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesandleavethefliesalone.Flowerfliesspendmostoftheirtimelookingforfood.Likebees,flowerflieseatpollen(花粉)andnectar(花蜜).Thismakesthemeasytofindinagardenfullofflowers.Theyarehelpfulgardeninsectsjustlikebees.Adultflowerfliesmovepollenfromoneflowertoanother,whichhelpssomeflowersgrowintofruit.Flowerfliescanstayinoneplacewhileflying.Mostinsectsmoveforwardwhentheyfly.Butflowerfliescantwisttheirwings,muchlikehummingbirdsdo.Twistingkeepstheminoneplace,sotheycanremainoverflowers,leaves,orevenyou!1．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyseethispassage?A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Health.2．Inwhichwayarebeesandflowerfliesdifferent?A．Thefoodthattheyeat. B．Thecolouroftheirstripes.C．Thewaytheyhelpgardenflowersgrow. D．Theshapeofwingswhentheystopflying.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)eavethefliesalone”inParagraph4mean?A．Makefriendswiththeflies. B．Eatthefliesup.C．Keepawayfromtheflies. D．Invitethefliesin.4．Whatmightthewriterofthepassageagreewith?A．Peopleusuallypreferbeestoflowerflies.B．Peoplesometimesmistakeflowerfliesforbees.C．Peopleshouldstopbirdseatingbeesandflowerflies.D．Peopleshouldhavebeautifulgardensintheirneighbourhood.（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn’thavethese,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn’tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(傾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintorememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重疊)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwithaseparatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsomeearlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattentiontoameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit’simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It’sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.1．Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou________.A．buyexpensiveshoes B．orderadeliciousmealC．talkwithfriendsfornewideas D．sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision2．Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?A．Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.B．Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.C．Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.D．Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.3．Thewords“psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto________.A．a(chǎn)ttention B．interest C．a(chǎn)bility D．knowledge4．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A．feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowthB．feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowthC．a(chǎn)worthylifedependsonluckandenvironmentD．pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Peoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,commonwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword.Then,todefine(定義)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethecommonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehard-and-fastrule:eachdefinitionmustcomefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskofrecordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker.Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionariestoo.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelings,arealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.1．Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks?A．Toknowmoreabouttheperiod. B．Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.C．Tounderstanddifferentsubjects. D．Tolearntouseinterestingwords.2．Whichshowsthe