高中英語動詞不定式課件

非謂語動詞不定式，ing形式過去分詞TheInfinitive動詞不定式不定式所充當?shù)木渥映煞?主語subject賓語object,表語predicative,定語attributive,狀語adverbial.賓語補足語objectcomplement熟讀深思指出以下句中不定式所充當?shù)木渥映煞?并注意常用的不定式有哪幾種形式。1.Heseemedtobesleeping.他好象在睡覺。2.Thereareallkindsofdifficultiestobeovercome.有各種各樣的困難要克服。動詞不定式(theinfinitive)定語表語3.I’dliketomakeasuggestion.我想提一個建議。4.Itisofgreatbenefitforallofustodomorningexerciseseveryday.每天做早操對我們大家都有益。5.Hefeelsitadutytohelpthedisabled.他感到有義務幫助殘疾人。真正賓語賓語真正主語6.IoftenhearhersinginEnglish.(比較：SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.)我經(jīng)常聽到她唱英語歌。7.Maryoftengoesbacktoherhometowntovisithergrandparents.瑪麗常?；丶亦l(xiāng)看望他的祖父祖母。目的狀語補語8.I’msogladtoseeyouhere.在這兒見到你真快樂。9.Jackwastoobusytohavehishaircut.杰克太忙了,沒時間理發(fā)。結(jié)果狀語原因狀語歸納總結(jié)1.動詞不定式屬于非謂語動詞,在句子中可以充當除謂語外的其他各個句子成分；2.動詞不定式通常有以下幾種形式(以do為例)：主動式被動式一般式todo⑴___________完成式⑵___________tohavebeendone進行式⑶___________tobedoingtobedonetohavedone作主語Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.2.Itisimportantforus

tomasteraforeignlanguage用it作形式主語用不定式

(It+be+adj./n.for/ofsb+todosth)1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。

1.Youcanimaginehowexcitingitis____(listen)totopscientistssharetheirpredictiononwhattheworldwillbelikeinacentury.2.Itisnogood_____(copy)theanswerwithouttryingtounderstanditItisnogood/nouse/nopleasure+doingsth.

Itisnousearguingaboutit.

tolisten

copying注意1.一2.作賓語Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.1.Herefused______(stop)talkingwhilesheworked.2Ihaveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______(expect)inmynewjob.1.Hehadnochoicebut_______(sit)thereasusual.2.Thereisnothingwecandobut_____(wait)patiently

tositwait

tostop

toexpectafford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish

Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.

Remember!

Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyv-ing.

avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,can’thelpRememberthem!3)V+todo/doing區(qū)別不大。

begin/start/like/love/hate/dislike…4)v+todo/doing區(qū)別很大

forget/remember/stop/goonregret/try/mean/can’thelpneed/want/requiretrytodo努力做某事trydoing試著做某事regrettodo對要做的某事表示遺憾regretdoing對已做的某事表示懊悔meantodo打算做meandoing意味著can’thelp(to)do不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事need/want/require

sthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做疑問詞+動詞不定式用作主語、賓語等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.3.作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英語。2.眼見為實。doing表習慣性動作；MyjobisteachingyouEnglishtodo表將來一次性性動作Mywishistobecomeascientist.4.作狀語Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.1.I’mgladtoseeyouI’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的狀語.原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語1.〔2005.福建卷〕—Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?

—Sure,______itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.

A.havinggot

B.toget

C.getting

D.get2.〔2005.廣東卷〕—Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.

A.tofind

B.finding

C.found

D.tohavefound

3.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenupTheirheatandarenowcoolenough____(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.(2015全國II)

tocool4.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy____anythingthehappenedtobeon.towatch

B.watching

C.watchD.tohavewatched5.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_______(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume(2009廣東)

toplease6.2005.重慶卷〕Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.A.had

B.have

C.tohave

D.having7.IwasattheShanghaiRailway___atickettoHanzhou.tobuy

B.buying

C.buy

D.bought目的狀語:常用的結(jié)構(gòu)—todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.表示Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.結(jié)果狀語:常與only,enough或too連用。ThattoolistooheavytoliftdirectlyThetemperatureishighenoughtochangewaterintosteam．Hewenthome,onlytofindthedooropenandeverythingwasgone.原因狀語:〔v./adj.之后〕一般用在句尾1.I’mgladtoseeyou.2.Shewepttoseethesight.分詞：作時間、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果和原因〔句首〕5作定語1.Doyouhaveanything____(say)?

2.Themeeting______(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant

3.---Thelastone_____(arrive)paysthemeal.---Agree4.LastyearIhadachance_____(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.

tosaytobeheld

toarrivetogo1.不定式作定語，往往表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.ThequestiontobediscussedisveryimportantThesubwaytobefinishedin2018issuretogreatlyrelievethetrafficjaminhiscity.注意⑵序數(shù)詞或最高級等后常用不定式作定語。ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize.她是第一個獲得諾貝爾獎金的婦女。Maryisthebestpersontodothejob.瑪麗是做這個工作的最適合人選。⑶常用來修飾chance，idea，ability，way，reason，time，fact，key，ambition等抽象名詞。LastyearIhadachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.去年我有時機去國外進修。

Itseemsthathehasnopen______.

A.towriteB.towritewith

C.writingD.writingwith注意如果作定語的不定式是不及物動詞，其后應加上必要的介詞Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.

He’slookingforaroomtolivein3.不定式做賓語補足語：1.Mymumasksme_____(play)thepianotwohourseveryday2.Ioftenhearthem____〔sing〕thesonginthenextroom.3.Wewatchedthem____〔play〕footballyesterday.4.Theteachermademe____〔answer〕thequestion.5.Iwillgetyou_______(finish)thejob6.Withalotofdifficultproblems_______(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime..singwatchanswertoplaytofinishtosettle3.賓語補足語：

1〕ask類〔v+sbtodosth2〕感官動詞類〔V+sb.+dosth.〕3〕使役動詞類〔V+sb.+dosth.〕4)with+O+Oc3.賓語補足語：1〕ask類〔v+sbtodosth〕want/wish/order/like/wouldlike /helpforce/allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider…Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.2〕感官動詞類〔V+sb.+dosth.〕see/hear/notice/find/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel/smell…3〕使役動詞類〔V+sb.+dosth.〕make/let/have…getsbtodo4)with+O+Oc

如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),不定式就由原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語,此時第2類動詞(let,have無被動語態(tài))后原來不帶to的不定式要加to。如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.

有人看見他上樓去了。Becareful!注意:Theywereheard______〔sing〕apopsong.tosing1.Hewasmade_________.goB.goneC.goingD.togo2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingcry；cryD.tocry；cry4)with+O+Oc1.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.to

be

settledB.tosettleC.settledD.settling2.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentfeltrelaxed.to

be

settledB.tosettleC.settledD.settling3.Withalotofadvertisements______(fill)mylife,wefilling一.動詞不定式to省略改錯1.Hetoldhimtositdownandwaitedforaminute.2.Otherwise，itisimpossibleforthemtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiptolastlong.3.Well,wehadbettertostopnow.〔2009課標〕4.Inshort,IwilldomybesttohelpmakingtheGamesasuccess.waited--wait

tolast--lasttostop--stopmaking--make注意1.一5

I

wouldrathergothantostay.

6.3.IfindtheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivinghaschangedalot.7.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadside,buthewasaskedbythepolice_____A.

not

to

doB.not

toC

not

do

D.

do

nottostay-stayliving—live注意2.作簡短答復或防止不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常省去to后面的動詞，只保存to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。

e.g.Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.1.主語+be+adj.+todo能用于此句型的形容詞有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲勞的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.注意1.一Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughto

swimin.2.主語+be+adj.+enough+todo

Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.3.主語+be+too+adj.+todo1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要〔我或別人〕寄的東西嗎？

〔不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是you〕〔不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse〕注意3.動詞不定式的否認式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.4.動詞不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進行式完成式完成進行式

不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------注意動詞不定式的時態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.

一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的動作〔狀態(tài)〕同時〔或幾乎同時〕發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。㈡.進行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.如果謂語表示的動作〔情況〕發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行。動詞不定式的時態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)㈢.完成式〔tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.3.Heissaidtohavebeenabroadmanytimes.如果謂語表示的動作發(fā)生在不定式之前。Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruthtobeexactIopenedthedoor_____(enter)theroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingto

attend

themeeting______(hold)tomorrow.3.Robertissaid____(study)abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.4.Iamsorry____(keep)youwaitingsolong.5.Hedidn’tlike_____(laugh).6.

Heclaimed_____(badlytreat

)inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7.Theteachertoldus_____(be)late

again.toentertobeheldtohavestudiedtohavekepttobelaughedattohavebeenbadlytreatednottobe三、疑問詞+動詞不定式用作主語、賓語等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.四、動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：1)forsb.todosth2)(Itis+性格adj+)ofsb.todosth性格adj：nice,kind,cruel,thoughtful,careful,careless…ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.Itisveryniceofyoutohelpme.Itwascarelessofhimtomakesuchamistake.達標練習1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou_________(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.After__________(think)everythingover,shedecided_______________(notresign)herpost.You’dbetternotget__________(annoy)athisignorance.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeverythingseems_____________(go)onsmoothly.toadaptthinkingnottoresignannoyedtobegoing5.Itmightbebetter__________(try)______________(discuss)inhisownlanguagea