不定式被動(dòng)+練習(xí)

GrammarPassiveVoice一.復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)(RevisethePassiveVoice)

英語動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)(theactivevoice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(thepassivevoice)兩種形式。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))Theworkersweremadetoworklonghours.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：

用公式表示為:(主動(dòng))S+V+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S),

如：

MissLiisteachingmusicnow.

一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/aregiven過去was/weregiven

將來shall/willbegiven時(shí)式二.常見主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表am/is/arebeing

givenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeing

givenhadbeen

givenshall/willhavebeen

given1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewateris

being

turned

intovapour.3.Thoseroomshave

not

been

cleanedyet.4.Hewas

seentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywere

being

shownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshad

just

been

inventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysbe

remembered

asthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,thebuildingwill

havebeenfinished.不定式被動(dòng)式的用法:不定式與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。不定式的一般被動(dòng)式即表示其邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者,又表示其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生;不定式的完成被動(dòng)式即表示其邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者,又表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。e.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月內(nèi)建成這座橋。(一般被動(dòng)式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的幫助,她很高興。(完成被動(dòng)式)三.動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化一覽表一般式進(jìn)行式完成式主動(dòng)todotobedoingtohavedone被動(dòng)tobedoneto

have

been

doneThemeetingtobeheldisofgreatimportance.(2)Thebridgeto

be

builtnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemsto

have

been

builtbyagoodarchitect.Moreexamples:通常在believe,suppose,say,report等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句子中可以進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語態(tài)到被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及被動(dòng)語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被殺了.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要采用被動(dòng)形式。一、不定式的被動(dòng)形式有下列用法:1.作主語：

Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.作賓語：

SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3.構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4.構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：

Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5.作定語：

Areyougoingtothemeetingto

be

held

intheteachers’office?6.作狀語：

Shewastooyoungto

be

assignedsuchwork.二、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式,在句中作主語、賓語、定語,或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等。Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主語)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(賓語)Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(復(fù)合賓語)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(復(fù)合謂語)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定語)三、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

2.在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,impossible，nice,pleasant,light,heavy,fit,interesting，important,expensive,cheap,dangerous等。如：

Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．3.在“too…todo;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout/(tobeworkedout)．

Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican'tgotothecinema．5.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。如：

Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的邏輯主語)

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的邏輯主語)

6.當(dāng)不定式隱含在forsbtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．

7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租),rent,hire,blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.NOTICE動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的使用普遍,有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)雖然意思上是被動(dòng)的,也往往用主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。

Ihavethreemotors

torepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen不定式與高考題B

B

B4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchC

A

6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto7.Therearefivepairs_____,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考)

A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefrom

C.tochoose

D.forchoosingA

B

8.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep9.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledA

C

10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_____inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesaretrying_____theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeB

A

12.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考)A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake13.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas.(05年遼寧卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceivingD

C

14.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone15.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudying16.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows______.

A.whattodowithitB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowith

D.todowhatwithitD

A

A

17.Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisaster_____ifamirrorwasbroken.

A.wassureofstrikingB.wassureofhavingstruck

C.wassuretobestruckD.wassuretostrike18.Johnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.

A.towashB.washing

C.washD.tobewashing19.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.

A.tohaverested

B.resting

C.torestD.restD

A

C20.LastsummerItookacourseon_________.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade21.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteat22.Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(04)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecausedA

CC

23.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule________.A.toneverbreak

B.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking24.Thetoolsintheworkshoparenotallowed______.A.takingoutB.totakeoutC.tobetakenoutD.beingtakenoutB

C

25.Thedam_____bytheyear2010,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompleted26.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed_____blownoffthemountain.A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.thatitwasD.thatithadbeenD

A

27.Hesaidsuchathingought____tohappen.A.tobenotallowedB.nottobeallowingC.nottohaveallowedD.nottobeallowed28.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_____intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetakenD

B

29.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported____twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetupC

30.Largesumsofmoney_____eachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges,ships,andotherexposedstructures.A.havespentB.havetobespentC.havetospendD.spendB31.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcome B.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welco