實用科技英語教程-The Internet

TheInternetLeadInCompletethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetextandwritethewordsinthepuzzle.1. Usershavetoenterap__________togainaccesstoanetwork.2. Youcandownloadalotoff__________orpublicdomainprogramsfromthenet.3. Hundredsofh________breakintocomputersystemseveryyear.4. Acomputerv_________caninfectyourfilesandcorruptyourharddisk.5. Theprocessofencodingdatasothatunauthorizeduserscan’treadthedataisknownase___________.6. Af_________isadevicewhichallowslimitedaccesstoaninternalnetworkfromtheinternet.7. Youcanincludeana__________aspartofyoure-mailmessage.8. Thiscompanyusesd____________techniquestodecode(ordecipher)secretdata.Completethefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetextandwritethewordsinthepuzzle.1. Usershavetoenterap__________togainaccesstoanetwork.2. Youcandownloadalotoff__________orpublicdomainprogramsfromthenet.3. Hundredsofh________breakintocomputersystemseveryyear.4. Acomputerv_________caninfectyourfilesandcorruptyourharddisk.5. Theprocessofencodingdatasothatunauthorizeduserscan’treadthedataisknownase___________.6. Af_________isadevicewhichallowslimitedaccesstoaninternalnetworkfromtheinternet.7. Youcanincludeana__________aspartofyoure-mailmessage.8. Thiscompanyusesd____________techniquestodecode(ordecipher)secretdata.asswordreewareackersirusncryptionirewallttachmentecryptionAdvantages

（優(yōu)點）anddisadvantages（缺點）oftheInternetGroupdiscussion.Formagroupof4to5anddiscussonthetopicAdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternet.AdvantagesDisadvantages

fastercommunicationtheft（竊?。﹐fPersonalInformationabundant（大量的）informationresourcesspamming（垃圾郵件）andvirusesentertainment（娛樂）foreveryonesocialisolation（社會疏離）,obesity（肥胖）AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternetAdvantagesDisadvantages

fastercommunicationtheft（竊?。﹐fPersonalInformationabundant（大量的）informationresourcesspamming（垃圾郵件）andvirusesentertainment（娛樂）foreveryonesocialisolation（社會疏離）,obesity（肥胖）AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternetDevelopthepointsinfullsentences.Wecansendamessagetoanypartoftheworldinamatterofseconds.Wecangainaccesstoabundant/resourcefulinformationonline.TheInternetcanprovideuswithvariousformsofentertainment.Personalinformationcouldbeleaked（泄露）tothehackers.Spamming/Unwantedemailsmaycontainvirusesthatmaycorrupt/crashthesystem.UsingtheInternetforlongperiodsoftimecanisolatepeoplefromfamilyandfriends.Themoreonesitsinfrontofthecomputer,thefatteronemaybecome.WordPuzzleYTIRUCESWordPuzzleYTIRUCES

PASWORD

FREWARE

HAKERSVIRS

ENCYPTION

FREWALL

ATACHMENT

DECRPTIONWWW:WorldWideWeb萬維網(wǎng)IP:InternetProtocol網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸協(xié)定HTTP:HypertextTransmissionProtocol超文件傳輸協(xié)定BBS:BulletinBoardSystem（電子）公告牌系統(tǒng)E-Mail:Electronic-Mail電子郵件FTP:FileTransferProtocol文件傳輸協(xié)定AbbreviationsfortechnicaltermsincomputerFurtherDevelopment警告AWarningaboutWirelessInternetFillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.ListeningfirewallsecurityexpertscommunicationsindustrycomputerprogramsshortwayattackedprivateinformationvideocamerasInternetcommunicationssystemcomputerscreenattempt防火墻安全專家通信行業(yè)電腦程序捷徑，縮寫攻擊個人信息攝像機網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信系統(tǒng)電腦屏幕NEWWORDS&PHRASES企圖[s??kj?r?ti][??t?k]

[?pra?v?t][??tempt]

Listening

Thecommunicationsindustryiswarningcomputeruserstoguardagainstanewwaytostealprivateinformation.Theysaythiskindoftheftisincreasing.Thievesarelinkingtheircomputerswithothercomputersandstealinginformationthatcancosthonestcomputerusersagreatdealofmoney.Theyaredoingthisbyusingthemostmoderncomputercommunicationsmethod

--Wi-Fi.Wi-Fiisashortway

ofsayingwirelessfidelity.Wi-FipermitscomputeruserstolinkwiththeInternetcommunicationssystemwithoutusingwiresandatelephone.

通信行業(yè)提防，防范捷徑允許Listening

Onemethodusedbythievestostealsuchinformationiscalledthe"eviltwin."Securityexpertssayanothermethodusedbythievesistogatherinformationbyreadingacomputerscreen.Thievesdothisinapublicplace.Theyhaveevenusedvideocamerastorecordtheinformationtheyaretryingtosteal.Expertssayitiseasytoguardagainstthiskindoftheft.Theysaytomakesurenoonecanreadyourcomputerscreenwhileyouareworkinginapublicplace.Othermethodsofprotectingyourinformationinvolvespecialcomputerprograms.Oneoftheseiscalledafirewall.Afirewallpreventsanyonefromelectronicallyenteringyourcomputertosearchforinformation.SomeprogramsmakeyourcomputerinvisibletoanyoneontheInternet.MostalsoblockanyattempttospyonyourInternetactivities.雙面惡魔安全專家攝像機包括計算機程序不可見的企圖堵塞OneexpertsaysmorethanhalfthecomputersintheUnitedStatesthatareusedforbusinesslackprotectionandcouldbeattacked.Informationtheftfromwi-ficonnectionsisaproblemforcomputeruserseverywhere.Mostexpertsagreethatcomputerusersshouldlearnhowtoprotecttheircomputersandinformationfromthosewhowouldspyorsteal.Industryexpertssayonlyeducationandgoodsecuritywillstopinformationtheft.攻擊，襲擊連接Writing1.陳述利弊的常見句型

1.1說明優(yōu)點

Anadvantageof…isthat+句子（...的優(yōu)點是...）

Ithasthefollowingadvantages.Itdoesusalotofgood.Itbenefitsusquitealot.Itisbeneficialtous.

1.2說明缺點

Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.Thedisadvantagesoutweighitsadvantages.Itdoesusmuchharm.Itisharmfultous.2.拓展句/支持句的寫作方法

Example

Wecancommunicateinafractionofsecondwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworldbye-mail,andMSNtheinstantchattingprovider.Wealsocanchatforhourswithourlovedones.Thereareplentymessengerservicesinoffering.

3.列舉法WritingComprehensiveProgressTextATheInternetPara1TheInternetisagiantnetworkofcomputerslocatedallovertheworldthatcommunicatewitheachother.TextATheInternetPara1互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是由遍布世界各地互聯(lián)互通的計算機組合而成的龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)。TextATheInternetPara2TheInternetisaninternationalcollectionofcomputernetworksthatallunderstandastandardsystemofaddressesandcommands,connectedtogetherthroughbackbonesystems.Itwasstartedin1969,whentheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseestablishedanationwidenetworktoconnectahandfulofuniversitiesandcontractors.Theoriginalideawastoincreasecomputingcapacitythatcouldbesharedbyusersinmanylocationsandtofindoutwhatitwouldtakeforcomputernetworkstosurviveanuclearwarorotherdisasterbyprovidingmultiplepathbetweenusers.PeopleontheARPNET(asthisnationwidenetworkwasoriginallycalled)quicklydiscoveredthattheycouldexchangemessagesandconductelectronic“conferences”withdistantcolleaguesforpurposesthathadnothingtodowiththemilitaryindustrialcomplex.Ifsomebodyelsehadsomethinginterestingstoredontheircomputer,itwasasimplemattertoobtainacopy(assumingtheownerdidnotprotectit).TextATheInternetPara2互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是由連接在一起的電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)組合而成的國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它們采用統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的通訊地址和通訊命令，與主干系統(tǒng)相連。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)起源于1969年，當(dāng)時美國國防部建立了一個全國性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)來連接部分大學(xué)與承包商。最初的想法是要增加計算機容量，并可由多個位于不同地點的用戶共享，通過提供用戶間多條路徑來找到在核戰(zhàn)或其它災(zāi)難中能夠幸存下來的計算機路徑。人們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，在ARPNET上（這個全國性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)最初被稱為ARPNET）可以交流信息并與遠方的同事進行電子“會議”，這些用途與軍事沒有任何關(guān)系。如果有人在自己的計算機上存儲了一些有趣的東西，那么拷貝一份是一件很簡單的事情（假設(shè)所有者沒有設(shè)置任何保護措施的話）。TextATheInternetPara3Overtheyears,additionalnetworksjoinedwhichaddedaccesstomoreandmorecomputers.Thefirstinternationalconnections,toNorwayandEngland,wereaddedin1973.TodaythousandsofnetworksandmillionsofcomputersareconnectedtotheInternet.Itisgrowingsoquicklythatnobodycansayexactlyhowmanyusers“OntheNet”.TextATheInternetPara3多年以來，越來越多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)加入其中，接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的計算機也越來越多。1973年接入了英國和挪威的計算機，這是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的第一次國際連接?，F(xiàn)如今，成千上萬的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無數(shù)的計算機在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上相連?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)增長速度如此之快，以至于沒有人能確切地說出“在網(wǎng)上”究竟有多少用戶。TextATheInternetPara4TheInternetisthelargestrepositoryofinformationwhichcanprovideverylargenetworkresources.Thenetworkresourcescanbedividedintonetworkfacilitiesresourcesandnetworkinformationresources.Thenetworkfacilitiesresourcesprovideustheabilityofremotecomputationandcommunication.Thenetworkinformationresourcesprovideusallkindsofinformationservices,suchasscience,education,business,history,law,art,andentertainment,etc.TextATheInternetPara4互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是最大的信息庫，能提供十分豐富的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源可以分為網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備資源和網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源。網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備資源為我們提供遠程計算能力和遠程通信能力。網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源則為我們提供科學(xué)、教育、商業(yè)、歷史、法律、藝術(shù)和娛樂等各種信息服務(wù)。TextATheInternetPara5ThegoalofyouruseoftheInternetisexchangingmessagesorobtaininginformation.WhatyouneedtoknowisthatyoucanexchangemessageswithothercomputersontheInternetanduseyourcomputerasaremoteterminalondistantcomputers.Buttheinternaldetailsofthelinkarelessimportant,aslongasitworks.Ifyouconnectcomputerstogetheronanetwork,eachcomputermusthaveauniqueaddress,whichcouldbeeitherawordoranumber.Forexample,theaddressofSam’scomputercouldbeSam,oranumber.TextATheInternetPara5使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的目的是交換消息或者獲取信息。你需要知道的是，你可以與網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的其他用戶交換消息，你的計算機可以作為計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的遠程終端。只要網(wǎng)絡(luò)正常運行，內(nèi)部的鏈接細節(jié)是怎樣的并不重要。將計算機連上網(wǎng)絡(luò)，每臺計算機必須有一個唯一的地址，它可以是一個單詞或一個數(shù)字。例如，Sam的計算機地址可以是Sam，也可以是一個數(shù)字。TextATheInternetPara6TheInternetisahugeinterconnectedsystem,butitusesjustahandfulofmethodtomovedataaround.UntiltherecentexplosionofpublicinterestintheInternet,thevastmajorityofthecomputersontheNetusetheUnixoperatingsystem.Asaresult,thestandardUnixcommandsforcertainInternetserviceshaveenteredtheonlinecommunity’slanguagesasbothnounsandverbstodescribetheservicesthemselves.SomeoftheservicesthattheInternetcanprovideare:Mail,Remoteuseofanothercomputer(Telnet),FileTransfer(FTP),News,andLiveconversation.TextATheInternetPara6互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個巨大的互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)，但它只使用少數(shù)幾種方法來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。時至今日，公眾對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興趣大增，網(wǎng)上的絕大多數(shù)計算機都使用Unix操作系統(tǒng)。因此，用于某些互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Unix命令已經(jīng)作為名詞和動詞成為了在線社區(qū)的語言，用于描述服務(wù)本身?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)提供的一些服務(wù)還有：郵件、遠程使用另一臺計算機（Telnet）、文件傳輸（FTP）、新聞和實時對話。TextATheInternetPara7Themostcommonlyusednetworkserviceiselectronicmail(E-mail),orsimplyasmail.Mailpermitsnetworkuserstosendtextualmessagestoeachother.Computersandnetworkshandledeliveringthemail,sothatcommunicatingmailusersdonothavetohandledetailsofdelivery,anddonothavetobepresentatthesametimeorplace.TextATheInternetPara7最常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)是電子郵件（E-mail），或者簡稱為郵件（mail）。郵件服務(wù)允許網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶互相發(fā)送文本消息。郵件的傳遞由計算機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)處理，通信郵件用戶不必處理傳遞的細節(jié)，也不必同時在場。TextATheInternetPara8Thesimplestwaytoaccessafileonanotherhostistocopyitacrossthenetworktoyourlocalhost.FTPcandothis.TextATheInternetPara8要想訪問另一臺主機上的文件，最簡單方法是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)將其復(fù)制到本地主機。FTP就可以做到。TextATheInternetPara9Presently,auserwithanaccountonanyInternetmachinecanestablishaliveconnectiontoanyothermachineontheNetfromtheterminalinhisownofficeorlaboratory.ItisonlynecessarytousetheUnixcommandthatsetsuparemoteterminalconnection(Telnet),followedbytheaddressofthedistantmachine.TextATheInternetPara9目前，只要擁有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帳戶，就可以在自己的辦公室或?qū)嶒炇业慕K端上與網(wǎng)上其他任何機器建立實時連接。只需要使用Unix命令設(shè)置遠程終端連接（Telnet），輸入遠程計算機的地址。TextATheInternetPara10BeforeyoucanusetheInternet,youmustchooseawaytomovedatabetweentheInternetandyourPC.Thislinkmaybeahigh-speeddatacommunicationcircuit,alocalareanetwork(LAN),atelephonelineoraradiochannel.Mostlikely,youwilluseaModemattachedtoyourtelephonelinetotalktotheInternet.Naturally,thequalityofyourInternetconnectionandservice,likemanyotherthingsinlife,isdictatedbytheamountofmoneythatyouarewillingtospend.TextATheInternetPara10只有選擇了一種在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和個人電腦之間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的方式，才能使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。可以是高速數(shù)據(jù)通信電路、局域網(wǎng)（LAN）、電話線或無線電。最有可能的是，使用一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器連接電話線來實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上交流。當(dāng)然，網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，就像生活中的許多其他事情一樣，取決于你愿意花多少錢。TextATheInternetPara11Althoughalltheseservicescanwellsatisfytheneedsoftheusersforinformationexchange,adefiniterequirementisneededfortheusers.Notonlyshouldtheusersknowwheretheresourceslocates,butalsoheshouldknowsomeoperatingcommandsconcernedtoeasethesearchingburdenoftheusers,recentlysomeconvenientsearchingtoolsappears,suchasGopher,WWWandNetscape.TextATheInternetPara11盡管所有這些服務(wù)都能很好地滿足用戶信息交換的需求，但還是有必要了解一些要求。用戶不僅應(yīng)該知道資源所在的位置，而且還應(yīng)該知道一些相關(guān)的操作命令，這些命令可以減輕信息搜索的負擔(dān)。最近出現(xiàn)了一些方便的搜索工具，如Gopher,WWW和Netscape。TextATheInternetPara12WorldWideWeb(www)isanetworkedhypertextprotocolanduserinterface.ItprovidesaccesstomultipleservicesanddocumentslikeGopherdoesbutismoreambitiousinitsmethod.AjumptootherInternetservicescanbetriggeredbyamouseclickona“hotlinked”word,image,oriconontheWebpage.TextATheInternetPara12萬維網(wǎng)（www）是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的超文本協(xié)議和用戶界面。它提供多種服務(wù)和文件訪問，就像地鼠程序（Gopher）一樣，但其操作方法更為卓越。通過鼠標(biāo)點擊網(wǎng)頁上的“超鏈接”文字、圖像或圖標(biāo)，就可以跳轉(zhuǎn)到其他互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)。TextATheInternetPara13AsmoreandmoresystemsjointheInternet,andasmoreandmoreformsofinformationcanbeconvertedtodigitalform,theamountofstuffavailabletoInternetuserscontinuestogrow.Atsomepointsverysoonafterthenationwide(andlaterworldwide)Internetstartedtogrow,peoplebegantotreattheNetasacommunity,withitsowntraditionandcustoms.Forexample,somebodywouldaskaquestioninaconference,andacompletestrangerwouldsendbackananswer:afterthesamequestionwasrepeatedseveraltimesbypeoplewhohadn’tseentheoriginalanswers,somebodyelsegatheredlistof“frequentlyaskedquestions”andplaceditwherenewcomerscouldfindit.TextATheInternetPara13隨著越來越多的系統(tǒng)加入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以及越來越多的信息形式可以轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字形式，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶可獲得的資源數(shù)量持續(xù)增長。隨著全國（而后是世界）范圍內(nèi)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的不斷發(fā)展，人們即刻開始將網(wǎng)絡(luò)視為具有自己傳統(tǒng)和習(xí)俗的社區(qū)。例如：如果有人在會上提問，就有陌生人來回答問題。當(dāng)人們因為沒有看到這個答案而多次重復(fù)提問同樣的問題時，就會有人收集“常見問題”清單并將它放置在新用戶能找到的顯眼之處。TextATheInternetestablishv.e.g.Thecommitteewasestablishedin1912.

這個委員會創(chuàng)立于191